tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-70228875457998541072024-02-20T13:12:11.409-08:00Medical CodingEducation, Career, and ResourcesUnknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger33125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-38871363849575086412013-06-10T09:59:00.000-07:002013-06-10T09:59:03.038-07:00DRG - INPATIENT CODING<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
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<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Diagnosis Related groups (DRG’s) are the patient classification system that facilitate prospective payment to hospitals. <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">After the Medicare Program was established in 1965, health care costs began to escalate.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1983 the retrospective payment system was replaced with the Prospective Payment System (PPS that paid for acute hospital care based on the expected costs, instead of the accrued charges.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>To accomplish this, each patient discharged is categorized into a DRG.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">A physician panel at Yale University initially developed the system of DRG’s in the late 1960s as a means of “monitoring the quality of care and utilization of services in the acute hospital setting.”<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">The only available medium for implementing the DRG system was the ICD-9-CM classification system, which stands for the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modifications.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ICD-9-CM allows you to classify disease, symptom, health problems, and procedures primarily for statistical purposes.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The system is derived from ICD, which originated over 100 years ago.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ICD-9-CM serves as a diagnostic dictionary, thus playing an essential role in the DRG system.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>When a new disease or procedure is identified, it is usually assigned an existing ICD-9-CM code which best categorizes the disease or procedure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The ICD-9-CM Coordination and Maintenance Committee evaluates the need for new ICD-9-CM codes on an annual basis.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">The data elements which define the DRG’s are routinely collected by the Health Information Management Department when a medical record is abstracted.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The information includes:<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Principal diagnosis<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">PAYOR ID, LOCATION, AND INSURANCE<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Each DRG is distinct and made up of mutually exclusive diagnoses that are separated into 25 major diagnostic categories (MDCs).<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The MDCs represent a single organ system or etiology and are associated with a particular medical specialty.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>No DRG contains patients in different MDCs.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Within each DRG there is further division into surgical or medical groups.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Within each MDC, the surgical procedures are ranked from highest to lowest.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The rank of a procedure is determined by the cost of the procedure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The procedures are not ranked by the complexity of the procedure or the level of skill required to perform the procedure. <o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Each DRG represent patients with similar resource intensity, resource utilization, and cost.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The hospital then, with some exceptions, is paid a flat fee for the DRG, regardless of the services actually provided or the actual resources used.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The payment represents the average cost of caring for a patient within each particular DRG.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Hospitals must be efficient and cost effective to successfully manage under this system.<o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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<pre style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Arial","sans-serif"; font-size: 11pt;">Changes to the Prospective Payment System are implemented annually.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In addition to implementing revisions to the ICD-9-CM codes, DRG’s may be changed and DRG weights are revised every year on October 1st.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></pre>
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Unknownnoreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-41320839137356834192011-07-24T00:11:00.000-07:002011-07-24T00:16:09.543-07:00Sample Coding Questions with answersEmergency Department and Outpatient Surgery Coding Quiz <br />True or False:<br />1.) If a patient is treated for a fracture in the ED with reduction and splint application – both the splint application and fracture reduction should be assigned CPT codes. ___________<br />2.) If injections and infusions are not billed via the chargemaster, then coding personnel should assign CPT codes for those procedures. ______________<br />3.) The coding of immunizations requires only one CPT code assignment. _____________<br />4.) If a bone graft is taken/obtained from the primary operative site (it is not taken from a separate incision site) and is used for grafting at that same site, it should be coded with an additional CPT code. _____________<br />5.) Probable, possible, and rule out diagnoses may be coded on outpatient cases. ____________<br />Assign CPT codes and modifiers to the following: <br />1.) Patient presented to the ER with a 2.5 cm laceration of the left calf and a 5 cm laceration of the right upper arm. The laceration of the calf was sutured using 3-0 Vicryl to close the skin. The 5cm in length wound was explored and irrigated with 200 cc's of saline. The subcutaneous tissues were closed with 3-0 Vicryl and the skin was closed with 5-0 Maxon subcuticular sutures. ________________________________________<br />2.) A split graft measuring 230 square centimeters is applied to a defect on the leg. How would this procedure be reported? ______________________<br />3.) A left radical mastectomy for breast cancer was performed which included pectoral muscle and axillary lymph node removal. Immediately following the mastectomy procedure, a saline breast prosthesis was inserted on the left. How would this procedure be reported? __________________________________________________________<br /><br /> <br />4.) Right shoulder arthroscopy with decompression of subacromial space with partial acromioplasty with coracoacromial release. An open Mumford procedure was also performed. ___________________________________________________<br />5.) Patient was brought to the E.D. in cardiac arrest. CPR was carried out and countershocks were applied using an external defibrillator to no avail. The patient was pronounced approximately 45 minutes following presentation to the E.D.: ___________________ <br />6.) Nasal Endoscopic approach, bilateral: Uncinate process was removed and an ethmoidectomy was performed on the anterior portion of the ethmoid cells. The middle turbinate was then partially resected and the ostium of the maxillary sinus was accessed. An antrostomy was carried out which included removal of diseased, mucopurulent and polypoid tissues. __________________________________________<br />7.) Initial rhinoplasty procedure with nasal tip work, rasping/filing of bony hump, and correction of deviated nasal septum. _____________________________<br />8.) An incision was made on the right forearm and the radial artery isolated. The artery was clamped above and below the clot. An incision was made into the artery and the clot removed. The radial artery was repaired/closed by suture technique, followed by layered closure of the subcutaneous tissue and skin. ____________________________ <br />9.) Repair of a single chamber lead (electrode) in a cardioverter-defibrillator. ________________________ <br />10.) Hemorrhoidectomy was performed for extensive internal and external hemorrhoids with fissurectomy and fistulectomy: ________________________________________<br />11.) Meatotomy and urethral calibration and dilation was performed. The cystoscope was inserted and urethrotomy was performed internally. This was followed by a transurethral resection of the prostate. _________________________________________<br />12.) Cystourethroscopy with manipulation of ureteral calculus yet stone was not removed. An indwelling ureteral double J stent was inserted and left in place. ________________ <br />13.) A cone shaped portion of tissue was removed from the cervix utilizing laser technique. This was followed by a D&C. ________________________ <br />14.) Hysteroscopy with excision of uterine fibroids and endometrial ablation was performed. Chromotubation was carried out. This was followed by laparoscopy with lysis of adhesions around the right ovary, removal of an additional uterine fibroid tumor and left salpingectomy with oophorectomy: ____________________________________________________ <br />15.) RACZ procedure was performed thus epidurolysis (percutaneous lysis of epidural adhesions) was utilized to dissolve scar tissue around trapped nerves in spine. ___________________________________<br />16.) Diskectomy, anterior, for decompression of nerve roots, thoracic, T2-T3, T3-T4: _________________________________<br />17.) Patient presents for a steroid injection for a herniated lumbar disk. Marcaine and Aristocort were injected into the L2-L3 space: ___________________________<br />18.) Patient suffers from strabismus and requires surgery. Recession of the right lateral rectus muscle with adjustable sutures was performed:___________________________<br />19.) Patient with a traumatic rupture of the left eardrum repaired the tympanoplasty with incision of the mastoid. Repair of ossicular chain not required. _____________________<br />20.) Aphakia penetrating corneal transplant: _______________________________<br /><br /> <br />CASE SCENARIOS<br />Code the following scenarios with ICD-9-CM diagnosis and procedure, and CPT codes:<br />Case 1 <br />Chief complaint: Multiple dog bites to face.<br />HPI: 4 year old female who was over at a friend's house when she went to pet their dog and was accidentally bitten. She sustained a 2.5cm laceration to the left upper eyelid and eyebrow, a smaller, more superficial puncture wound to the right cheek measuring approximately 1 cm and an additional puncture wound of the lower cheek measuring 5mm. <br />PMH: Non-contributory.<br />Allergies: None<br />Medications: None<br />PE: Well-developed white female, alert and oriented. HEENT: Multiple abrasions and scratches to left cheek with lacerations as described above. The left upper eyelid, eyebrow laceration will require primary repair. The puncture wounds are best left cleaned and allowed to close secondarily and these will be revised at a later date if nece3ssary. There is no injury to the orbit itself and extraocular muscles are intact. <br />Procedure note: The wound was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion and infiltrated with 1% lidocaine with epinephrine. The wounds were thoroughly irrigated. Next, the lid laceration was debrided and closed with 6-0 Vicryl and 6-0 Prolene sutures. All wounds were dressed with Polysporin ointment. <br />Disposition: The patient will be discharged on Augmentin 250 mg po tid and she will be seen back in follow-up in five days for suture removal and reassessment of remaining wounds. <br />Codes: _________________________________________________________________<br /><br /> <br />Case 2<br />Chief Complaint: Smashed left thumb<br />HPI: Patient complains of an injury to the right thumb a few hours ago. The patient states that he got his finger smashed in a machine at work. Last tetanus over 5 years ago.<br />Allergies: None<br />Medications: None<br />ROS: The review of systems is otherwise unremarkable for major signs and symptoms of acute illness or injury for constitutional, HEENT and other significant systems reviewed, except as noted above.<br />PMH: Generally well.<br />Social History: The patient smokes 1 ½ packs a day, non-drinker. <br />Family History: None pertinent to the present complaint.<br />PE: Vital signs: Review Nurse's notes.<br />Finger: Left thumb. There is a laceration vertically through the 1/3 or the lateral nail involving a small portion of the tip of the finger. Nonswollen. Range of motion: full. No deformity. Neurovascular status: normal. <br />Treatment section: <br />X-ray: Left thumb: tuft fracture.<br />The affected area was prepped with Betadine. 0.25% Sensorcaine without epi digital block. Nail was removed. The laceration was explored to its base. There was no foreign body in the wound. Irrigated and scrubbed with normal saline and Betadine. Wound repaired with 4-0 nylon and 4-0 Vicryl. Vaseline gauze applied. Sterile dressing and aluminum finger splint applied. Ancef 1 gram IM given.<br />Codes: _________________________________________________________________<br /><br /> <br />Case 3<br />Preop Dx: Basal cell carcinoma of the nasal tip.<br />Postop Dx: Basal cell carcinoma of the nasal tip.<br />Procedure performed: Wide excision of basal cell carcinoma, frozen section control of the margins and dorsal nasal flap coverage. <br />Anesthesia: General<br />Description of Procedure: Following suitable general anesthesia Lacri-Lube was placed in both eyes. The area was marked for excision, prepped with Betadine and draped sterilely. Infiltrated with Marcaine and epinephrine. After suitable waiting period, this was incised circumferentially of the 12 and 3 o'clock position marked and sent for frozen section. Frozen section revealed the margins to be clear. Following this, the dorsal nasal flap based on the right nasal labial crease vessels was marked, extended into the glabella in a V type fashion, carried down to the nasal periosteum and elevated in a left to right fashion with bleeding points being grasped and elevated. It was rotated into position and then temporarily closed. The defect was then closed with buried interrupted 4-0 undyed Vicryl followed by interrupted 5-0 Prolene. After the frozen section revealed the areas to be clear, it was then inset with 4-0 Vicryl. The margins were then trimmed and closed with 5-0 Prolene. All layers were cleansed with saline and dried. The patient tolerated the procedure well. <br />Codes: _________________________________________________________________<br /><br /> <br />Case 4<br />Preoperative diagnosis: Pyloric stenosis<br />Postoperative diagnosis: Same with esophageal stenosis<br />Operative procedure: Video EGD and balloon dilation of the pylorus and esophageal dilatation to 46 with straight dilator.<br />Procedure: The patient was given Demerol, 50; Phenergan, 12 ½ and Versed, 2mg and Cetacaine spray. The scope was passed down with little difficulty. The GE junction was at 42 cm. The scope was advanced and had difficulty getting through the pylorus. I thought it was strictured. I was able to finally get through it and get around to the second portion of the duodenum. I then passed the 54 French balloon into the pylorus and dilated it for 30 seconds. After I removed the balloon, I could then easily pass through the pylorus. I felt there might be a slight stricture at the distal part of the esophagus. A picture was taken of it and dilated the esophagus to 54 over a guidewire. Pictures were then taken of the GE junction, also retroflexed. No other lesions were seen. The patient tolerated the procedure well and went to recovery in satisfactory condition. <br />Note: The French scale is not identical to the metric system of measurement. Each French unit is equal to 1/3mm; for example, a 24 French sound is equal to 8mm in diameter. <br />Codes: _________________________________________________________________<br /><br /> <br />Case 5<br />Preop Dx: Right knee torn medial meniscus and proximal tibial lesion.<br />Postop Dx: Torn medial and lateral menisci; chondcromalacias, grad 3 of medial femoral condyle, lateral femoral condyle, and patella; proximal tibial lesion; loose body.<br />Procedure Performed: Diagnostic arthroscopy with debridement of partial torn lateral and partial torn medial menisci; chondroplasty of medial and lateral femoral condyles of patella; removal of loose body and fluoroscopically controlled biopsy of proximal tibia.<br />Anesthesia: General<br />Description of Procedure: The arthroscope was introduced with the scope in the anterolateral portal and the probe in the anteromedial portal. The joint was investigated, and she was found to have synovitis throughout the knee. She had grade 2 and 3 chondromalacia over most of the surface of the patella. The medial and lateral femoral condyles ahd grade 3 lesions with some delamination. There was a parrot beak type tear in the posterior horn of the medial meniscus and a degenerative type tear in the lateral meniscus. There was also a loose body in the lateral compartment which was removed with a pituitary rongeur. The motorized cutter and the Arthrocare wand were then used to take the chondral defects on the medial and lateral femoral condyles down to stable cartilage base and rim. Excess carbonization was removed with the motorized cutter. Medial and lateral menisci were then trimmed back to a stable cartilage base and rim. The opening for the lesion on the position tibia near the posterior cruciate ligament insertion was not visible from inside the joint. Chondroplasty was also performed on the patella and was taken down to stable cartilage base and rim.<br />The arthroscopic portion was then terminated and through an open incision, a guide pin was placed into the tibia, and under fluoroscopic control, was angled into the cystic lesion. A 6.5mm drill was then drilled just short of this, and a Craig needle was used to take a biopsy of the lesion. This was sent to pathology. The knee was instilled with 27 cc of 0.25% Marcaine with epinephrine, and she was placed in a bulky bandage. She was awakened and returned to the recovery room in satisfactory condition. Estimated blood loss was none. There were no complications. <br />Codes: _________________________________________________________________<br /><br /> <br />Case 6 <br />Procedure: ECCE<br />After routine prep and drape, a small fornix-based conjunctival flap was raised superiorly. Bleeding points were cauterized. A 7mm step incision was made above. The anterior chamber was entered under the flap with a 5531 blade. The anterior capsule was removed under Healon with a cystotome. The nucleus was emulsified in the posterior capsule. Cortex was removed with the I&A tip. The posterior capsule was vacuumed. Healon was placed in the anterior chamber and capsular bag. The wound was extended to 7mm. A 23.5 diopter, 3161B lens was positioned in the bag horizontally. The wound was closed with a shoelace 9-0 nylon suture. After the Healon was removed from the anterior chamber with I&A tip, intracameral Miostat was injected. The wound was tested for water tightness. Superior rectus suture was removed. Vasocidin ointment was applied along the lid margins. An eye shield was applied. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was taken to the recovery room in good condition. <br /><br /> <br /> <br />1. F<br />2. T<br />3. F<br />4. F<br />5. F<br /><br />1. 12032; 12001-51<br />2. 15100; 15101<br />3. 19200-LT; 19340-51-LT<br />4. 23120-RT; 29826-51-RT<br />5. 99291-25; 92950<br />6. 31254-50; 31267-51-50<br />7. 30420<br />8. 34111-RT<br />9. 33218<br />10. 46262<br />11. 52601<br />12. 52330; 52332-51<br />13. 57520; 58120-51<br />14. 58561; 58661-51-LT; 58679-51<br />15. 62264<br />16. 63077; 63078<br />17. 62311<br />18. 67311-RT; 67335<br />19. 69641-LT?<br />20. 65750<br /><br />Case 1<br />870.0; 873.42?; 873.41; 910.0; E906.0-not CCS; E849.0-not CCS; 86.59; 12011 <br />Case 2<br />927.3; 816.02; E919.9—not CCS; 86.23; 11730; 86.59?; 12001?<br />Case 3<br />173.3; 11640; 21.32; 14060?; 86.70?<br />Case 4<br />537.0; 530.3; 42.92; 44.22; 43245; 43248<br />Case 5<br />836.0; 836.1; 717.7; 717.6; 733.90; 29883; 29877-51; 20225-51; 76003; 81.47; 80.86; 80.16; 77.47<br />Case 6<br />366.9 but no pre and pst dx given!; 13.41; 13.71; 66984Unknownnoreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-56997751715718094182011-04-12T06:51:00.000-07:002011-04-12T06:53:13.322-07:00CCS Exam PreparationIMPORTANT TOPICS TO REVIEW FOR CCS PREPRATION<br /><br />ICD-9-CM Diagnoses:<br />· Heart valve disease, with/without heart disease<br />· Combination codes for hypertension with heart or renal failure<br />· Congenital disorders treated later in life<br />· Late effect codes (how late is late?)<br />· Any section of the official guidelines that has multiple instructions (neoplasms, cardiovascular, HIV, etc.)<br />· Fifth digit designations (DM, osteoarthritis)<br />· Complications (confirming causative relationship, correct sequencing)<br />· Identifying infectious organisms<br />· Complicated wounds, crush injuries<br />· Differentiating primary from secondary neoplasms<br />· Symptoms (when it is appropriate to report them separately, inpt vs outpt use)<br />· Specified vs unspecified anemias<br />· Mental disorders (lots of changes for 2005)<br />· CAD if native vs. bypass vessel<br />· Atherosclerosis category 440.2x (explain includes notes)<br />· Cholecystitis (acute, chronic, with/without stones)<br />· OB delivery with problems (multiple codes, causes of obstructed labor)<br /><br />ICD-9-CM Vol III Procedures:<br />· Endoscopic procedures (are there any places left where this approach is not specifically delineated?)<br />· Omit operative approach (laminectomy)<br />· Biopsy vs. excision of lesion<br />· PTCA (what’s included- thrombolytic, what’s not- drug eluting stent)<br />· Heart caths (multiple coding)<br />· Intestinal procedures (excisions, with/without anastomosis)<br />· Fracture repairs with bone grafts<br />· Spinal fusion (multiple coding)<br /><br />CPT:<br />· Excision of lesions<br />· Skin grafts<br />· Breast procedures<br />· Bunionectomy<br />· Hammertoe procedures<br />· Bronchoscopy<br />· Nasal/sinus endoscopy<br />· Arteriovenous fistulas<br />· Central venous access<br />· Laminectomies<br />· Strabismus surgery<br />· Spinal fusion<br />· New procedures for control of epilepsy<br />· CABG<br />· Hemodialysis access<br />· Nissen fundoplasty<br />· Incomplete colonoscopy<br />· Transurethral procedures<br />· Repair of genital prolapse<br />· Scleral buckle or other type of scleral procedure instead of cataractsUnknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-3239988674211844862011-04-12T06:32:00.000-07:002011-04-12T06:50:14.241-07:00Assigning POA (Present on Admission)Be Prepared To Assign POA Indicators.<br /><br />Coders must understand POA indicators and the affect on Medicare reimbursement under IPPS.<br /><br />Reporting related to reporting the Present on Admission (POA) indicator. This column will go into more detail on the reporting requirements for the POA indicator and will also discuss the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) identified Hospital-acquired Conditions (HAC) and their codes that, if not present on admission, will not be considered in determining the MS-DRG assignment.<br /><br /><strong>POA Indicator</strong>:<br /><br />POA is defined as present at the time the order for inpatient admission occurs. The purpose of the POA indicator is to differentiate between conditions present at the time of admission from those conditions that develop during the inpatient admission. Going forward you cannot code a Medicare inpatient case without also assigning the POA indicator. Therefore, coders must become as proficient in the assignment of the POA indicator as they are in capturing complications and comorbidities (CCs) and major CCs (MCCs). <br /><br /><strong>Reporting Requirements</strong>.<br /><br />The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 (DRA) requires that CMS implement the reporting of the POA indicators for all diagnoses reported on Medicare claims for inpatient acute care discharges beginning Oct. 1, 2007. Critical access hospitals, Maryland waiver hospitals, long-term care hospitals, cancer hospitals and children's inpatient facilities are exempt from this requirement.<br /><br />Hospitals that improperly submit the POA indicator for discharges on or after Jan. 1, 2008, will receive remittance advice remark code N36.3 informing them that they failed to report a valid POA indicator: "Alert: in the near future we are implementing new policies/procedures that would affect this determination." According to CMS when you see this remark code on your remittance advice, it is to alert you that there is a problem with your submission of POA.<br /><br />Beginning with discharges on or after April 1, 2008, fiscal intermediaries will return claims to hospitals that do not include a valid POA indicator for each diagnosis on the claim. Hospitals will then have to supply the correct POA indicator and resubmit the claim.<br /><br /><strong>POA Reporting Guidelines</strong>.<br /><br />The POA indicator is required for the principal and all secondary diagnoses to determine whether a selected condition developed during a hospital stay. Specific instructions on how to select and report the correct POA indicator are included in the "ICD-9-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting" and in CMS Transmittal 1240.<br /><br />The POA guidelines are to be used as a supplement to the ICD-9-CM Official Guidelines to facilitate the assignment of the POA indicator for each diagnosis and external cause of injury code reported on the UB-04 and 837 Institutional claim forms. CMS does not require a POA indicator for external cause of injury codes unless they are reported as an "other diagnosis."<br /><br />Conditions that develop during an outpatient encounter, including emergency department, observation or outpatient surgery, are considered as POA. Medical record documentation from any provider involved in the care and treatment of the patient may be used to determine whether a condition was POA or not. In this context, the term provider means a physician or any qualified health care practitioner who can legally establish the patient's diagnosis. <br /><br />A list of categories and codes exempt from POA reporting is provided in the guidelines. These codes are exempt because they represent circumstances that do not represent a current disease or injury or are always POA. <br /><br /><strong>Assigning the POA Indicator</strong>.<br /><br />The POA indicator is reported using one of the following variables:<br /><br />Y = Yes = present at the time of inpatient admission<br />N = No = not present at the time of inpatient admission<br />U = Unknown = the documentation is insufficient to determine if the condition was present at the time of inpatient admission<br />W = Clinically Undetermined = the provider is unable to clinically determine whether the condition was present at the time of inpatient admission or not<br />1 = Unreported/Not used - Exempt from POA reporting - This code is the equivalent code of a blank on the UB-04, however, it was determined that blanks were undesirable when submitting this data via the 4010A1. The "ICD-9-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting" instructs the use of a Blank for reporting the POA for exempt codes. However, Medicare does require that "1" be reported.<br /><br /><strong>When to assign Y </strong><br /><br />Assign Y for any condition the provider explicitly documents as being POA. Assign Y for conditions that were diagnosed prior to admission. For example: hypertension, diabetes mellitus, asthma. Assign Y for conditions diagnosed during the admission that were clearly present but not diagnosed until after admission occurred. Diagnoses subsequently confirmed after admission are considered POA if at the time of admission they are documented as suspected, possible, rule out, differential diagnosis or constitute an underlying cause of a symptom present at admission. Assign Y for any condition that develops during an outpatient encounter prior to a written order for inpatient admission. For example, a patient undergoes outpatient surgery. During the recovery period, the patient develops atrial fibrillation and the patient is subsequently admitted to the hospital as an inpatient. Assign Y on the POA field for the atrial fibrillation because it developed prior to a written order for inpatient admission.<br /><br /><strong>When to assign N </strong><br /><br />Assign N for any condition the provider explicitly documents as not present at the time of admission. For example, a patient is admitted to the hospital for a coronary artery bypass surgery. Postoperatively he developed a pulmonary embolism. Assign N on the POA field for the pulmonary embolism. This is an acute condition that was not POA. If the final diagnosis contains a possible, probable, suspected, or rule out diagnosis, and this diagnosis was based on symptoms or clinical findings that were not POA, assign N.<br /><br /><strong>When to assign U</strong><br /><br />Assign U when the medical record documentation is unclear as to whether the condition was POA. U should not be routinely assigned and should be used only in very limited circumstances. Coders are encouraged to query the providers when the documentation is unclear.<br /><br /><strong>When to assign W</strong><br /><br />Assign W when the medical record documentation indicates that it cannot be clinically determined whether or not the condition was POA. <br /><br /><strong>Combination Codes </strong><br /><br />If the combination code only identifies the chronic condition and not the acute exacerbation assign Y. For example, acute exacrbation of CHF Assign N if any part of the combination code was not POA. For example, obstructive chronic bronchitis with acute exacerbation and the exacerbation was not POA; viral hepatitis B progresses to hepatic coma after admission Assign Y if all parts of the combination code were POA. For example, patient with diabetic nephropathy is admitted with uncontrolled diabetes.<br /><br /><strong>Obstetric Conditions.</strong><br /><br />If the obstetrical code includes more than one diagnosis and any of the diagnoses identified by the code were not POA assign N. For example, pre-eclampsia or eclampsia superimposed on preexisting hypertension assigned with code 642.7X. If the pregnancy complication or obstetrical condition was not POA assign N. For example, patient admitted in active labor. After 12 hours of labor it is noted that the infant is in fetal distress and a Cesarean section is performed. Assign N for the fetal distress.<br /><br /><strong>Perinatal conditions</strong><br /><br />Newborns are not considered to be admitted until after birth. Therefore, any condition present at birth or that developed in utero is considered POA and should be assigned Y. This includes conditions that occur during delivery. For example, injury during delivery and meconium aspiration.<br /><br /><strong>Congenital conditions and anomalies</strong><br /><br />Assign Y for congenital conditions and anomalies. Congenital conditions are always considered POA. For example, congenital hydrocephalus.<br /><br /><strong>Codes exempt from reporting</strong><br /><br />Codes exempt from reporting are listed in the coding guidelines and are reported with the POA indicator of 1. These codes are exempt because the codes do not represent a current disease or injury or are always POA. For example, old MI, late effects of cerebrovascular disease and normal delivery.<br /><br /><strong>Why is POA Important?</strong><br /><br />POA is an important because it helps differentiate between comorbidities and hospital-acquired complications. It is also important because CMS has determined that for some hospital-acquired conditions reimbursement may be affected.<br /><br /><strong>Hospital-acquired Conditions</strong><br /><br />Why is Congress requiring hospitals to go to all the trouble of reporting the POA indicator? The DRA also includes a requirement that by Oct. 1, 2007, Medicare choose at least two conditions that are: High cost, high volume or both Assigned to a higher paying MS-DRG when present as a secondary diagnosis Reasonably preventable through application of evidence-based guidelines.<br /><br />Beginning Oct. 1, 2008, codes representing these conditions will not be considered when calculating the MS-DRG assignment unless they were POA. In many cases, omission of these codes would result in a MS-DRG with a lower payment weight being assigned to the case. As a result, some hospital-acquired conditions could end up costing facilities much more. The POA condition, resulting in lower reimbursement, only applies when the selected conditions are the only CCs or MCCs present on the claim. If any other CC or MCC, not subject to the hospital-acquired infection provision, is present on the claim, the case will continue to be assigned to the higher-paying CC or MCC MS-DRG, and the MS-DRG assignment will not be affected.<br /><br />CMS partnered with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to identify potential high-volume, hospital-acquired conditions that hospitals could have reasonably prevented. Beginning on Oct. 1, 2008, cases with the following conditions will not be paid at a higher rate unless the conditions were POA.<br /><br />1. Serious Preventable Event - Object Left in Surgery: CMS identifies "objects left in during surgery" as a serious preventable event. This means that this event should never occur during the health care encounter. This event is identified by diagnosis code 998.4, Foreign body accidentally left during a procedure.<br /><br />2. Serious Preventable Event - Air Embolism: Air embolisms are also identified as a serious preventable event. This event is reported with diagnosis code 999.1, Complications of medical care, NOS, air embolism.<br /><br />3. Serious Preventable Event - Blood Incompatibility: Although this event is rare, associated charges per case are high. There are prevention guidelines for avoiding the delivery of incompatible blood or blood products and this event should never occur. Blood incompatibility is identified by diagnosis code 999.6, Complications of medical care, NOS ABO incompatibility reaction.<br /><br />4. Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (UTI): Catheter-associated UTIs are the most common hospital-acquired infection, accounting for more than 1 million cases in hospitals and nursing homes nationwide. It is estimated that hospital-acquired UTIs require one extra hospital day per patient at an estimated annual cost of $424 million to $451 million. These conditions are reported with code 996.64 Infection and inflammatory reaction due to indwelling urinary catheter and one of the following UTI codes; 112.2, 590.10, 590.11, 590.2, 590.3, 590.80, 590.81, 590.9, 595.0, 595.3, 595.4, 595.81, 595.89, 595.9, 597.0, 597.80, 599.0.<br /><br />5. Pressure Ulcers: Pressure ulcers, also known as decubitus ulcers, are both a high cost and high volume condition, with more than 322,946 reported cases in FY 2006 with an average hospital charge of $40,381. CMS believes that selection of this condition will result in a closer examination of the patient's skin on admission, resulting in better quality of care. This diagnosis is identified by diagnosis codes 707.00 through 707.09<br /><br />6. Vascular Catheter-Associated Infection: This condition appears to be both high cost and high volume, and there are prevention guidelines available. A new code was created effective Oct.1, 2007, to report this condition, 999.31, Infection due to central venous catheter. <br /><br />7. Surgical Site Infection-Mediastinitis after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) Surgery: In its analysis of FY 2006 discharges, CMS identified 108 cases with a secondary diagnosis of mediastinitis in patients who had CABG surgery. These patients had average hospital charges of more than $300,000. This condition is identified in cases where there is both diagnosis code 519.2, Mediastinitis, and one or more of the CABG procedures codes 36.10 through 36.19 on the same claim.<br /><br />8. Hospital-Acquired Injuries-Fractures, Dislocations, Intracranial Injury, Crushing Injury, Burn and Other Unspecified Effects of External Causes: CMS has not yet determined the codes that will be used to identify these conditons. They will be included in the FY 2009 proposed IPPS rule for comment. <br /><br />Conditions being considered for FY2009CMS also indicated that they are evaluating the following conditions. They may be included in the FY 2009 proposed IPPS rule for comment<br /><br />1. Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP)<br />2. Staphylococcus Aureus Septicemia<br />3. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)/ Pulmonary Embolism (PE).<br /><br />This article only discussed the Medicare requirements for POA and hospital-acquired conditions. There are some state specific requirements regarding the reporting of the POA indicator. To ensure compliance with any state-specific POA reporting requirement it is important to check with the appropriate state hospital association.<br /><br />Take some time now to review in detail the FY 2008 ICD-9-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting related to POA at www.cdc.gov/nchs/datawh/ftpserv/ftpicd9/icdguide07.pdf . You may also want to review the CMS Web site on Hospital-acquired Conditions at www.cms.hhs.gov/HospitalAcqCond/.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com16tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-8512008840018996132011-04-12T06:27:00.000-07:002011-04-12T06:31:37.600-07:00Coding clinics on POA indicatorAHA Coding Clinicâ for ICD-9-CM, 3Q 2008, Volume 25, Number 3, Page 20<br />Notice <br />Section 5001(c) of Pub. L. 109-71 requires the Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services to identify a list of hospital-acquired conditions and to collect information regarding such conditions. The Department of Health and Human Services' Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) has developed a process for hospitals to submit a Present on Admission (POA) indicator with each diagnosis. For more specific instructions on Medicare POA indicator reporting instructions, refer to <br /><br />http://www.cms.hhs.gov/HospitalAcqCond/02_Statute_Regulations_Program_Instructions.asp#TopOfPage<br /><br />The American Hospital Association (AHA) and the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) are collaborating on the design of a mechanism to receive, analyze and respond to questions about POA coding. In the interim, the Cooperating Parties for ICD-9-CM have developed responses to the most frequently asked POA indicator reporting questions.<br /><br />AHA Coding Clinicâ for ICD-9-CM, 1Q 2009, Volume 26, Number 1, Page 19<br />Frequently Asked POA Questions<br /><br />Clarification: Stage II Pressure Progressing to Stage III<br /><br />Question: Coding Clinic Fourth Quarter 2008, page 194 stated that a stage II pressure ulcer, which was present on admission, and progresses to become a stage III pressure ulcer during the stay is reported as “Yes” for the present on admission (POA) indicator. However, the POA indicator is reported for conditions present at the time of inpatient admission. It appears inconsistent to report a Stage III pressure ulcer as present on admission since the pressure ulcer gradually deteriorated during the hospital stay. Could Coding Clinic please clarify this issue for coders and clinical teams that rely on this guidance?<br /><br />Answer: In terms of coding and POA reporting, a pressure ulcer is only coded and reported once at the highest stage. The information published in Coding Clinic Fourth Quarter 2008, page 194, instructing to report a Stage II pressure ulcer that progresses to a Stage III as present on admission is correct. The pressure ulcer was present on admission; therefore, the POA should be yes. This advice is consistent with the National Quality Forum (NQF) endorsed measures. The NQF established a standardized set of serious reportable events also called never events. The list of serious reportable events excludes the progression of a pressure ulcer from stage II to Stage III, if stage II was recognized upon admission. <br /><br />The NQF is an organization created to develop and implement a national strategy for health care quality measurement and reporting. Please refer to the NQF website for additional information about “Serious Reportable Events in Healthcare”:<br />AHA Coding Clinicâ for ICD-9-CM, 3Q 2008, Volume 25, Number 3, Page 20-21<br />Frequently Asked POA Questions<br /><br />Question: We have heard that the documentation of a pressure ulcer has to be completed within two calendar days of admission. Also, we often query the physician post discharge if the coder cannot make the determination of POA with the documentation in the record. Will this process still be allowed in FY 2009?<br /><br />Answer: There is no required timeframe as to when a provider (per the definition of “provider” used in the Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting) must identify or document a condition to be present on admission. In some clinical situations, it may not be possible for a provider to make a definitive diagnosis (or a condition may not be recognized or reported by the patient) for a period of time after admission. If at the time of code assignment, the documentation is unclear as to when a condition developed, it is appropriate to query the physician for clarification.<br /><br />http://www.qualityforum.org/pdf/reports/sre/txsrepublic.pdf<br />AHA Coding Clinicâ forICD-9-CM, 4Q 2008, Volume 25, Number 4, Page 194<br />Frequently Asked POA Questions <br /><br />Question: A patient is admitted to the hospital with a stage II pressure ulcer of the heel. During the hospitalization, the pressure ulcer worsens and becomes a stage III. Based on the new Official Coding Guidelines, we would be assigning the code for the highest stage for that site. What would be the correct POA indicator assignment for the stage III code?<br /><br />Answer: Assign “Y” to the pressure ulcer stage III code since this code is referring to a pressure ulcer that was present on admission rather than a new ulcer.<br /><br />AHA Coding Clinicâ for ICD-9-CM, 1Q 2010,Volume 27, Number 1, Pages 18-19<br />Frequently Asked POA Questions<br /><br />Question: A 70-year-old female with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) was admitted with an acute exacerbation of COPD. The patient presented to the hospital with acute respiratory distress and hypoxia. On day two, she was transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) and placed on mechanical ventilation to treat acute respiratory failure. The patient's respiratory issues were stabilized and the patient was discharged home. What are the appropriate POA indicators?<br /><br />Answer: For coding and reporting purposes, both the COPD exacerbation and the acute respiratory failure would be separately coded.<br />The POA indicator for the acute exacerbation of the COPD is “Y.” If the health record documentation is not clear regarding whether respiratory failure was present on admission, query the provider for clarification. If the provider responds that the respiratory failure developed after admission, assign a POA indicator of “N.” If the provider cannot determine whether the respiratory failure was present on admission, assign a POA indicator of “W.”<br /><br />Question: The patient, a 76-year-old male, presented to the emergency department (ED) with a three-day onset of respiratory distress. In the ED, the patient rapidly deteriorated, developing acute respiratory failure which led to his admission. He was admitted to the intensive care unit of the hospital and placed on mechanical ventilation. The patient was discharged following an uneventful hospital course. What are the POA indicators for this case?<br /><br />Answer: The principal diagnosis would be acute respiratory failure since this was the reason the patient was admitted to the hospital. A separate code for respiratory distress would not be reported.<br />The POA indicator for the acute respiratory failure is “Y” since the acute respiratory failure developed prior to admission. <br /><br />AHA Coding Clinicâ for ICD-9-CM, 3Q 2008, Volume 25, Number 3, Page 21<br />Frequently Asked POA Questions<br /><br />Question: Do we need to assign a POA indicator to E-codes?<br /><br />Answer: While many E codes are exempt from POA reporting (refer to the list of exempt codes on the Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting) and will be reported with an “1” for Medicare, many other E codes will require reporting of the POA indicator if they are reported among the secondary diagnoses. Examples of the code ranges requiring POA reporting are Accidental poisonings by drugs, medical substances and biologicals (E850-E858), and Drugs, medicinal and biological substances causing adverse effects in therapeutic use (E930-E949), among others.<br /> <br />AHA Coding Clinicâ for ICD-9-CM, 2Q 2010, Volume 27, Number 2, Page 14<br />Frequently Asked POA Questions<br /><br />Question: A patient is admitted with a subarachnoid hemorrhage following an injury. At the time of admission there was no mention of loss of consciousness. However, after admission the patient lost consciousness for several hours. We assigned code 852.03, subarachnoid hemorrhage following injury without mention of open intracranial wound, with moderate [1-24 hours] loss of consciousness, as the principal diagnosis. What is the appropriate POA indicator since the patient lost consciousness after admission? <br /><br />Answer: Assign POA indicator “Y” since the injury occurred prior to admission. Loss of consciousness is part of the natural history of the disease process. In addition, the POA guideline governing combination codes does not apply here, since this is not a combination of diagnoses. The skull fracture (800-804) and intracranial injury (850-854) categories are unique, so this advice only applies to these categories.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-23828585867233734902011-04-12T06:23:00.000-07:002011-04-12T06:27:34.826-07:00Medicare ServicesMedicare police given to: <br /><br />A. with People age 65 or older,<br />B. People under age 65 certain disabilities, and<br />C. People of all ages with End-Stage Renal Disease (permanent kidney failure requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant).<br /><br />Medicare has:<br /><br />Part A Hospital Insurance - Most people don't pay a premium for Part A because they or a spouse already paid for it through their payroll taxes while working. Medicare Part A (Hospital Insurance) helps cover inpatient care in hospitals, including critical access hospitals, and skilled nursing facilities (not custodial or long-term care). It also helps cover hospice care and some home health care. Beneficiaries must meet certain conditions to get these benefits.<br /><br />Part B Medical Insurance - Most people pay a monthly premium for Part B. Medicare Part B (Medical Insurance) helps cover doctors' services and outpatient care. It also covers some other medical services that Part A doesn't cover, such as some of the services of physical and occupational therapists, and some home health care. Part B helps pay for these covered services and supplies when they are medically necessary.<br /><br />Prescription Drug Coverage - Most people will pay a monthly premium for this coverage. Starting January 1, 2006, new Medicare prescription drug coverage will be available to everyone with Medicare. Everyone with Medicare can get this coverage that may help lower prescription drug costs and help protect against higher costs in the future. Medicare Prescription Drug Coverage is insurance. Private companies provide the coverage. Beneficiaries choose the drug plan and pay a monthly premium. Like other insurance, if a beneficiary decides not to enroll in a drug plan when they are first eligible, they may pay a penalty if they choose to join later.<br />Two types:<br /><br />1. Medicare part A.<br /><br />2. Medicare part B.<br /><br />Medicare part A: Medicare Part A (Hospital Insurance) helps cover inpatient care in hospitals, including critical access hospitals, and skilled nursing facilities (not custodial or long-term care). It also helps cover hospice care and some home health care. Certain conditions must be met to get these benefits.<br />Cost: Most people don’t have to pay a monthly payment, called a premium, for Part A. This is because they or a spouse paid Medicare taxes while working. If a beneficiary doesn't get premium-free Part A, they may be able to buy it if they (or their spouse) aren’t entitled to Social Security, because they didn’t work or didn’t pay enough Medicare taxes while<br />working, are age 65 or older, or are disabled but no longer get free Part A because they returned to work.<br />If they have limited income and resources, their state may help them pay for Part A.<br /><br />Medicare part B: Medicare Part B (Medical Insurance) helps cover doctors’ services and outpatient care. It also covers some other medical services that Part A doesn’t cover, such as some of the services of physical and occupational therapists, and some home health care. Part B helps pay for these covered services and supplies when they are medically necessary.<br />Cost: The Medicare Part B premium each month ($78.20 per month in 2005). In some cases, this amount may be higher if the beneficiary didn’t sign up for Part B when they first became eligible.<br />Caution: If the beneficiary didn’t take Part B when they were first eligible, the cost of Part B will go up 10% for each full 12-month period that they could have had Part B but didn’t sign up for it, except in special cases. They will have to pay this penalty as long as they have Part B.<br />They also pay a Part B deductible each year before Medicare starts to pay its share. The Part B deductible for 2005 is $110.00. The beneficiary may be able to get help from their state to pay this premium and deductible.<br />Medicare deductible and premium rates may change every year in January.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-76340985732504089632011-03-04T22:31:00.000-08:002011-03-04T22:36:22.274-08:00CCS Exam<div>The CCS (Certified coding specialist) exam of AHIMA is conducted through Pearson VUE authorised test centers from January 2011.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-48618362136267763662011-03-04T22:28:00.000-08:002011-03-04T22:31:29.399-08:00Medicare Screening ColonoscopyWhen a Medicare patient has come for screening colonoscpy and it has turned to therapeutic procedure, no G code is given. A PT modifier is appended to the CPT 4 code.<br /><br />For example:<br />A medicare patient came for screening colonoscopy and a polyp was found and removed, then it is coded as 45380-PT.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-71521547998117716082011-03-04T22:22:00.000-08:002011-03-04T22:27:34.074-08:00Medical Coding Companies in HyderabadMedical Coding industry is growing vastly now. Many of the major MNCs have been entering in the healthcare industry and particulary into the Revenue Cycle Management Process, which includes medical coding. Some of the Medical Coding companies at Hyderabad India are:<br /><br />Apollo Healthcare<br />Omega Health IT Solutions<br />Phycare Solutions<br />Elico<br />Genpact<br />Cognizant<br />Conjoin Group<br />Aegis<br /><br />Expecting more MNCs will be into the field soon and this is a good career to choose.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-16683926391244514902010-01-12T02:40:00.000-08:002010-02-08T06:05:00.825-08:00How to Code Colonoscopy<div align="justify">Colonoscopy is the examination of the entire colon from the rectum to<br />cecum. A colonoscope is inserted in the anus and moved through the<br />colon past the splenic flexure in order to visualize the lumen of<br />rectum and colon.</div><div align="justify"><br />Always a surgical endoscopy includes a diagnotic endoscopy.</div><div align="justify"><br />For an incomplete colonoscopy, with full preparation for a colonoscopy,<br />use a colonoscopy code with the modifier 52 and provide information.</div><div align="justify"><br />A diagnostic colonoscopy is a screening of the colon for any<br />abnormalities without performing any procedure.</div><div align="justify"><br />A colonoscopy with biopsy, polypectomy, or any removal of foreign body<br />or any other intervention is not considered as diagnostic colonoscopy.</div><div align="justify"><br />Colonoscopy Codes:</div><div align="justify"><br />45378 Diagnostic/screening colonoscopy for non-medicare patients.<br />G0105 Screening Colonoscopy for medicare high risk patients<br />G0121 Screening colonoscpy for other medicare patients.<br />Colonoscopy with other procedures.<br />45379 Colonoscopy with removal of foreign body.<br />45380 Colonoscopy with biopsy single/multiple.<br />45381 Colonoscopy with directed submucosal injection.<br />45382 Colonoscopy with control of bleeding.</div><div align="justify"><br />Polyps or lesions are removed by hot biospy, cold biopsy, and snare<br />techniques. Depending on the technique the codes are differentiated.</div><div align="justify"><br />45383 Colonoscopy with ablation of tumors, polyps, or other lesions not<br />amenable to removal by hot biopsy forceps.<br />45384 removal of polps or other lesions by hot biopsy<br />45385 removal of polyps or lesions by snare technique.</div><div align="justify"><br />Meta tags: Colonoscopy coding, CPT coding </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-88645685781707599082010-01-04T07:10:00.001-08:002010-01-04T07:10:48.522-08:00Medical Abbreviations (U-Z)-Useful for Coding and TranscriptionU&C, urethral and cervical.<br />U&C, usual and customary.<br />U&Es, urea and electrolytes<br />U, congenital limb absence.<br />U, in electrocardiography, an undulating deflection that follows the T wave.<br />U, internal energy.<br />U, International Unit of enzyme activity.<br />U, Mann-Whitney rank sum statistic.<br />U, potential difference (in volts).<br />U, ulcer.<br />U, ulna.<br />U, ultralente (insulin).<br />U, umbilicus.<br />U, uncertain.<br />U, unerupted.<br />u, unified atomic mass unit.<br />U, unit.<br />U, universial application (residency).<br />U, unknown.<br />U, unsharpness.<br />U, upper.<br />U, uracil.<br />U, uranium.<br />U, urea.<br />U, urethra.<br />U, uridine.<br />U, uridylic acid.<br />U, urinary concentration.<br />U, urine.<br />U, urology.<br />U, uterus.<br />U, uvula.<br />u, velocity.<br />U, volume velocity.<br />U/2, upper half.<br />U/3, upper third.<br />U/A, uric acid.<br />U/A, urinalysis.<br />u/ext, upper extremity.<br />U/S, ultrasound.<br />UA, absorption unsharpness.<br />UA, ultra-audible.<br />UA, ultrasonic arteriography.<br />UA, umbilical artery.<br />UA, unauthorized absence.<br />UA, unit of analysis.<br />UA, unstable angina.<br />UA, upper airways.<br />UA, upper arm.<br />UA, uric acid.<br />UA, uridylic acid.<br />UA, urinalysis, urine analysis.<br />ua, urinalysis.<br />UA, urinary aldosterone.<br />UA, uronic acid.<br />UA, uterine aspiration.<br />UA/C, uric acidlcreatinine (ratio).<br />UAC, umbilical artery catheter.<br />UAE, unilateral absence of excretion.<br />UAE, urine albumin excretion.<br />UAEM, University Association for Emergency Medicine.<br />UAI, uterine activity interval.<br />U-AMY, urinary amylase.<br />UAN, uric acid nitrogen.<br />UAO, upper airway obstruction.<br />UAP, unlicensed assistive personnel.<br />UAP, unstable angina pectoris.<br />UAP, urinary acid phosphatase.<br />UAP, urinary alkaline phosphatase.<br />UAPA, unilateral absence of pulmonary.<br />UAR, upper airway resistance.<br />UAR, uric acid riboside.<br />UAS, upper abdomen surgery.<br />UAS, upstream activation site.<br />UASA, <a href="http://www.oandp.com/organiza/uasa/index.htm">United Amputee Services Association</a>.<br />UAU, uterine activity unit.<br />UB, ultimobranchial body.<br />UB, Unna boot.<br />UB, upper back.<br />UB, urinary bladder.<br />UBA, undenaturated bacterial antigen.<br />UBB, ubiquitin B.<br />UBBC, unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity.<br />UBC, ubuquitin C.<br />UBC, University of British Columbia (brace).<br />UBE, ubiquitin-activating enzyme.<br />UBG, Ubg urobilinogen.<br />UBI, ultraviolet blood irradiation.<br />UBL, undifferentiated B-cell lymphoma.<br />UBN, urobilin.<br />UBO, unidentified bright object.<br />UBO, upper body obesity.<br />UBP, ureteral back pressure.<br />UBS, unidentified bright signal.<br />UBW, usual body weight.<br />UC, ulcerative colitis.<br />UC, ultracentrifugal.<br />UC, umbilical cord.<br />UC, unchanged.<br />UC, unclassifiable.<br />UC, unconscious.<br />UC, undifferentiated cells.<br />UC, unit clerk.<br />UC, unsatisfactory condition.<br />UC, untreated cells.<br />UC, urea clearance.<br />UC, urethral catheterization.<br />UC, urinary catheter.<br />UC, urine concentrate.<br />UC, urine culture.<br />UC, uterine contractions<br />UCB, unconjugated bilirubin.<br />UCBC, umbilical cord blood culture.<br />UCD, urine collection device.<br />UCD, usual childhood diseases.<br />UCDS, uniform clinical data set.<br />UCE, urea cycle enzymopathy.<br />UCG, ultrasonic cardiography.<br />UCG, urinary chorionic gonadotropin.<br />UCHD, usual childhood diseases.<br />UCI, unusual childhood illness.<br />UCI, urethral catheter in.<br />UCI, urinary catheter in.<br />UCL, ulnar collateral ligament.<br />UCL, upper collateral ligament.<br />UCL, upper confidence limit.<br />UCL, upper control limit.<br />UCL, urea clearance.<br />UCLP, unilateral cleft of lip and palate.<br />UCO, ultrasonic cardiac output.<br />UCOD, underlying cause of death.<br />UCP, uncoupling protein.<br />UCP, urinary coproporphyrin.<br />UCP, urinary C-peptide.<br />UCPT, urinary coproporphyrin test.<br />UCR, unconditioned response.<br />UCR, usual, customary, and reasonable (fees).<br />UCS, unconditioned stimulus.<br />UCS, unconscious.<br />ucs, unconscious.<br />UCS, uterine compression syndrome.<br />UCT, urological care table.<br />UCTD, undifferentiated (unclassifiable) connective tissue disease.<br />uCTD, undifferentiated connective tissue disease.<br />UCV, uncontrolled variable.<br />UD, ulcerative dermatosis.<br />UD, ulnar deviation.<br />UD, underdeveloped.<br />UD, undetermined.<br />UD, unit dose.<br />UD, urethral dilatation.<br />UD, urethral discharge.<br />UD, uridine diphosphate.<br />UD, uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase.<br />UD, uterine delivery.<br />UDC, usual diseases of childhood.<br />UDCA, ursodeoxycholic acid.<br />UDKase, uridine diphosphate kinase.<br />UDN, ulcerative dermal necrosis.<br />UDO, undetermined origin.<br />UDP, uridine diphosphate.<br />UDPG, uridine diphosphate glucose.<br />UDPG, urine diphosphoglucose.<br />UDPGA, uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid.<br />UDPGT, uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase.<br />UDR-BMD, ultradistal radius bone mineral density.<br />UDRP, urine diribose phosphate.<br />UDS, ultrasound Doppler sonography.<br />UDS, uniform data system.<br />UDS, unscheduled deoxynucleic acid synthesis.<br />UDUN, under developed under nourished.<br />UE, (extremitas) upper extremity.<br />UE, uncertain etiology.<br />UE, under elbow.<br />UE, uninvolved epidermis.<br />UE, upper esophagus.<br />UE, upper extremity.<br />uE~, unconjugated estriol.<br />UEG, ultrasonic encephalography.<br />UEG, unifocal eosinophilic granuloma.<br />UEHB, uniform effective health benefits.<br />UEL, upper explosive limit.<br />UEM, universal electron microscope.<br />UEMC, unidentified endosteal marrow cell.<br />UES, upper esophageal sphincter.<br />UES, upper esophageal sphincter.<br />UF, film unshapness.<br />UF, ultrafiltration.<br />UF, ultrafine.<br />UF, ultraflltrate.<br />UF, ultrasonic frequency.<br />UF, universal feeder.<br />UF, unknown factor.<br />UF, urinary formaldehyde.<br />UFA, unesterifled fatty acid.<br />UFB, urinary fat bodies.<br />UFC, urinary free cortisol.<br />UFD, ultrasonic flow detector.<br />UFD, unilateral facet dislocation.<br />UFFI, urea formaldehyde foam insulation.<br />UFL, upper flammable limit.<br />UFP, ultrafiltration pressure.<br />UFR, ultrafiltration rate.<br />UFR, urine filtration rate.<br />uFSH, urinary follicle-stimulating hormone.<br />UG, geometric unsharpness.<br />UG, urogastrone.<br />UG, urogenital.<br />UGD, urogenital diaphragm.<br />UGDP, University Group Diabetes Project.<br />UGF, unidentified growth factor.<br />UGH, uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema (syndrome).<br />UGH+, uveitis-glaucoma-hyphema plus vitreous hemorrhage (syndrome).<br />UGI, (see GI) upper gastrointestinal.<br />UGIB, upper gastrointestinal biopsy.<br />UGIB, upper gastrointestinal bleeding.<br />UGIH, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.<br />UGIS, upper gastrointestinal series.<br />UGT, uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase.<br />UH, 82 universal billing document (1982).<br />UH, unfractionated heparin.<br />UHDPE, ultra-high-density-polyethylene.<br />UHF, ultra high frequency<br />UHF, uterine blood flow.<br />UHMWPE, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene.<br />UICC, <a href="http://www.uicc.org/">Union Internationale Contre le Cancer - International Union Against Cancer</a>.<br />UIP, usual interstitial pneumonia.<br />ULN, upper limits of normal.<br />ULQ, upper left quadrant.<br />ultra , ultrasound.<br />umb., umbilicus (navel).<br />UMN, upper motor neuron (signs).<br />UNDP, United Nations Development Program.<br />UN-E, ulnar neuropathy at the elbow.<br />UNFPA, United Nations Family Planning Association.<br />ung, ointment.<br />UNK, unknown.<br />UO, urethral catheter out.<br />UO, urinary catheter out.<br />UP, ultrafilterable platinum.<br />UP, unipolar.<br />UPJ, ureteropelvic junction.<br />UPOJ, <a href="http://www.med.upenn.edu/ortho/oj/">University of Pennsylvania Orthopaedic Journal</a>.<br />UPR, unfolded protein response.<br />UPR, unipolar recurrent depression.<br />UPr/C, urine protein-to-creatinine ratios.<br />UPSI, unprotected sexual intercourse.<br />UPT, urinary pregnancy test.<br />ur., urine.<br />URI, upper respiratory tract infection.<br />Urol., urology.<br />URQ, upper right quadrant.<br />URTI, upper respiratory tract infection.<br />US, ultrasound.<br />USAN, United States Adopted Names.<br />USDA, US Department of Agriculture.<br />USH, usual state of health.<br />USP, US pharmacopeea.<br />USPHS, United States Public Health Service.<br />UST, ultrasound therapy.<br />UTD, up to date.<br />UTI, urinary tract infection.<br />UUA, urokinase urine activity.<br />UV, ultraviolet.<br />UVJ, ureterovesical junction.<br />UVR, ultra violet radiation.<br />UWUN, underweight under nourished.<br /><br />V, venous invasion.<br />V/Q, <a href="http://www.graylab.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?vq+scan">ventilation/perfusion</a>.<br />V2, second compartment volume.<br />V3, third compartment volume.<br />VA, alveolar volume.<br />VA, valproic acid.<br />VA, <a href="http://www.va.gov/">Veterans Administration (US)</a>.<br />VA, visual acuity.<br />VAC, ventriculoatrial conduction.<br />VACTERL syndrome, abnormalities of vertebrae, anus, cardiovascular tree, trachea, esophagus, renal system, and limb buds associated with administration of sex steroids during early pregnancy.<br />VaD, vascular dementia.<br />VAD, ventricular assist device.<br />VAD, vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone.<br />VAERS, Vaccine Adverse Events Reporting System (FDA).<br />VAHS, virus-associated hemophagocytic syndrome.<br />VAS, vibroacoustic stimulation.<br />VAS, visual analogue scale.<br />VATER, vertebral defects, anal atresia, tracheoesophageal fistula with esophageal atresia, and radial and renal anomalies.<br />VATS, video-assisted thoracic surgery.<br />VB, B chain variable (gene segments of T-cell receptor).<br />VBD, vertebral bone density.<br />VBG, venous blood gas.<br />VBH, Vogele-Bale-Hohner head holder.<br />VC, colored vision.<br />VC, vital capacity.<br />VCA, viral capsid antien (in EBV-IM).<br />VCAM, vascular cell adhesion molecule (endothelial cell adhesion molecule).<br />VCAM-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.<br />VCE smear, a cytologic smear of material obtained from the vagina, ectocervix, and endocervix.<br />VCE, vaginal administration of conjugated equine estrogens.<br />VCFS, velocardiofacial syndrome.<br />VCU, voiding cystourethrogram.<br />VCUG, voiding cystourethrogram.<br />VD, venereal disease.<br />VD, vessel diameter.<br />VD-GC, vacuum distillation gas chromatography.<br />VDRL, Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (test for syphilis).<br />VEF, ventricular ejection fraction.<br />VEGF, vascular endothelial cell growth factor.<br />VEP, visually evoked potentials.<br />VER, visual evoked response.<br />VF, ventricular fibrillation.<br />VF, ventricular flutter.<br />VF, visual field, field of vision.<br />VFC, Vaccines for Children program.<br />Vfib, Ventricular fibrillation.<br />VHA, <a href="http://www.va.gov/health/index.htm">Veterans Health Administration (US)</a>.<br />VHD, ventricular heart disease.<br />VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide.<br />VISI, volar intercalary wrist instability.<br />VLDL, very low density lipoprotein.<br />VLH, ventrolateral hypothalamus.<br />VLO, ventrolateral outflow.<br />VM, ventricular muscle.<br />VM-26, Teniposide (anti cancer drug)<br />VMA, vanillylmandelic acid (urine levels concordant to serum catecholamine levels).<br />VMCH, Vinyl acetate - maleic acid - vinyl chloride copolymer.<br />VMO, vastus medialis obliquus (a muscle).<br />VMO, visiting medical officer.<br />vo, verbal order.<br />VP-16, Etoposide (anti cancer drug).<br />VPC, ventricular premature contractions.<br />VPF, vascular permeability factor.<br />VPL, ventral posterolateral.<br />VPM, ventral posteromedial.<br />VPPIM, Vinyl polysiloxane putty impression material.<br />VPRC, volume packed red cells.<br />VQ, (scan), <a href="http://www.graylab.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?vq+scan">ventilation/perfusion scan</a>.<br />VRE, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus.<br />VRO, vertical ramus osteotomy.<br />vs, visit.<br />VS, vs, vital signs.<br />VSA, vital signs absent.<br />VSD, ventricular septal defect.<br />VSO, vertical sagittal split osteotomy.<br />VSP, variable screw placement.<br />VSS, vital signs stable.<br />VT, tidal volume.<br />VT, ventricular tachycardia.<br />VTE, venous thromboembolism.<br />VTEC, verotoxin producing enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.<br />VTNR, vessel-to-tissue noise ratio.<br />VTP, velocity/time profile.<br />VV, varicose veins.<br />VWD, von Willebrand Disease.<br />VWF, von Willebrand factor.<br />VZIG, varicella-zoster immune globulin.<br />VZV, varicella-zoster virus.<br /><br />w.b.c., WBC, white blood cell, white blood cell count.<br />w/, with.<br />w/a, when awake.<br />w/c, wheelchair.<br />w/o, without.<br />w/v, weight by volume.<br />WAIS, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.<br />WB, Western blot.<br />WBAA, whole blood acetaldehyde assay.<br />WBAT, weight bearing as tolerated.<br />WBC, white blood cell/count.<br />WBS, skin wound breaking strength.<br />WC, white cells.<br />WC, white collar.<br />WC, whole cell.<br />WC/rCTB, whole cell/recombinant B subunit cholera vaccine.<br />WC-2, White Carneau pigeons.<br />WCC, white cell count<br />WCI, <a href="http://www.whc.mhg.edu/wci_index.html">Washington Cancer Institute</a>.<br />WD, well-developed.<br />WDE, wound dressing emulsion.<br />WDWN, well-developed well-nourished.<br />W-E, wide excision<br />WF, W/F, white female.<br />WFL, Wistaria floribunda.<br />WFL, within functional limits.<br />WG, Wegener’s granulomatosis.<br />WHO, <a href="http://www.who.ch/">World Health Organization</a>.<br />Whp, whirlpool.<br />WIC, Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children.<br />WISC, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.<br />wk., week.<br />WLT, Warthin-like papillary carcinoma of the thyroid.<br />WM, W/M, white male<br />WM, Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia.<br />W-MPP, water MPP (multipurpose phantoms).<br />WN, well-nourished.<br />WN, West Nile virus.<br />WNL, within normal limits.<br />WOA, <a href="http://www.woa-assn.org/">Western Orthopaedic Association</a>.<br />WOC, <a href="http://www.worldortho.com/woc.html">World Orthopaedic Concern</a>.<br />Wow, Weakener of white (a locus is described in Drosophila melanogaster that modifies the expression of the white eye color gene).<br />WOW-1, a novel monovalent ligand-mimetic antibody.<br />WPD, warm, pink, dry (skin signs).<br />WPOA, Western Pacific Orthopaedic Association <a href="http://www.worldortho.com/wpoa.html">(Australian Chapter)</a>.<br />WRT, with relation to.<br />WSCA, <a href="http://www.chirohealth.org/">Washington State Chiropractic Association</a>.<br />wt, weight.<br />WTO, World Trade Organization.<br />WW, white woman.<br /><br />X, multiplied by, times.<br />XIP, x-ray in plaster.<br />XLD, xylose lysine deoxycholate agar.<br />XP, xeroderma pigmentosa.<br />XR, x-ray.<br />XRD, x-ray diffraction.<br />XRN, X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis.<br />XRT, radiotherapy.<br />XT, exotropia.<br />XX, female sex chromosome.<br />XY, male sex chromosome.<br /><br />y, classification after initial multimodal treatment.<br />Y, Y chromosome.<br />Y, yttrium, tyrosine, pyrimidine nucleoside.<br />Y, Yttrium.<br />y/o, years old.<br />Y-90, Yttrium 90.<br />YAC, yeast artificial chromosome.<br />YAG, yttrium-aluminum-garnet (laser).<br />Yb, ytterbium.<br />Yd., yard.<br />YES, Youth Exchange Scheme.<br />YFEC, Youth Forum of the European Communities.<br />yoa, years of age.<br />YOB, year of birth.<br />YPLL, years of potential life lost.<br />Yr, year.<br />yr., year.<br />YRBS, Youth Risk Behaviour Survey.<br />YST, Yolk sac tumor.<br />YVS, Yorkshire Veterinary Society (UK).<br /><br />ZAI, Zero Administrative Initiative.<br />ZAP-70, tyrosine kinase involved in signal transduction.<br />ZBB, Zero Base Budgeting.<br />ZDV, Zidovudine.<br />ZEEP, zero end-expiratory pressure.<br />ZFW, Health insurance sickness scheme for employees (Netherlands).<br />ZIF, Zero Insertion Force.<br />ZIFT, Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer.<br />ZIG, zoster immune globulin.<br />ZIP, Zigzag In-line Package.<br />ZIP, Zoster Immune Plasma.<br />ZL, Central Laboratory of Pharmacists (Germany).<br />Zn, zinc.<br />Zr, zirconium.<br />ZSE, Zoological Spongiform Encephalopathy.<br />ZSL, Zoological Society of London.<br />ZSR, zeta sedimentation rate.<br />ZZ, ZZ genotype (deficiency of a 1-antitrypsin).Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-22260990286065043192010-01-04T07:09:00.000-08:002010-01-04T07:10:05.748-08:00Medical Abbreviations (Q, R, S, T)- Useful for coding and Transcriptionq, (Lat. quaque) - each or every.<br />q.d., qd, (quaque in die) once a day, every day<br />q.h., qh, every hour<br />q.i.d., qid, four times a day<br />q.o.d., every other day<br />q.s., quantity sufficient<br />Q2H, every two hours.<br />QA, quality assurance.<br />QA/QC, quality assurance/quality control.<br />QALY, quality-adjusted life year.<br />QAM, qam, every morning.<br />QAR, quantitative autoradiography.<br />QC, quality control.<br />QCA, quantitative coronary angiography.<br />QCT, quantitative computed tomography.<br />QD, every day.<br />QH, every hour.<br />qhs, every night at bedtime.<br />QID, four times a day.<br />QM, qm, every morning.<br />QMI, Q-wave myocardial infarction.<br />QMT, quantitative muscle testing.<br />QN, qn, quaque nox - every night.<br />QNS, qns, quantity not sufficient.<br />QOD, every other day.<br />QOH, every other hour.<br />QoL, quality of life.<br />QON, every other night.<br />QP, as much as desired; at will.<br />QPM, every afternoon.<br />qqh, every four hours (Lat. quaque quarta hora).<br />QS, qs, sufficient quantity.<br />QT, quantity; quart; quiet.<br />qt., quart.<br />QV, as much as desired.<br /><br />R, rectal.<br />R, residual tumor after treatment.<br />R, respiration (also resp).<br />R, right.<br />R, roentgen.<br />R.D., registered dietician.<br />R.P.R., rpr, rapid plasma reagin.<br />R.R., recovery room.<br />R/O, rule out.<br />R/s, roentgens per second.<br />R/T, related to.<br />R2R , Reach to Recovery ACS program.<br />RA, refractory anemia.<br />RA, rheumatoid arthritis.<br />RA, right atrium.<br />RACS, <a href="http://www.racs.edu.au/">Royal Australasian College of Surgeons</a>.<br />rad , radiotherapy.<br />rad, radiation absorbed dose.<br />RAEB, refractory anemia with excess blasts.<br />RAI, radioactive iodine uptake.<br />RAIU, radioactive iodine uptake.<br />RAP, right atrial pressure.<br />RAPD, relative afferent pupillary defect.<br />RAR-ά , retinoic acid receptor-alpha (gene on chromosome 17).<br />RAS, renin-angiotensin system.<br />RAST, serum radioallergosorbent test (test for milk sensitivity).<br />RATx, radiation therapy<br />RBBB, right bundle branch block.<br />RBC, red blood cells/count.<br />RBE, relative biological effects.<br />RBF, renal blood flow.<br />RBILD, respiratory bronchiolotis interstitial lyng disease.<br />RBWC, randomly bred White Carneau pigeons.<br />RCA, right coronary artery.<br />RCA1, Ricinus communis agglutinin.<br />rCBF, regional cerebral blood flow.<br />RCM, right costal margin.<br />RCMD, refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia.<br />RCMI, red blood cell morphologic index.<br />RCP, Royal College of Physicians.<br />RCPSC, <a href="http://rcpsc.medical.org/public/indexeng.html">Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada</a>.<br />RCR, respiratory control ratio.<br />RCSED, <a href="http://www.rcsed.ac.uk/">Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh</a>.<br />RCSENG, <a href="http://www.rcseng.ac.uk/">Royal College of Surgeons of England</a>.<br />RCSI, <a href="http://www.rcsi.ie/">Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland</a>.<br />RCT, randomized controlled trial.<br />RD, respiratory disease.<br />RDA, recommended dietary allowance.<br />RDS, respiratory distress syndrome.<br />RDW, red cell distribution width.<br />RE, right eye.<br />re:, regarding.<br />REAL, Revised European American Classification.<br />Reg, regular.<br />Reg., registrar.<br />REL, release.<br />REM, rapid eye movement.<br />REP, repair.<br />REPS, repetitions.<br />RES, reticuloendothelial system.<br />RESNA, <a href="http://www.resna.org/">Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North American</a>.<br />Resp, respiration, respiratory.<br />REV, Reticuloendotheliosis virus.<br />RF, rheumatic fever, rheumatoid factor.<br />RFA, radiofrequency ablation.<br />RFA, ratio of fat area.<br />RFFIT, rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test.<br />RFI, renal failure index: UNa/(UCr/PCr).<br />RFLP, restriction-fragment length polymorphism.<br />RFS, relapse free survival.<br />RGD, arginine-glycine-asparagine (aminoacid sequence responsible for cell-binding properties of fibronectin, vitronectin, fibrinogen, laminin, collagen).<br />RGO, reciprocating gait orthosis.<br />Rh neg. (Rh-), Rhesus factor negative.<br />Rh pos. (Rh+), Rhesus factor positive.<br />RH, relative humidity.<br />RH, Reproductive Health.<br />Rh, Rhesus (monkey) factor.<br />rhBMP-2, recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein.<br />RHD, rheumatic heart disease.<br />RI, resistive index.<br />RI, reticulocyte index = (%reticulocyte x pt Hct)/45 x (1/shift correction factor); (shift correction factor = 1.5 for Hct 35%; 2 for Hct 25%; 2.5 for Hct 15%); if RI <2% = hypoproliferative anemia, if RI 2% = excessive destruction or loss.<br />RIA, radioimmunoassay.<br />RICE, rest, ice, compression, and elevation.<br />RIND, reversible ischemic neurologic deficit.<br />RIS, Risperidone.<br />RJOS, <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/rjos/rjoshome.htm">Ruth Jackson Orthopaedic Society</a> (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/specsoc.htm">AAOS Specialty Societies</a>).<br />RK, rabbit kidney.<br />RL, right lateral.<br />RLA, Resident Legal Advisor.<br />RLD, reference lumen diameter.<br />RLE, rabbit limbal epithelial.<br />RLE, rabbit liver esterase.<br />RLE, rat liver epithelial cells.<br />RLE, rat lung epithelial cells.<br />RLFP, <a href="http://www.medsurf.com/rlfp/">remaining lifetime fracture probability</a>.<br />RLL, right lower lobe (lung).<br />RLQ, right lower quadrant (abdomen).<br />RM, routine maintenance.<br />RMA, refuse/s medical assistance.<br />RML, right middle lobe (lung); right mediolateral.<br />RMR, resting metabolic rate.<br />RN, registered nurse.<br />RNA, ribonucleic acid.<br />RO, rule out.<br />ROA, right occiput anterior.<br />ROC, receiver operating curve analysis.<br />ROD, removal of drain.<br />ROI, region of interest.<br />ROM, range of motion (of joint).<br />ROMI, Rating of Medication Influences scale (psychiatry).<br />ROMI, rule-out myocardial infarction.<br />ROP, retinopathy of prematurity.<br />ROP, right occiput posterior.<br />ROS, removal of sutures.<br />ROS, review of symptoms.<br />ROS, review of systems.<br />ROT, right occiput transverse<br />ROT, rule of thumb.<br />RP, red pulp.<br />RP, retrograde pyelogram.<br />RPD, ERP dispersion.<br />RPE, retinal pigment epithelium.<br />RPGN, rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.<br />RPI, reticulocyte production index.<br />RPP, rate pressure product.<br />RPR, rapid plasma reagin.<br />RPT, register physical therapy.<br />RR, relative risk.<br />RR, respiratory rate.<br />RR, risk ratio.<br />RRF, residual renal function.<br />RRMS, relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis.<br />RROM, resistive range of motion.<br />RROSR, RoundupReady* oilseed rape.<br />RRR, regular rate and rhythm.<br />RRT, random response technique.<br />RRT, Registered Respiratory Therapist.<br />RRT, relative retention time.<br />RRU, respiratory resistance unit.<br />RRV-TV, rhesus rotavirus vaccine-tetravalent.<br />RS, radioscaphoid.<br />RS, random sample.<br />RS, rating schedule.<br />Rs, Rauwolfia serpentina.<br />RS, Raynaud syndrome.<br />RS, recipient’s serum.<br />RS, reclassification sensitivity.<br />RS, rectal sinus.<br />RS, rectal suppository.<br />RS, rectosigmoid.<br />RS, reducing substance.<br />RS, Reed-Sternberg cells characteristic for Hodgkin’s disease.<br />RS, reinforcing stimulus.<br />RS, Reiter syndrome.<br />RS, relative stimulus.<br />RS, renal specialist.<br />RS, respiratory syncytial (virus).<br />RS, response to stimulus.<br />RS, resting subject.<br />RS, reticulated siderocyte.<br />RS, retinoschisis.<br />RS, Rett syndrome.<br />RS, review of symptoms.<br />RS, Reye syndrome.<br />RS, Richter's syndrome (transformation of CLL in DLCL).<br />RS, right sacrum.<br />RS, right septum.<br />RS, right side.<br />RS, right stellate (ganglion).<br />RS, Ringer solution.<br />RS, Roberts syndrome.<br />RS, Rous sarcoma.<br />Rs, systemic resistance.<br />RS3PE, remitting seronegative symmetrical synovitis with pitting edema.<br />RSA, rabbit serum albumin.<br />RSA, regular spiking activity.<br />RSA, relative specific activity.<br />RSA, relative standard accuracy.<br />RSA, reticulum cell sarcoma.<br />RSA, right sacroanterior (fetal position).<br />RSA, right subclavian artery.<br />RSA, roentgenographic stereogrammetric analysis.<br />Rsa, systemic arterial resistance.<br />RSB, Rapid Shallow Breathing Index.<br />RSB, rectal suction biopsy.<br />RSB, recurrent sinus barotrauma.<br />RSB, reticulocyte standard buffer.<br />RSB, retinal Schiff base.<br />RSB, right sternal border.<br />RSB, roasted soybeans.<br />RSC, rat spleen cell.<br />RSC, rested state contraction.<br />RSC, reversible sickle-cell.<br />RSC, right subclavian.<br />RScA, right scapuloanterior (fetal position).<br />RSCN, Registered Sick Children’s Nurse.<br />RScP, right scapuloposterior (fetal position).<br />RSD, reflex sympathetic dystrophy.<br />RSD, relative standard deviation (Srel).<br />RSDS, reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome.<br />RSE, rapid spin-echo.<br />RSEP, right somatosensory evoked potential.<br />RSES, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale.<br />RSH, Royal Society of Health.<br />RSI, rapid sequence induction.<br />RSI, rapid sequence intubation.<br />RSI, repetition strain injury.<br />RSIC, Radiation Shielding Information Center.<br />R-SIRS, Revised Seriousness of Illness Rating Scale.<br />RSJVP, rapid-sequence intravenous pyelography.<br />RSL, radioscapholunate ligament.<br />RSL, right sacrolateral (fetal position).<br />RSLD, repair of sublethal damage.<br />RSM, restriction site mutation.<br />RSM, risk screening model.<br />RSM, Royal Society of Medicine.<br />RSMR, relative standard mortality rate.<br />RSN, restin.<br />RSN, right substantia nigra.<br />RSNA , <a href="http://www.rsna.org/">Radiological Society of North America</a>.<br />RSO, radiation safety officer.<br />RSO, Resident Surgical Officer.<br />RSO, right superior oblique (muscle).<br />rSO2, regional oxygen saturation.<br />RSP, removable silicone plug.<br />RSP, ribose-5-phosphatase.<br />RSP, right sacroposterior (fetal position).<br />RSPCA, Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.<br />RSPH, Royal Society for the Promotion of Health.<br />RSPK, recurrent spontaneous psychokinesis.<br />rSr, an electrocardiographic complex.<br />RSR, regular sinus rhythm.<br />RSR, relative survival rate.<br />RSR, right superior rectus (muscle).<br />RSS, rat stomach strip.<br />RSS, rectosigmoidoscopy.<br />RSS, Russell-Silver syndrome.<br />RSSE, Russian spring-sununer encephalitis.<br />RSSR, relative slow sinus rate.<br />RST, radiosensitivity test.<br />RST, reagin screen test.<br />RST, right sacrotransverse (fetal position).<br />RST, rubrospinal tract.<br />RSTI, Radiological Service Training Institute.<br />RSTL, relaxed skin tension lines.<br />RSTMH, Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.<br />RSTS, retropharyngeal soft tissue space.<br />RSU, radiological sciences unit.<br />RSV, respiratory syncytial virus.<br />RSV, right subclavian vein.<br />RSV, Rous sarcoma virus.<br />RSVC, right superior vena cava.<br />RSVP, retired senior volunteer program.<br />RT(ARRT), Radiologic Technologist certified by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists.<br />RT(N)(ARRT), Radiologic Technologist (Nuclear Medicine) certified by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists.<br />RT(R)(ARRT), Registered Technologist, Radiography certified by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists).<br />RT(T)(ARRT), Radiologic Technologist (Radiation Therapy) certified by the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists.<br />rt, lat right lateral.<br />RT, radiologic technologist.<br />RT, radiotelemetry.<br />RT, radiotherapy.<br />RT, radium therapy.<br />RT, rapid tranquilization.<br />RT, reaction time.<br />RT, reading test.<br />RT, reciprocating tachycardia.<br />RT, recreational therapy.<br />RT, rectal temperature.<br />RT, reduction time.<br />RT, Registered Technician.<br />RT, renal transplantation.<br />RT, resistance transfer.<br />RT, respiratory therapist/therapy.<br />RT, response time.<br />RT, rest tremor.<br />RT, retransformation.<br />RT, reverse transcriptase.<br />RT, reverse transcription.<br />rT, ribothymidine.<br />RT, right thigh.<br />Rt, right.<br />RT, room temperature.<br />RT, Rubinstein-Taybi (syndrome).<br />Rt, total resistance.<br />rt., right<br />RT3, rT3 reverse triiodothyronine.<br />RT3U, resin T3 uptake.<br />RTA, ray tracing algorithm.<br />RTA, renal tubular acidosis.<br />RTA, reverse transcriptase assay.<br />RTA, road traffic accident.<br />RTAD, renal tubular acidification defect.<br />RTC, random control trial.<br />RTC, rape treatment center.<br />RTC, renal tubular cell.<br />RTC, residential treatment center.<br />rtc, return to clinic.<br />RTC, return to clinic.<br />RTC, round the clock.<br />RT-CT, radiotherapy dedicated computed tomography.<br />RTD, renal tubular defect.<br />Rtd, retarded.<br />RTD, routine test dilution.<br />RTECS, Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.<br />RTF, resistance transfer factor.<br />RTF, respiratory tract fluid.<br />RTG-2, rainbow trout gonadal tissue cells.<br />rTHF, recombinant tumor necrosis factor.<br />RTI, respiratory tract infection.<br />RTI, reverse transcriptase inhibition.<br />RTK, receptor-tyrosine kinase: rhabdoid tumor of the kidney.<br />rtl, rectal.<br />RTM, registered trademark.<br />rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.<br />RTN, renal tubular necrosis.<br />RTO, return to office.<br />RTO, right toe off.<br />RTOG, Radiation Therapy Oncology Group.<br />RTOG, radiation therapy oncology group.<br />RTP, radiation treatment planning.<br />RTP, renal transplantation patient.<br />RTP, reverse transcriptase-producing (agent).<br />rt-PA, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.<br />rTPA/rtPA, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator.<br />RTPCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.<br />RT-PCR, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.<br />RTR, Recreational Therapist, Registered.<br />RTR, red blood cell turnover rate.<br />RTR, retention time ratio.<br />RTs, reaction times.<br />RTS, real time scan.<br />RTs, relaxation times.<br />RTs, residence times.<br />RTs, respiratory therapists.<br />RTS, respiratory tract secretions.<br />RTS, Rett syndrome.<br />RTs, reverse transcriptases.<br />RTS, revised trauma score.<br />RTS, revised trauma scores.<br />RTS, right toestrike.<br />RTS, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome.<br />RTS, Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome.<br />RU 486, antiprogesterone used for abortion in early gestation.<br />RU, resin uptake.<br />RU, routine urinalysis.<br />RUL, right upper lobe (lung).<br />RUQ, right upper quadrant (abdomen).<br />RUT, rapid urease test.<br />RV, residual volume of lung.<br />RV, right ventricle.<br />RVAS, right ventricular assist system.<br />RVDC, right ventricle diastolic collapse.<br />RVF, right ventricular failure.<br />RVH, right ventricular hypertrophy.<br />RVLM, rostral ventrolateral medulla.<br />RVMI, right ventricle myocardial infarction.<br />RVP, reduced vascular response; resting venous pressure; right ventricular pressure.<br />RVQ, relaxed vaginal outlet.<br />RVR, respiratory rate:tidal volume ratio.<br />RVT, renal vein thrombosis.<br />Rx, prescription.<br />Rx, treatment, therapy.<br />RXR, retinoid receptors.<br /><br />S & sx, signs and symptoms<br />S&S, signs and symptoms.<br />s(with line over it), without.<br />S, serine.<br />s, sine, without.<br />S, specialist (physician).<br />S/L, sublingual.<br />S/M, sudomasochism.<br />S/P, status post<br />S/S, signs and symptoms (also SAS).<br />S3, (cardiac) third sound.<br />SA, sinoatrial node.<br />SA, surface area (see BSA).<br />SAE, serious adverse event.<br />SAFHS, sonic accelerated fracture healing system.<br />SAH, subarachnoid hemorrhage.<br />SAL, saline.<br />SAM, sulfur-adenosylmethionine.<br />SaO2, systemic arterial oxygen saturation (%).<br />SAR, specific absorption rate (MRI).<br />SAR, suspected adverse reaction.<br />SARSS, suspected adverse reaction surveillance scheme.<br />SAS, signs and symptoms (also S/S).<br />SAS, statistical analysis system.<br />SASOC, the Social Acceptability Scale of Occlusal Conditions.<br />SAT, South African territories.<br />SATO, <a href="http://www.satoweb.org/">Sociedad Andaluza de Traumatologia y Ortopedia (Andalusian Society of Traumatology & Orthopaedics)</a>.<br />Sau3A, restriction enzyme from Staphylococcus aureus 3A.<br />SB, sudan black.<br />SBB, sudan black B.<br />SBCP, <a href="http://www.sbcp.org/">Sociedade Brasileira de Cirurgia Plastica (Brazilian Society of Plastic Surgery)</a>.<br />SBE, shortness of breath on exertion.<br />SBE, subacute bacterial endocarditis.<br />SBFT, small bowel follow through series.<br />SBM, soybean meal.<br />SBO, side branch occlusion (in coronary artery stenting).<br />SBO, skull base osteomyelitis.<br />SBO, small bowel obstruction.<br />SBO, soyabean oil.<br />SBOT, <a href="http://www.sbot.org.br/">Sociedade Brasileira de Ortopedia e Traumatologia (Brazilian Association of Orthopaedics and Traumatology)</a>.<br />SBP, systemic/ systolic blood pressure.<br />SC, s.c., subcutaneous.<br />SC, scaphocapitate.<br />SC, stratum corneum.<br />SC, subcutaneous.<br />SCAI, <a href="http://www.scai.org/">The Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions</a>.<br />SCAN, suspected child abuse or neglect.<br />SCC, squamous cell carcinoma.<br />SCC, standard clinical criteria.<br />SCCOT, <a href="http://www.sccot.org.co/">Colombian Society for Orthopaedics and Traumatology</a>.<br />SCD, sequential compression device.<br />SCD, sickle cell disease.<br />SCD, spinocerebellar degenerations.<br />SCD, sudden cardiac death.<br />SCDs, scalp current densities.<br />SCDS, Seychelles Child Development Study.<br />SCDS, Sheffield child development study.<br />SCDs, sickle cell diseases.<br />SCDs, steroid contraceptive drugs.<br />SCDS, sudden cardiac death syndrome.<br />SCE, sister-chromatid exchange.<br />SCF, stem cell factor.<br />SCFE, slipped capital femoral epiphysis (<a href="http://gait.aidi.udel.edu/res695/homepage/pd_ortho/educate/clincase/osteot.htm">case report</a>).<br />SCHIP, <a href="http://www.hcfa.gov/init/children.htm">State Children's Health Insurance Program</a>.<br />SCI, spinal cord injury.<br />SCICU, spinal cord intensive care unit.<br />SCID, severe combined immunodeficiency disease.<br />SCIWORA, spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormality (<a href="http://www.medmedia.com/orthoo/41.htm">Wheeless Textbook: Fractures</a>).<br />SCJ, squamocolumnar junction.<br />SCLC, Small cell lung cancer<br />SCOI, <a href="http://www.scoi.com/">Southern California Orthopaedic Institute</a>.<br />SCS, spinal chord stimulation.<br />SCS, <a href="http://members.aol.com/scsweb/index.htm">Spinal Cord Society</a>.<br />SCTN, Scottish Cancer Therapy Network<br />SD, shoulder disarticulation.<br />SD, signal detection.<br />SD, stable disease.<br />SD, standard deviation.<br />SDAT, senile dementia of Alzheimer's type.<br />SDH, sorbitol deshydrogenase.<br />S-DSA, stepping digital subtraction angiography.<br />SDU, source delivery unit.<br />SDU, standard deviation units.<br />SDV, Source Data Verification<br />SE, spin echo (MRI).<br />SE, staphylococcal enterotoxins.<br />SEB, staphylococcal enterotoxin B.<br />sec, second.<br />SEC, spontaneous echo contrast.<br />SECOT, <a href="http://www.pulso.com/secot/secot.htm">Sociedad Espanola de Chirurgia Ortopedica y Traumatologia (only Spanish)</a>.<br />sed rate, sedimentation rate.<br />segs, polymorphonuclear neutrophil<br />SEHCS, silicones environmental health and safety concil.<br />SEM, scanning electron microscopy.<br />SEM, standard error of the mean.<br />Ser, serine.<br />SES, sick euthyroid syndrome.<br />SES, socioeconomic status.<br />SETTLE, spindle epithelial tumor with thymus-like differentiation.<br />SF, swine fever.<br />SFA, French Society of Arthroscopy score.<br />SFA, saturated fatty acids.<br />SFA, screen-film angiography.<br />SFA, spike frequency adaptation.<br />SFA, spindle frequency activity.<br />SFA, standing foot angle.<br />SFA, superficial femoral artery.<br />SFOP, French Paediatric Oncology Society.<br />SG, specific gravity.<br />SGA, small-for-gestational age.<br />SGC, salivary gland carcinoma.<br />SGDM, Study Group on Data Management.<br />sGMM, synthetic glucose monomycolate.<br />SGO, <a href="http://www.sgo.org/">Society of Gynecologic Oncologists</a>.<br />SGOT, serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (see AST).<br />SG-P, silica glass powder.<br />SGPT, Serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (see ALT).<br />SH, social history, serum hepatitis.<br />SH, Society for Hematopathology.<br />SHAFT, Sad, Hostile, Anxious, Frustrating, Tenacious Syndrome.<br />SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin.<br />SHG, sonohysterography.<br />SHO, Senior House Officer.<br />SHR, spontaneously hypertensive rats.<br />SI, International System of Units.<br />SI, serum iron.<br />SI, shock index.<br />SI, Steel (mouse).<br />SI, syncytium-inducing viral phenotype.<br />SIADH, syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.<br />SICOT, <a href="http://homepages.ulb.ac.be/~sicot/welcome.html">International Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology</a> <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/specsoc.htm">(AAOS Specialty Societies: SICOT US Chapter)</a>.<br />SICU, surgical intensive care unit.<br />SIDS, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (<a href="http://sids-network.org/">SIDS Network</a>).<br />sig, instructions or directions.<br />SIg, surface immunoglobulins.<br />SIL, squamous intraepithelial lesions.<br />SIM, <a href="http://www.mednet.org.uk/mednet/">Society of the Internet in Medicine</a>.<br />SIMA, small intestinal mucinous antigen.<br />SIOP, International Society of Paediatric Oncology.<br />SIOT, Societa Italiana di Ortopedia e Traumatologia (Italian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology).<br />SIR, standardized incidence ratio.<br />SIROT, Societee Internationale de Recherche Orthopeique et Traumatologie.<br />SIRP, signal-regulatory proteins.<br />SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome.<br />SIS, small intestinal submucosa (hernia repair).<br />SITOP, <a href="http://www.cilea.it/ortopedia/sitop.html">Societa Italiana di Ortopedia e Traumatologia Pediatrica (Italian Society of Paediatric Orthopaedics and Traumatology)</a>.<br />S-K, Sauve Kapandji (procedure).<br />SK, streptokinase.<br />sk, trx skeletal traction.<br />SKSD, SK-SD streptokinase-streptodomase.<br />sl, in a broad sense (Lat.sensu lato).<br />SL, sarcolemma.<br />SL, scapholunate.<br />SL, sclerosing leukoencephalopathy.<br />SL, secondary leukemia.<br />SL, segment length.<br />SL, sensation level.<br />SL, sensory latency.<br />SL, septal leaflet.<br />SL, short-leg (brace).<br />SL, Sibley-Lehninger (unit).<br />SL, signal level.<br />SL, Sinding Larsen (syndrome).<br />SL, Sjogren-Larsson (syndrome).<br />SL, slit lamp.<br />SL, small lymphocyte.<br />SL, sodium lactate.<br />SL, solidified liquid.<br />SL, sound level.<br />SL, Stein-Leventhal (syndrome).<br />sl, stemline.<br />SL, streptolysin.<br />sl, sublingual.<br />SL, sublingual.<br />SL, systolic wave, latent.<br />SL1, segment length, inferior.<br />SL5, segment length, septal.<br />SLA, left sacroanterior (fetal position) (Lat.sacrolaeva anterior).<br />SLA, segment length, anterior.<br />SLA, single-cell liquid cytotoxic assay.<br />SLA, slide latex agglutination.<br />SLA, soluble liver antigen.<br />SLA, superficial linear array.<br />SLA, surfactant-like activity.<br />SLAC, scapholunate advanced collapse (wrist).<br />SLAM, scanning laser acoustic microscope.<br />SLAM, systemic lupus erythematosus activity measure.<br />SLAP, serum leucine aniinopeptidase.<br />SLAP, superior labrum anterior posterior (lesion).<br />SLAT, simultaneous laryngoscopy and abdominal thrusts.<br />SLB, short-leg brace.<br />SLC, secondary lymphoid organ chemokine.<br />SLC, short leg cast.<br />SLCC, short-leg cylinder cast.<br />SLD, SLDH serum lactate dehydrogenase.<br />SLD, sublethal damage.<br />SLDR, sublethal damage repair.<br />SLE, slit lamp examination.<br />SLE, St.Louis encephalitis.<br />SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.<br />SLEA, sheep erythrocyte antibody.<br />SLEDAI, systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index.<br />SLEP, short latent evoked potential.<br />SLEV, St.Louis encephalitis virus.<br />SLG, synthetic latex gloves.<br />SLHR, sex-linked hypophospbatemic rickets.<br />SLI, selective lymphoid irradiation.<br />SLI, somatostatin-like immunoreactivity.<br />SLI, splenic localization index.<br />SLIC, scanning liquid ionization chamber.<br />SLIDRC, Student Loan Interest Deduction Restoration Coalition.<br />SLIL, scapholunate interosseous ligament.<br />SLIM, synovial-like interface membrane.<br />SLIP, serial line interface protocol.<br />SLIR, somatostatjn-like iminunoreactivity.<br />SLK, superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis.<br />SLKC, superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis.<br />SLL, segment length, lateral.<br />SLL, small lymphocytic lymphoma.<br />SLM, sound level meter.<br />SLMC, spontaneous lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity.<br />SLN, sublentiform nucleus.<br />SLN, superior laryngeal nerve.<br />SLNWBC, short-leg non-weight bearing cast.<br />SLNWC, short-leg nonwalking cast.<br />SLO, Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome.<br />SLO, streptolysin O.<br />SLOS, Smith-Lenili-Opitz syndrome.<br />SLP, left sacroposterior (fetal position) (Lat.sacrolaeva posterior).<br />SLP, segmental limb systolic pressure.<br />SLP, sex-limited protein.<br />SLP, short luteal phase.<br />SLP, subluxation of the patella.<br />SLPI, secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor.<br />SLPP, serum lipophosphoprotein.<br />SLR, Shwartzman local reaction.<br />SLR, single lens reflex.<br />SLR, straight leg raising.<br />SLRT, straight leg raising test.<br />SLS, segment long-spacing.<br />SLS, short-leg splint.<br />SLS, single limb support.<br />SLS, Sjogren-Larsson syndrome.<br />SLS, stagnant loop syndrome.<br />SLS, Stein-Leventhal syndrome.<br />SLT, left sacrotransverse (fetal position) (Lat.sacrolaeva transversa).<br />SLT, single lung transplantation.<br />SLT, smokeless tobacco.<br />SLT, solid logic technology.<br />SLUD, salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation.<br />SLUDGE, salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, gastrointestinal upset, emesis.<br />SLWC, short-leg walking cast.<br />sm, an small animal.<br />SM, Master of Science.<br />SM, sadomasochism.<br />Sm, samarium.<br />SM, self-monitoring.<br />Sm, Serratia marcescens.<br />SM, silicon microphysiometer.<br />SM, simple mastectomy.<br />SM, skim milk.<br />sm, smear.<br />Sm, Smith (antigen).<br />SM, smooth muscle.<br />SM, somatomedin (insulin-like growth factors).<br />SM, space medicine.<br />SM, sphingomyelin.<br />SM, splenic macrophage.<br />SM, sports medicine.<br />SM, streptomycin.<br />SM, StrUmpell-Marie (syndrome).<br />SM, submandibular.<br />SM, submaxillary.<br />SM, submucous.<br />sM, suckling mouse.<br />SM, suckling mouse.<br />SM, sucrose medium.<br />SM, suction method.<br />SM, superior mesenteric.<br />SM, surgical microscope.<br />SM, surrogate mother.<br />SM, sustained medication.<br />SM, symptoms.<br />SM, synaptic membrane.<br />SM, synovial membrane.<br />SM, systolic motion.<br />SM, systolic murmur.<br />sm., small.<br />SMA, sequential multiple analysis or analyzer; sequential multichannel autoanalyzer: simultaneous multichannel autoanalyzer.<br />SMA, smooth muscle antibody.<br />SMA, Society for Medical Anthropology.<br />SMA, somatomedin A.<br />SM-A, somatomedin A.<br />SMA, spinal muscular atrophy.<br />SMA, spontaneous motor activity.<br />SMA, <a href="http://www.ausport.gov.au/sma">Sport Medicine Australia</a>.<br />SMA, standard method agar.<br />SMA, superior mesenteric artery.<br />SMA, supplementary motor area.<br />SMA-6, Sequential Multiple Analysis in-six different serum tests.<br />SMABF, superior mesenteric artery blood flow.<br />SMAC, Sequential Multiple Analyzer Computer.<br />SMAC, soluble membrane attack complex.<br />SMAC, sorbitol MacConkey agar.<br />SMAC, superior mesenteric arterial conductance.<br />SMaC, Surrogate Marker Cost-Efficacy.<br />SMAE, superior mesenteric artery embolism.<br />SMAF, smooth muscle activating factor.<br />SMAF, specific macrophage arming factor.<br />SMAG, Special Medical Advisory Group.<br />SM-AHNMD, systemic mastocytosis with associated clonal hematopoietic non-mast cell lineage disorder.<br />SMAL, serum methyl alcohol level.<br />SMAO, superior mesenteric artery occlusion.<br />SMART, simultaneous multiple angle reconstruction technique.<br />SMAS, submuscular aponeurotic system.<br />SMAS, superficial musculo-aponeurotic system.<br />SMAS, superior mesenteric artery syndrome.<br />SMAST, Short Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test.<br />SMB, selected mucosal biopsy.<br />SMB, standard mineral base.<br />sMb, suckling mouse brain.<br />SMBFT, small bowel follow-through.<br />SMBG, self-monitored blood glucose.<br />SMC, Scientific Manpower Commission.<br />SM-C, Sm-C somatomedin C.<br />SMC, smooth muscle cell.<br />SMC, somatomedin C.<br />SM-C, somatomedin C.<br />SMC, succinylmonocholine.<br />SM-C/IGF, somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor.<br />SMCA, smooth muscle contracting agent.<br />SMCA, suckling mouse cataract agent.<br />SMCD, senile macular choroidal degeneration.<br />SMCD, systemic mast cell disease.<br />SMCD, systemic meningococcal disease.<br />SMCR, Smith-Magenis chromosome region.<br />SMD, senile macular degeneration.<br />SMD, spondylometaphyseal dysplasia.<br />SMD, submanubrial dullness.<br />SMDA, Safe Medical Devices Act (of 1990).<br />SMDA, starch methylenedianiline.<br />SMDC, sodium-N-methyl dithiocarbamate.<br />SMDC, standards for medical device communication.<br />SMDM, Society for Medical Decision Making.<br />SMDS, secondary myelodysplastic syndrome.<br />SME, severe myoclonic epilepsy.<br />SMED, spondylometaphyseal dysplasia.<br />SMF, secondary myelofibrosis.<br />S-Mgb, serum myoglobin.<br />SMO, <a href="http://www.mati.net.mx/smo/">Sociedad Mexicana de Ortopedia (only Spanish)</a>.<br />SMP, sympathetic maintained pain.<br />SMR, sexual maturity ratings.<br />SMR, submucous resection.<br />SMS, solitary myofibroma(tosis) of the skin.<br />SMTP, Stachybotrys microspora triprenyl phenol.<br />SMX, sulfamethoxazole.<br />SN, séroneutralization.<br />SNARF-1, carboxy-seminaphthorhodafluor.<br />SNLG, Scottish and Newcastle Lymphoma Group.<br />SNP, sodium nitroprusside.<br />SO, standing order OR significant other.<br />SO, superior oblique.<br />SOA, <a href="http://www.sma.org/soa">Southern Orthopaedic Association</a>.<br />SOAP, symptoms, objective, assessment, and plan.<br />SOB, shortness of breath.<br />SOBCOT, <a href="http://www.belgianorthoweb.be/sobcot/sobcindex_uk.htm">Societee Belge de Chirurgie Orthop?ique et de Traumatologie (Belgian Society of Orthopaedics and Traumatology)</a>.<br />SOCITRAS, <a href="http://www.serve.com/SOCITRAS/index_e.htm">Societa Italiana di Traumatologia della Strada (Italian Society of Road Traumatology)</a>.<br />SOFCOT, French Society of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery.<br />SOFIGO, <a href="http://www.figo.org/SOFIGO.asp">The International Association of Supporters of FIGO</a>.<br />sol, solution.<br />SOMOS, Society of Military Orthopaedic Surgeons <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/statesoc/military.htm">(AAOS)</a>.<br />SOP, standard operating protocol.<br />sos, if necessary.<br />SOTOCAV, <a href="http://www.sotocav.org/">Sociedad de Ortopedia y Traumatologia de la Comunidad Autonoma Valenciana (only Spanish)</a>.<br />SOTRS, <a href="http://www.ortopediars.com.br/">Sociedade de Ortopedia e Traumatologia do Rio Grande do Sul (only Portuguese)</a>.<br />sp. gr., specific gravity.<br />SP-1, pregnancy-specific beta-1-glycoprotein.<br />SPC, septal perforator compression.<br />SPC, soybean phosphatidylcholine.<br />SPC, sphingosylphosphorylcholine.<br />SPC, spleen cells.<br />SPC, spontaneous phasic contractions.<br />SPC, Summary of Product Characteristics.<br />SPC, systemic to pulmonary collaterals.<br />SPD, phase difference" method.<br />spec, specimen.<br />SPECT, single photon emission computed tomography.<br />SPF , S-phase fraction.<br />SPF, sun protection factor.<br />S-phase, proliferative index % of tumor cells actively dividing at a given time,<br />SPIO, superparamagnetic iron oxide MRI enhancement.<br />S-PMI, subendocardial perioperative myocardial injury.<br />SPOHNC, <a href="http://www.spohnc.org/">Support for People with Oral and Head and Neck Cancer</a>.<br />SQ, sq, subq., subcutaneous.<br />sq., squamous.<br />SR, sedimentation rate.<br />SR, Show Racer pigeons.<br />SRIF, somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (somatostatin).<br />SRS, <a href="http://www.srs.org/">Scoliosis Research Society</a> (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/specsoc.htm">AAOS Specialty Societies</a>).<br />ss, one half.<br />SS, Salmonella-Shigella agar.<br />SS, systemic sclerosis.<br />ss. gl., without glasses (or corrective lenses)<br />SSA, <a href="http://www.ssa.gov/">Social Security Administration (US)</a>.<br />SSC, side scatter (flow cytometry term).<br />SSCP, substernal chest pain.<br />SSD, sexual size dimorphism.<br />SSD, shaded-surface display.<br />SSD, single saturating dose.<br />SSD, single-strand damage (DNA).<br />SSD, Social Security disability.<br />SSD, source-skin distance.<br />SSD, source-surface distance.<br />SSD, speech-sound discrimination.<br />SSD, succinate semialdehyde dehydrogenase.<br />SSD, sum of square deviations.<br />SSD, syndrome ofsudden death.<br />SSE, soap suds enema.<br />SSE, Spine Society Of Europe.<br />SSEP, somatosensory evoked potentials.<br />SSER, somatosensory evoked response.<br />SSKI, saturated solution of potassium iodine.<br />SSM, <a href="http://www.southernsportsmed.com/">Southern Sports Medicine (& Orthopaedic Center)</a>.<br />SSM, Superficial Spreading Melanoma.<br />SSR, sympathetic skin response.<br />SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.<br />SSS, sick sinus syndrome.<br />SSSS, staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome.<br />SstII, restriction enzyme from Streptomyces stanford.<br />ST, esotropia.<br />ST, scaphotrapezial.<br />ST, sulfotransferases.<br />ST, syncytiotrophoblast.<br />st., stage of disease.<br />Staph, Staphylococcus.<br />STAT, immediately.<br />STAT, signal transducers and activators of transcription.<br />STD, sexually transmitted disease.<br />STD, skin test dose.<br />STD, standart.<br />STH, somatotropin.<br />STI, systolic time intervals.<br />STIs, soft tissue infections.<br />STLN, soft tissue lateral neck.<br />STR, single twitch response (EMG).<br />STR, slow-twitch red (skeletal muscle).<br />Strep, Streptococcus.<br />STRPC, short TRPC.<br />STS, serological test for syphilis.<br />STS, single twitch stimulation (EMG).<br />STS, <a href="http://www.sts.org/">Society of Thoracic Surgeons</a>.<br />STSG, split thickness skin graft.<br />STT, scapho-trapezo-trapezoidal.<br />STZ, streptozotocin.<br />subcu., SC, , subcutaneous.<br />Subq, (sub cutis) subcutaneous.<br /><a href="http://www.rti.org/patents/sudaan/sudaan.html">SUDAAN</a>, software for statistical analysis of correlated data.<br />SUDS, single-use diagnostic system.<br />SUFE (radiograph), slip of the upper femoral epiphysis.<br />supp, suppository.<br />suppos, suppository.<br />surg, surgical.<br />SUs, substance users.<br />susp, suspension.<br />SUVs, unilamellar vesicles.<br />Sv, sievert.<br />SV, simian virus.<br />SV, stroke volume.<br />SV40, simian vacuolating virus no. 40.<br />SVA, sequential ventriculo-atrial pacing.<br />SVA, shell vial assay.<br />SVA, sinus of Valsalva aneurysms.<br />SVA, supraventricular arrhythmia.<br />SVA-IFA, shell vial assay-indirect immunofluorescent assay.<br />SVC, superior vena cava.<br />SVD, Swine Vesicular Disease.<br />SVE, of soil vapor extraction.<br />SVE, saline volume expansion.<br />SVE, seminal vesicle epithelium.<br />SVE, Sendai virus envelopes.<br />SVE, serum vitamin E.<br />SVE, significant villous edema.<br />SVE, small volume expansion.<br />SVE, sports vision evaluations.<br />SVE, Stressful Vital Events.<br />SVe, stroke volume echocardiography.<br />SVE, subcortical vascular encephalopathy.<br />SVE, supraventricular ectopy.<br />SVE, supraventricular extrasystole.<br />SVE, surveillance examinations.<br />SVE, sustained volume expansion.<br />SVG, saphenous vein graft.<br />SVI, stroke volume index.<br />SvO2, mixed venous hemoglobin saturation.<br />SVR, systemic vascular resistance.<br />SVT, supra ventricular tachycardia<br />SW, software.<br />SWA, slow-wave activity.<br />SWI, surgical wound infection.<br />SWOG, Southwest Oncology Group.<br />SWPS, Social Welfare Policy & Services.<br />SWT, systolic wall thickening.<br />Sx, signs and symptoms.<br />SX, sulfisoxazole.<br />Sx, symptom/s.<br />Sz, seizure.<br /><br />T sect, transverse section.<br />T&A, tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.<br />T&C, type and crossmatch.<br />T&T, time and temperature.<br />T&T, touch and tone.<br />T, extent of primary tumor.<br />T, temperature.<br />T, thoracic, to be followed by number designating specific thoracic vertebra.<br />T, threonine.<br />T, thymine.<br />t.i.d., tid, three times a day.<br />t.o., telephone order.<br />T/S, transverse section.<br />T+S, type and screen.<br />T0, T1, T2, T3, size of tumor in staging cancers.<br />T3, triiodothyronine.<br />T3RU, triiodothyronine resin uptake.<br />T4, thyroxine.<br />T4SA, thyroxine-specific activity.<br />T7, thoracic/dorsal vertebra number 7.<br />TA, Technical Assistance.<br />TA, tolfenamic acid.<br />TAANOS, <a href="http://www.aanos.org/">The American Academy of Neurological and Orthopaedic Surgeons</a>.<br />tab, (s) tablet(s).<br />TAC, transient amplifying cells (cells that have the potential to complete a limited number of divisions before differentiating).<br />TAC, <a href="http://tac.medical.org/">Trauma Association of Canada</a>.<br />TACHY, tachycardia.<br />TAE, transarterial embolization.<br />TAH, total abdominal hysterectomy.<br />TAM , tamoxifen.<br />TAM, total active motion.<br />TAPVC, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.<br />TAs, triggered activations.<br />TAT, tetanus antitoxin.<br />TAT, thematic apperception test.<br />TB, tuberculosis.<br />tbc., TB, tuberculosis.<br />TBD, to be determined.<br />TBF, tail blood flow.<br />TBF, tentacle ball formation.<br />TBF, terbinafine.<br />TBF, thyroid blood flow.<br />TBF, tick-borne fever.<br />TBF, tissue blood flow.<br />TBF, total body fat.<br />TBF, tumor blood flow.<br />TBG, thyroid binding globulin.<br />TBI, total body irradiation.<br />TBMM, total body muscle mass.<br />TBS, The Bethesda System.<br />TBS, to be scheduled.<br />TBSA, total body surface area.<br />tbsp, tablespoon<br />TBVF, trabecular bone volume fraction.<br />TBW, total body water.<br />TCA, thymus-derived chemotactic agent.<br />TCA, tricyclic antidepressant.<br />TCDB, turn, cough, deep breath.<br />TCF, tissue cage fluid.<br />TCID50, Tissue Culture Infectious Dose 50 %.<br />TCPC, tricalcium phosphate ceramic.<br />TCR, T-cell receptor.<br />TCRBCL, T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma.<br />TCRBJ, TCR J beta.<br />TCRGR, T-cell receptor gene rearrangement (study).<br />TCU, transitional care unit.<br />TCV, tall-cell variant of papillary thyroid carcinomas.<br />TCV, turnip crinkle virus.<br />Td, adult tetanus toxoid and reduced-dose diphtheria toxoid.<br />TD, tardive dyskinesis,<br />TD, texture-defined.<br />TDA, toluenediamines.<br />TDA, Trade and Development Agency.<br />TDI, toluene diisocyanate (a highly volatile chemical known to cause occupational asthma in exposed workers).<br />TDLU, terminal-duct-lobular-units.<br />TdT, terminal deoxynucleotide transferase.<br />TDT, tooth decay test.<br />TDT, transmission disequilibrium test.<br />TDTH cells, a functional subset of T helper cells that are involved in delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.<br />TDY, Temporary Duty.<br />TE, echo time (MRI).<br />TEC, thromboembolic complications.<br />TEC, transient erythroblastopenia of childhood.<br />TEC, transluminal extraction atherectomy.<br />TECA-LBO, total ear canal ablation-lateral bulla osteotomy.<br />TEDs, Thromboembolic Deterrent Stockings<br />TEDS, timed exposure diffusive sampler.<br />TEDS, transoesophageal echo-Doppler system.<br />TEDS, Treatment Episode Data Set.<br />TEE, transesophageal echocardiogram.<br />TEIL, tobacco EIN3-like.<br />TEM, Technical Error Measurement.<br />TEM, transmission electron microscopy.<br />Temp., T, temperature<br />TENS, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation.<br />TF, tail-flick.<br />TFA, trifluoroacetic acid.<br />TFCC, triangular fibrocartilage complex.<br />TFPI, tissue factor pathway inhibitor.<br />TFT, thin-film transistor.<br />TFT, thrombus formation time.<br />TFT, thyroid function test.<br />TFT, tight filum terminale.<br />TFT, trifluorothymidine.<br />TG(6-), 6-Thioguanine (anti cancer drug).<br />TG, triglycerides.<br />TGE, transmissible gastroenteritis.<br />TGF, transforming growth factors.<br />TGF-" , tumor growth factor alpha.<br />TGF-$ , tumor growth factor beta.<br />TGV, thoracic gas volume.<br />TGV, transposition of great vessels.<br />TH1, T helper type 1 cell.<br />TH2, T helper type 2 cell.<br />THA, tacrine hydrochloride.<br />THA, total hip arthroplasty (<a href="http://www.mtdesk.com/orth.shtml">sample operative report</a>).<br />THBR, thyroid hormone binding ratio.<br />THBSO, total hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.<br />THC, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol the psychoactive substance in Cannabis sativa.<br />THP, total hip prosthesis.<br />Thr, threonine.<br />THR, total hip replacement/revision (<a href="http://www.mtdesk.com/orth.shtml">sample operative report</a>).<br />THV, terminal hepatic venule (central vein).<br />Thy-1, a highly abundant glycoprotein on the surface of thymocytes and neurons.<br />TIA, thanks in advance.<br />TIA, transient ischemic attacks.<br />TIBC, total iron-binding capacity.<br />tid, three times a day (Latin: ter in die).<br />TIFA, Trade and Investment Framework Agreement.<br />TIG, tetanus immune globulin.<br />TIGR, <a href="http://www.tigr.org/">The Institute for Genomic Research</a>.<br />TIL, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.<br />TIMI, Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction.<br />TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase.<br />TIPS, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt.<br />TIPSS, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunts.<br />TIS, titanium interbody spacers.<br />TJ, tetrajoule.<br />TJ, triceps jerk.<br />TJ-10, Saiko-keishi-to, herbal medicine.<br />TJ-41, Hochu-ekki-to (a Japanese herbal medicine).<br />TJ-43, Liu-Jun-Zi-Tang, a herbal medicine exerting gastroprotective action.<br />TJ-48, Juzen-taiho-to, a kampo medicine.<br />TJ-9, Sho-saiko-to, a herbal medicine.<br />TJ-96, saiboku-to (a herbal preparation).<br />TJ-960, sho-saiko-to-go-keishi-ka- shakuyakuto (Japanese herbal medicine), a compound known to have free radical scavenging activity.<br />TJA, total joint arthroplasty.<br />TJD, transient job disability.<br />TJD, traumatic joint disease.<br />TJs, tight junctions.<br />TK, tyrosine kinase.<br />TKA, total knee arthroplasty.<br />TKE, total knee extension.<br />TKN, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (waste waters treatment).<br />TKO, to keep open.<br />TKR, total knee replacement/revision.<br />TLA, three letter abbreviation/acronym (ha, ha!).<br />TLC, thin-layer chromatography.<br />TLC, total lung capacity.<br />TLD, thermoluminescent dosimeters.<br />TLI, thymidine labeling index.<br />TLI, total lymphoid irradiation.<br />TLR, target lesion revascularization.<br />TLSO, thoracolumbosacral orthosis.<br />TLV, threshold limit values.<br />TM, transmembrane.<br />TM, tympanic membrane.<br />TMA, thrombotic microangiopathy.<br />TMA, tissue microarray infostructure.<br />TMA, transmetatarsal amputation.<br />TMA-Gly:CPH, poly[trimellitylimidoglycine-co-1,6-bis(carboxyphenoxy)hexane] - a novel class of polymers with mechanical properties similar to cancellous bone that are being investigated for their ability to be used in weight-bearing areas for orthopedic applications.<br />TMD, transient myeloproliferative disorder.<br />TMDC, transverse magnetization decay curve.<br />TMEP, telangiectasia macularis eruptiva perstans.<br />TMG, toxic multinodular goiter.<br />TMGA, tetramethylene glutaric acid.<br />TMJ, (temporalist mandibulae junctio) temporomandibular joint.<br />TMP, trimethoprim.<br />TMP-SMX, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.<br />TMR, transmyocardial revascularization.<br />TMV, tobacco mosaic virus.<br />TNF, tumor necrosis factor.<br />TNI, total needed irradiation.<br />TNM, tumor, nodes, metastases.<br />TNT, trinitrotoluene.<br />TNTC, too numerous to count.<br />TOA, <a href="http://www.toa.org/">Texas Orthopaedic Association</a>.<br />TOD, target organ damage.<br />TOF, train-of-four (EMG).<br />top, topically.<br />TOPV, oral attenuated poliovirus with types 1, 2, and 3.<br />TOR, total outflow resistance.<br />TORCH, congenital infections with: T = toxoplasmosis; O = other; R = rubella; C = cytomegalic inclusion disease; H = hepatitis B and herpes.<br />TOS, thoracic outlet syndrom.<br />TP, thyropharyngeus muscle.<br />TP, total pancreatectomy.<br />TP, total platinum.<br />TP-5, thymopentin.<br />TPA, tissue plasminogen activator.<br />TPI, Treponema pallidum immobilization test.<br />T-PMI, transmural perioperative myocardial infarction.<br />TPN, total parenteral nutrition.<br />TPP, thiamin pyrophosphate.<br />TPPA, Treponema pallidum.<br />TPR, temperature, pulse, respirations.<br />TPR, total peripheral resistance.<br />TPUR, transperineal urethral resection.<br />TR, Texas red.<br />tr., tinct., tincture.<br />TR/TE, repetition time/echo time.<br />TRAM-flap, one type of breast reconstruction.<br />TRAP, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase.<br />TRAP, telomeric repeat amplification protocol.<br />TRH, thyrotropin-releasing hormone.<br />TRIS, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane.<br />TRK, transketolase.<br />TRP II, tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome type II.<br />TRP, transient receptor potential.<br />Trp, tryptophan.<br />TRPA, tryptophan-rich prealbumin.<br />TRPC, transient receptor potential channel proteins.<br />TrPI, treatment plan.<br />TRPM, testosterone-repressed prostate message.<br />TRPO, tryptophan oxygenase.<br />TRPS, trichorhinophalangeal syndrome.<br />TRPT, theoretical renal phosphorus threshold.<br />TRR, total respiratory resistance.<br />TRS, testicular regression syndrome; total reducing sugars; tubuloreticular structure.<br />TrS, trauma surgery.<br />TRSV, tobacco ringspot virus.<br />TRT, thoracic radiotherapy; transfer ribonucleic acid threonine.<br />TRU, task-related unit; turbidity-reducing unit.<br />TRUS, transrectal ultrasonography.<br />TRV, tobacco rattle virus.<br />TRVV, total right ventricular volume.<br />TRX, thioredoxin trx traction.<br />Tryp, tryptophan.<br />Ts, skin temperature; tosylate.<br />TS, T suppressor (cell)<br />TS, Takayasu syndrome.<br />TS, Tay-Sachs (disease).<br />Ts, temperature sensitivity.<br />TS, temperature, skin.<br />TS, temporal stem.<br />TS, tensile strength.<br />TS, test solution.<br />TS, thermal stability.<br />TS, thoracic surgery.<br />TS, thymidylate synthetase.<br />TS, time required to complete the S phase of the cell cycle.<br />TS, tissue space.<br />TS, total solids (in urine).<br />TS, Tourette syndrome.<br />TS, toxic substance.<br />TS, toxic syndrome.<br />TS, tracheal sound.<br />TS, transferrin saturation.<br />TS, transitional sleep.<br />TS, transsexual.<br />TS, transverse section.<br />TS, transverse sinus.<br />TS, trauma score.<br />TS, treadmill score.<br />TS, triceps surae.<br />TS, tricuspid stenosis.<br />TS, triple strength.<br />TS, tropical sprue.<br />TS, trypticase soy (plate).<br />Ts, tsp, teaspoon.<br />TS, tuberous sclerosis.<br />TS, tumor-specific.<br />TS, Turner syndrome.<br />TS, type-specific.<br />TSA, technical surgical assistance.<br />TSA, toluene sulfonic acid.<br />TSA, total shoulder arthroplasty.<br />TSA, total solute absorption.<br />TSA, toxic shock antigen.<br />TSA, transcortical sensory aphasia.<br />TSA, trypticase-soy agar.<br />TSA, tumor surface antigen.<br />TSA, tumor-specific antigen.<br />TSA, type-specific antibody.<br />TSAb, thyroid-stimulating antibody.<br />TSAP, toxic-shock-associated protein.<br />TSAS, total severity assessment score.<br />TSAT, tube slide agglutination test.<br />TSB, total serum bilirubin; trypticase soy broth; tryptone soy broth.<br />TSBA, total serum bile acids.<br />TSBB, transtracheal selective bronchial brushing.<br />TSC, technetium sulfur colloid; thiosemicarbazide; transverse spinal sclerosis; tuberous sclerosis.<br />TSCA, Toxic Substances Control Act.<br />TSCS, Tennessee Self-Concept Scale.<br />TSD,target-skin distance; Tay-Sachs disease; theory of signal detectability.<br />TSE, testicular self-examination; tissue-specific extinguisher; total skin examination; trisodium edetate.<br />TSEB, total skin electron beam.<br />TSEM, transmission scanning electron microscopy.<br />TSES, Target Symptom Evaluation Scale.<br />T-set, tracheotomy set.<br />TSF, testicular feminization syndrome; thrombopoiesis-stimulating factor; total systemic flow; triceps skinfold.<br />TSG, tumor-specific glycoprotein.<br />TSGP, tumor-specific glycoprotein.<br />TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone.<br />TSH, transient synovitis of the hip.<br />TSHA, thyroid-stimulating hormone, alpha chain.<br />TSHB, thyroid-stimulating hormone, beta chain.<br />TSHR, thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor.<br />TSH-RF, thyroid-stimulating hormone-releasing factor.<br />TSH-RH, thyroid-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone.<br />TSI, thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin.<br />TSI, triple sugar iron.<br />TSIA, total small intestine allotransplantation.<br />TSIA, triple sugar iron agar.<br />tSIDS, totally unexplained sudden infant death syndrome.<br />TSL, terminal sensory latency.<br />TSM, type-specific M protein.<br />Tsp, teaspoon.<br />TSP, testis-specific protein.<br />TSP, thrombin-sensitive protein.<br />TSP, thrombospondin.<br />TSP, total serum protein.<br />TSP, total suspended particulate.<br />TSP, trisodium phosphate.<br />TSP, tropical spastic paraparesis.<br />TSPA, thiotepa.<br />TSPAP, total serum prostatic acid phosphatase.<br />TSPL, transplant.<br />TSPP, tetrasodium pyrophosphate.<br />TSR, target site restenosis.<br />TSR, theophylline sustained release.<br />TSR, thyroid to serum ratio.<br />TSR, total systemic resistance.<br />TSS, total suspended solids.<br />TSS, toxic shock syndrome.<br />TSS, tropical splenomegaly syndrome.<br />TSSA, tumor-specific cell surface antigen.<br />TSSE, toxic shock syndrome exotoxin.<br />TSST, toxic shock syndrome toxin.<br />TSST-1, toxic shock syndrome toxin-1.<br />TST, thiosulfate sulfur-transferase.<br />TST, thromboplastin screening test.<br />TST, total sleep time.<br />TST, transforming sequence, thyroid.<br />TST, treadmill stress test.<br />TST, tricipital skinfold thickness.<br />TST, tumor skin test.<br />TSTA, toxoplasmin skin test antigen.<br />TSTA, tumor-specific tissue antigen.<br />TSTA, tumor-specific transplantation antigen.<br />TSU, triple sugar urea (agar).<br />TSV, total stomach volume.<br />TSVR, total systemic vascular resistance.<br />TSY, trypticase soy yeast.<br />TT, tablet triturate.<br />TT, tactile tension.<br />TT, tactile threshold.<br />TT, tendon transfer.<br />TT, test tube.<br />TT, testicular torsion.<br />TT, tetanus toxin.<br />TT, tetanus toxoid.<br />TT, tetrathionate.<br />TT, tetrazol.<br />TT, therapeutic touch.<br />TT, thrombin time.<br />TT, thrombolytic therapy.<br />TT, thymol turbidity.<br />TT, tibial tubercle.<br />TT, tilt table.<br />TT, tolerance test.<br />TT, total thyroxine.<br />TT, total time.<br />TT, transferred to.<br />TT, transient tachypnea.<br />TT, transit time.<br />TT, transthoracic.<br />TT, transtracheal.<br />TT, tube thoracostomy.<br />TT, tuberculin test.<br />TT, tuberculoid (in Ridley-Jopling Hansen disease classification).<br />TT, tumor thrombus.<br />TT, turnover time.<br />TT2, total diiodothyronine.<br />TT3, total triiodothyronine.<br />TT4, total thyroxine.<br />TTA, tetanus toxoid antibody.<br />TTA, timed therapeutic absence.<br />TTA, total toe arthroplasty.<br />TTA, transtracheal aspiration.<br />TTAP, threaded titanium acetabular prosthesis.<br />TTB, third trimester bleeding.<br />TTC, triphenyltetrazolium chloride (stain for lactic dehydrogenase).<br />TTC, triphenyltetrazolium chloride.<br />TTC, T-tube cholangiogram.<br />TTD, temporary total disability.<br />TTD, tissue tolerance dose.<br />TTD, transient tic disorder.<br />TTD, transverse thoracic diameter.<br />TTD, trichothio-dystrophy.<br />TTE, transthoracic echocardiography.<br />TTFD, tetrahydrofurfuryldisulfide.<br />TTG, T-cell translocation gene.<br />TTG, telethermography.<br />TTG, tellurite, taurocholate, and gelatin.<br />TTGA, tellurite, taurocholate, and gelatin agar.<br />TTH, thyrotropic hormone.<br />TTH, tritiated thymidine.<br />TTI, tension-time index.<br />TTI, timepto-intubation.<br />TTI, time-tension index.<br />TTI, torque-time interval.<br />TTI, transtracheal insufflation.<br />TTN, transient tachypnea.<br />TTP, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.<br />TTR, transthyretin.<br />TTV, therapeutic trial visit.<br />TTWB, toe touch weight bearing.<br />TTX, tetrodotoxin.<br />TU, tuberculin units (in Mantoux test).<br />TUIP, transurethral incision of the prostate.<br />TULIP, transurethral ultrasound-guided laser induced prostatectomy.<br />TUMT, transurethral microwave thermotherapy.<br />TUNA, transurethral needle ablation (prostatic).<br />TUNEL, TdT-mediated-dUTP nick end labeling, enzymatic labeling of DNA fragments in apoptotic cells.<br />TUR, transurethral resection.<br />TURB, transurethral resection of bladder.<br />TURBT, transurethral resection of bladder tumor.<br />TURP, transurethral resection of the prostate; transurethral prostatectomy.<br />TV, total volume.<br />TVA, temporal (beat-to-beat) variability of repolarization in amplitude.<br />TvC, treatment versus control.<br />TVF, target vessel failure.<br />TVH, total vaginal hysterectomy.<br />TVH, turkey virus hepatitis.<br />TVR, target vessel restenosis.<br />TVR, target vessel revascularization.<br />TVT, target value tailored apheresis.<br />TVT, temporal (beat-to-beat) variability of repolarization in time.<br />TVT, tension-free vaginal tape.<br />TVT, thermal vascular test.<br />TVT, total ventilation time.<br />TVT, Transmissible venereal tumour.<br />TvT, treatment versus treatment.<br />TVT, Trivittatus.<br />TVT, tunica vaginalis testis.<br />TVUS, transvaginal ultrasound.<br />TWG, total weight gain.<br />Tx, therapy or treatment.<br />TXA2, thromboxane A2.<br />TXB2, thromboxane B2.<br />Tyr, tyrosine.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-87510739204793631432010-01-04T07:08:00.000-08:002010-01-04T07:09:10.538-08:00Medical Abbreviations (N, O, P)- Useful for Coding and TranscriptionN&M, nerves and muscles.<br />N&T, nose and throat.<br />N&V, nausea and vomiting.<br />N, asparagine.<br />N, Nitrogen.<br />N, normal (concentration of solution).<br />N, regional lymph node metastasis.<br />N/A, not applicable.<br />N/C, nucleocytoplasmic area ratio.<br />N/T, numbness and tingling.<br />N/V, nausea and vomiting.<br />N/V/D/C, nausea/vomiting/diarrhea/constipation.<br />NA, no abnormalities.<br />NA, not admitted.<br />NA, not applicable.<br />NA, not available.<br />Na, sodium.<br />NAA, no apparent abnormalities.<br />NAACCR, <a href="http://www.naaccr.org/">North American Association of Central Cancer Registries</a>.<br />NAAOP, <a href="http://www.oandp.com/organiza/naaop/index.htm">National Association for the Advancement of Orthotics & Prosthetics</a>.<br />NABCO, <a href="http://www.nabco.org/">National Alliance of Breast Cancer Organizations</a>.<br />NABS, normoactive bowel sounds.<br />NaC, Na channels.<br />NAC, N-acetyl-L-cysteine.<br />NAC, nascent polypeptide associated complex.<br />NAC, nitrogen assimilation control protein.<br />NAC, non-amyloid component (of Alzheimer's disease amyloid), alpha-synuclein.<br />Nac, nucleus accumbens.<br />NaCl, sodium chloride.<br />NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.<br />NAD, no active disease.<br />NAD, no acute disease.<br />NAD, no acute distress.<br />NAD, no apparent distress.<br />NAD, nothing abnormal detected.<br />NADP, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate.<br />NADW, National Arthritis Data Workgroup.<br />NAI, no acute infection.<br />NAON, <a href="http://www.inurse.com/~naon">National Association of Orthopaedic Nurses</a>.<br />NAOT, <a href="http://www.realsolutions.org/naot.htm">National Association of Orthopaedic Technologists</a>.<br />NAPRA, <a href="http://www.napra.org/">National Association of Pharmacy Regulatory Authorities</a>.<br />NAR, narcotic.<br />NAR, no action required.<br />NARD, National Association of Retail Druggists.<br />NARD, Netherlands Centre for Monitoring of Adverse Reactions to Drugs.<br />NARD, no apparent respiratory distress.<br />NARD, nominal absorbed radiation dose.<br />NAS, <a href="http://www2.nas.edu/nas/">National Academy of Sciences</a>.<br />NASH, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.<br />NASPEM, <a href="http://www.naspem.org/index.htm">North American Society for Pediatric Exercise Medicine</a>.<br />NASS, <a href="http://www.spine.org/">North American Spine Society</a> (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/relorg.htm">AAOS Related Organizations</a>).<br />NAT, nucleic acid amplification testing.<br />NATA, <a href="http://www.nata.org/">National Athletic Trainers Association</a>.<br />NaTT, sodium tetrathionate.<br />NB, newborn.<br />NBI, no bone injury.<br />NBM, nothing by mouth.<br />NBP, non-invasive blood pressure.<br />NBS, normal breath sounds.<br />NC, no change.<br />NC, no complaint.<br />NC, non-contributory.<br />NC, nuclear cytoplasmic (ratio).<br />NC/AT, normocephalic/atraumatic.<br />NCBI, <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/">National Center for Biotechnology Information (US)</a>.<br />NCC, <a href="http://www.ncc.gov.au/">National Competition Council</a> (AU).<br />NCC, <a href="http://www.ncc.org.uk/">National Consumer Council</a> (UK).<br />NCC, <a href="http://www.ncs.gov/ncc/">National Coordinating Center</a>.<br />NCCF, <a href="http://www.nccf.org/">National Childhood Cancer Foundation (USA)</a>.<br />NCCI, National Consultative Committee on Immunization.<br />NCCI, nervi corpori cardiaci interni.<br />NCCI, noncardiac cerebral ischemia.<br />NCCLS, <a href="http://www.nccls.org/">National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards</a>.<br />NCD, not considered disabling.<br />NCEP, National Cholesterol Education Program.<br />NCHS, National Center for Health Statistics.<br />NCI, <a href="http://www.nci.nih.gov/">National Cancer Institute (USA)</a>.<br />NCNS, no complications, no sequelae.<br />NCO, no complaints offered.<br />NCPP, National Collaborative Perinatal Project.<br />NCR paper, no carbon required paper.<br />NCR, no cardiac resuscitation.<br />NCRA, <a href="http://www.ncra-usa.org/">National Cancer Registrars Association (USA)</a>.<br />NCS, nerve conduction studies.<br />NCV, nerve conduction velocities.<br />NCV, non-cholera vibrios.<br />NCV, nuclear coefficient of variance.<br />ND, non distended.<br />ND, nondisabling.<br />NDA, new drug application.<br />NDF, neutral detergent fiber.<br />NDSAC, <a href="http://www.napra.org/ndsac/ndsac.html">National Drug Scheduling Advisory Committee</a> (Canada).<br />NE, nerve ending.<br />NE, neurologic examination.<br />NEC, necrotizing enterocolitis.<br />NEC, Nursing Education Coalition.<br />NECCR, <a href="http://www.ncl.ac.uk/~nchwww/neccr/neccr.html">North of England Children's Cancer Research Unit</a>.<br />NED, no effort detected.<br />NED, no evidence of disease.<br />NEFA, non-esterified fatty acids.<br />neg, negative.<br />NEJM, <a href="http://www.nejm.org/">New England Journal of Medicine</a>.<br />NEO, neostigmine.<br />NER, no evidence of recurrence.<br />NERD, no evidence of recurrent disease.<br />NETA, norethisterone acetate.<br />Neuro - neurology, neurological<br />NFR, not for resuscitation.<br />NFRA, <a href="http://www.teleport.com/~nfra/">National Fibromyalgia Research Association (US)</a>.<br />NFs, neurofilaments.<br />ng, nanogram (millimicron) - 0.000000001 gram.<br />NG, N-G, nasogastric.<br />NGO, Non-Governmental Organization.<br />NGT, nasogastric tube.<br />NGU, nongonococcal urethritis.<br />NH, natural health.<br />NH, neurologic history.<br />NH, neuropsychiatric hospital.<br />NH, nursing home<br />NHANES, II, Second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.<br />NHANES, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.<br />NHIS, National Health Interview Survey.<br />NHL, non Hodgkin's lymphoma.<br />NHSCR, National Health Service Central Registry (UK).<br />NIA, National Institute on Aging.<br />NIAMS, <a href="http://www.nih.gov/niams/">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (US)</a>.<br />NICU, neonatal intensive care unit.<br />NICU, neurointensive care unit.<br />NIDA, National Institute on Drug Abuse.<br />NIDDM, non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, type II.<br />NIDRR, <a href="http://inet.ed.gov/offices/OSERS/NIDRR/intro1.html">National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research</a>.<br />NIF, negative inspiratory force.<br />NIH, <a href="http://www.nih.gov/">National Institute of Health (US)</a>.<br />NII, neuronal intranuclear inclusion.<br />NIL, nothing.<br />NIMH, National Institute of Mental Health.<br />NIP, no infection present; no inflammation present.<br />NIPB, non-invasive blood pressure.<br />NIRS, Near Infrared Spectroscopy.<br />NIRVANA, NIR Vascular Advanced North American.<br />NISMAT, <a href="http://www.nismat.org/">Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma</a>.<br />NK, natural killer cells (large lymphocytes, part of the immune system).<br />NK, not known.<br />NKA, no known allergies.<br />NKCA, <a href="http://www.nkca.org/">National Kidney Cancer Association (USA)</a>.<br />NKD, no known disease.<br />NKDA, no known drug allergies.<br />NKHS, non-ketotic hyperosmolar syndrome.<br />NL, normal limits.<br />NL, normal.<br />NLG, natural latex gloves.<br />NLG, nerve conduction velocities.<br />NLG, Nictitans lacrimal gland.<br />NLG, noreleagnine.<br />NLM, <a href="http://www.nlm.nih.gov/">National Library of Medicine</a> (part of NIH).<br />NLP, no light perception; normal light perception.<br />NLS, nuclear localization signal.<br />NLT, not lower than.<br />NM, neuromuscular.<br />NM, nodular melanoma.<br />NM, not measured.<br />NM, not mentioned.<br />NMA, neurogenic muscular atrophy.<br />NMBA, neuromuscular blocking agent.<br />NMdNM, N-methyl-1-deoxynojirimycin.<br />NMDP, National Marrow Donor Program.<br />NMJ, neuromuscular junction.<br />NMKI, Nordic Committee for Food Analysis.<br />NMR, nuclear magnetic resonance (scan).<br />NMS, neuroleptic malignant syndrome.<br />NMSC, non melanoma skin cancer.<br />NMSS, <a href="http://www.nmss.org/">National Multiple Sclerosis Society</a>.<br />NMT, not more than.<br />NMZL, nodal marginal zone b-cell lymphoma.<br />NN, neonatal; nerves; nurse notes.<br />NNFF, <a href="http://nf.org/">National Neurofibromatosis Foundation (USA)</a>.<br />NNP, 4-hydroxy-3.5-dinitrophenyl.<br />NNP, diabetic non-neuropathic.<br />NNP, neonatal nurse practitioners.<br />NNP, nerve net pulses.<br />NNP, N-nitroso-2-nitrophenacetin.<br />NNP, N-nitrosopiperidine.<br />NNP, N-nitrosopropranolol.<br />NNP, N-nitrosopyrrolidine.<br />NNP, non-histone nuclear proteins.<br />NNP, non-neoplastic pneumopathy.<br />NNP, nonneoplastic polyps.<br />NNP, non-pregnant normotensive women.<br />NNP, normal non-pregnant.<br />NNP, nose/nasopharynx.<br />NNP, sodium nitroprusside.<br />NNP-1, novel nuclear protein (HGMW-approved symbol D21S2056E).<br />NNPs, nerve net pulses.<br />NNR, not necessary to return.<br />NNT, number needed to treat.<br />NO, nitric oxide.<br />no, number.<br />NO2, nitrogen dioxide.<br />NOAEL, no observable adverse effect level.<br />NOC, night.<br />NOD, non-obese diabetic.<br />NOEL, no observable effect level.<br />NOF, <a href="http://www.nof.org/">National Osteoporosis Foundation</a>.<br />NOF, neck of femur.<br />NOHA, Nominal Ocular Hazard Area.<br />NOK, next of kin.<br />NONAS, number of non-aligned proximal tooth surfaces.<br />non-IgSF, non-Ig superfamily.<br />NONMEM, nonlinear mixed effect model.<br />NOP, no ocular pain; not otherwise provided for.<br />NORD, <a href="http://www.pcnet.com/~orphan/">National Organization for Rare Disorders (USA)</a>.<br />NOS, nitric oxide synthase.<br />NOS, no organisms seen.<br />NOS, not on staff;<br />NOS, not otherwise specified.<br />NotI, restriction enzyme from Nocardia otitidis-cavarium.<br />NOV, <a href="http://www.ziekenhuis.nl/domeinen/orthopeed/">Nederlandse Orthopaedisch Vereniging (Dutch Orthopaedic Association)</a>.<br />NP, nasopharynx; neuropathology; not palpable.<br />NP, nonpreferring (alcohol).<br />NP, nurse practitioner.<br />NPC, nasopharyngeal carcinoma.<br />NPC, no previous complaint<br />NPCMD, p-nitrophenoxycarbonyl methyl disulfide.<br />NPD, no pathologic diagnosis.<br />NPDL, nodular poorly differentiated lymphocytes.<br />NPH, neutral protamine Hagedorn - an intermediate acting insulin.<br />NPH, no previous history.<br />NPI, National Program of Immunization.<br />NPI-NH, neuropsychiatric inventory/nursing home.<br />NPN, nonprotein nitrogen (BUN and creatinine).<br />nPNA, normalized protein nitrogen appearance rates.<br />NPO MN, nothing by mouth after midnight.<br />NPO, nil per os - nothing by mouth.<br />NPP, National Population Policy.<br />NPT, normal pressure and temperature.<br />NPV, negative predictive value.<br />NQMI, non-Q-wave myocardial infarction.<br />NQWMI, non-Q-wave myocardial infarction.<br />NR, nerve root.<br />NR, not recommended.<br />NR, not remarkable.<br />NRBC, nucleated red blood cells.<br />NRC, <a href="http://www.nas.edu/nrc/">National Research Council</a>.<br />NRCS, Natural Resources Conservation Service.<br />NRCT, National Registry of Childhood Tumors (UK) held by the CCRG at Oxford.<br />NRI, nerve root involvement or irritation.<br />NRL, natural rubber latex.<br />NRM, normal range of motion.<br />NRN, no return necessary.<br />NROM, normal range of motion.<br />NRT, nicotine replacement therapy.<br />NRTI, nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors.<br />NS, nephrotic syndrome.<br />NS, nerves; neurosurgery; no show, nonspecific.<br />NS, nonserrated cells (type of basal epidermal cells).<br />NS, normal saline (solution).<br />NS5A. nonstructural protein 5A.<br />NSA, no significant abnormalities.<br />NSAD, no sign of significant disease.<br />NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.<br />NSC, neurosecretory cells.<br />NSC, no significant change.<br />NSCIA, <a href="http://www.erols.com/nscia/">National Spinal Cord Injury Association</a>.<br />NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer.<br />NSD, no significant defect.<br />NSD, normal spontaneous delivery.<br />NSDD-38, National Security Decision Directive-38.<br />NSE, neuron-specific enolase - a neural marker.<br />NSE, non-specific esterase.<br />NSF, no significant findings.<br />NSG, nursing.<br />NSH, National Health Service (UK).<br />NSHD, nodular sclerosing Hodgkin's disease.<br />NSI, no sign of infection, inflammation.<br />NSM, neurosecretory material.<br />NSMI, <a href="http://www.nsmi.org.uk/">National Sports Medicine Institute of the United Kingdom</a>.<br />NSR, non significant result.<br />NSR, normal sinus rhythm.<br />NSS, normal saline solution; normal size and shape.<br />NSVD, normal spontaneous vaginal delivery.<br />NSX, N4-acetylsulfisoxazole.<br />NSx, neonatally splenectomized (animals).<br />NT, naso-tracheal; nerve treatment; normal temperature; no test, not tested.<br />NT, non tender.<br />NT, normal range.<br />nt, nucleotide.<br />NTD, neural tube defect.<br />NTG, nitroglycerine.<br />NTM, nontuberculous mycobacteria.<br />NTP, National Toxicology Program.<br />NTP, normal temperature and pressure.<br />NTS, nucleus tractus solitarius.<br />NUFIP, nuclear FMRP-interacting protein.<br />NV, nausea vomiting.<br />NV, neurovascular.<br />NVD, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea.<br />NVI, iris neovascularization.<br />NWB, non-weight bearing.<br />NWOTA, <a href="http://www.nwota.demon.co.uk/Index.htm">North West Orthopaedic Trainees Association</a><br />NXG, necrobiotic xanthogranuloma.<br />NYD, not yet diagnosed.<br />NYHA, New York Heart Association.<br /><br />O&E, observation and examination<br />O&P, ova and parasite<br />O.&A., odontectomy and alveolectomy<br />O/E, on examination.<br />O:, objective.<br />O’p-DDD, mitotane.<br />O2, oxygen<br />OA, occiput posterior.<br />OA, osteoarthritis.<br />OAP, osteoarthropathy.<br />OARG, <a href="http://org-wrist.ucsf.edu/">Osteoporosis and Arthritis Research Group</a>.<br />OARS, <a href="http://www.hypercon.com/evolve/oars.htm">Osteoarthritis Research Society</a>.<br />OATA, <a href="http://www.oata.org/">Ohio Athletic Trainers Association</a>.<br />OATS, osteochondral autograft transfer system.<br />OB, obstetrics.<br />OB/OJ ratio, overbite (OB) and horizontal overjet (OJ) ratio.<br />Ob-GYN, obstetrics and gynecology.<br />OBJ, object; objective.<br />OBL, oblique.<br />OBP, ova, blood and parasites.<br />OBS, observer.<br />OBS, obstetrics.<br />OBS, organic brain syndrome.<br />OC, obsessive/compulsive.<br />OC, on call<br />OC, oral contraceptive; office call.<br />OCC, occasionally.<br />OCC, occiput.<br />OCC, occupation.<br />OCD, obsessive-compulsive disorder.<br />OCD, osteochrondritis dissecans.<br />OCE, comprehensive exam.<br />OCE, observable cholinomimetic effects.<br />OCE, odd-carbon fatty acid enriched.<br />oCE, oligomeric carboxylesterases.<br />OCE, oral conjugated estrogens.<br />OCE, osteocartilaginous exostoses.<br />OCEs, Oct-containing composite elements.<br />OCF, occipital-frontal circumference.<br />OCG, oral cholecystogram.<br />OCP, oral contraceptive pills.<br />OCS, open canalicular system (about platelets).<br />OD, (oculus dexter) right eye.<br />OD, occupational disease.<br />OD, officer of the day.<br />OD, once daily.<br />OD, optic density.<br />OD, outer diameter.<br />OD, overdose.<br />ODA, on day of admission.<br />ODN, oligodeoxynucleotide.<br />ODS, Oswestry Disability Score.<br />OE, on examination; orthopedic examination; otitis externa<br />OECI, <a href="http://www.uicc.ch/oeci/">Organization of European Cancer Institutes</a>.<br />OES, old English sheepdog.<br />OFFA, <a href="http://www.offa.org/">Orthopaedic Foundation for Animals</a>.<br />OGE, U.S.Office of Government Ethics.<br />OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.<br />OH, occupational history.<br />OHCS(17-), 17-hydroxcorticosteroids.<br />OHS, open heart surgery.<br />OIA, optical immunoassay.<br />OIF, <a href="http://www.oif.org/">Osteogenesis Imperfecta Foundation</a>.<br />Oint, ointment.<br />OJ, isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase.<br />OJ, obstructive jaundice.<br />OJ, orange juice.<br />OJ, Orthodontist Judgment.<br />OJ, overjet (type of maloclusion).<br />OL, open label.<br />OLSNA, <a href="http://www.olsna.com/">Orthopaedic Laser Society of North America</a>.<br />OM, obtuse marginal artery.<br />OM, occupational medicine.<br />OM, osteopathic manipulation.<br />OM, otitis media.<br />OMCTS, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane.<br />OMS, osteomyelosclerosis.<br />ON, optic neuritis.<br />ONC, oncology.<br />ONDCP, Office of National Drug Control Policy.<br />ONFH, osteonecrosis of the femoral head.<br />OO, osteoid osteoma.<br />OOB, out of bed.<br />OOH, out of hospital.<br />OOP, out of plaster.<br />OP, occiput posterior.<br />OP, operation.<br />OP, opponens pollicis.<br />OP, out patient.<br />OPC, oculopalatocerebral (syndrome).<br />OPC, outpatient clinic.<br />OPCA, olivopontocerebellar atrophy.<br />OPCD, olivopontocerebellar degeneration.<br />OPCOS, oligomenorrheic polycystic ovary syndrome.<br />OPD, obstetric prediabetic.<br />OPD, optical path difference.<br />OPD, otopalatodigital (syndrome).<br />OPD, outpatient department.<br />OPD, outpatient dispensary.<br />OPD, p-phetiylenediamine.<br />OpDent, operative dentistry.<br />OPDG, ocular plethysmodynamography.<br />OPG, ocular pneumoplethysmography.<br />opg, opening.<br />OPG, orthopantomograin.<br />OPG, osteoprotegerin.<br />OPG, oxypolygelatin.<br />OPH, obliterative pulmonary hypertension; ophthalmia.<br />OPH, Oph ophthalmology; ophthalmoscopy, ophthalmoscope.<br />OPHC, Office of Prepaid Health Care.<br />OphD, Doctor of Ophthalmology.<br />Ophth, ophthalmology.<br />OPI, obliteration prediction index.<br />OPI, oculoparalytic illusion; Omnibus Personality Inventory.<br />OPI, opiates.<br />OPI, osteoblastic proliferation index.<br />OPI, overproduction inhibition.<br />OPIDN, organophosphorus-induced delayed neuropathy.<br />OPK, optokinetic.<br />OPL, other party liability; outer plexiform layer; ovine placental lactogen.<br />OPLL, ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament.<br />OPM, occult primary malignancy; Office of Personnel Management; ophthalmoplegic migraine.<br />OPN, ophthalmic nurse; osteopontin.<br />OPO, Organ Procurement Organization.<br />opp, opposite.<br />OPP, opposite.<br />OPP, osmotic pressure of plasma; oxygen partial pressure.<br />OPPA, vincristine, procarbazine, prednisone, Adriamycin.<br />OPPG, oculopneumoplethysmography.<br />OPRD, opiate receptor delta.<br />OPRK, opiate receptor kappa.<br />OPRR, Office of Protection from Research Risks.<br />OPRT, orotate.. pbosphoribosyltransferase.<br />OPRTase, orotate phosphoribosyltransferase.<br />OPS, operations; optical position sensor; osteoporosis-pseudolipoma syndrome; outpatient service; outpatient surgery.<br />OPSA, ovarian papillary serous adenocarcinoma.<br />OpScan, optical scanning.<br />OPSI, overwhelming postsplenectomy infection.<br />OPSR, Office of Professional Standards Review.<br />opt, best (Lat. Optimus); optics, optician.<br />OPT, outpatient treatment.<br />OPT, outpatient; outpatient treatment.<br />OPTHD, optimal hemodialysis.<br />OPV, oral polio vaccine.<br />OPV, oral poliovirus vaccine.<br />OPWL, opiate withdrawal.<br />OR&F, open reduction and fixation; open reading frame.<br />OR, (o)estrogen receptor; odds ratio; oil retention (enema]; open reduction; operating room; optic radiation; oral rehydration; orosomucoid; orthopedic; orthopedic research.<br />OR, open reduction.<br />OR, operating room.<br />Or, orbitale.<br />OR, oriented.<br />O-R, oxidation-reduction.<br />OR, rate of outflow.<br />ORA, opiate receptor agonist.<br />ORA, Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Association <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/specsoc.htm">(AAOS Specialty Societies)</a>.<br />ORALABX, oral antibiotics.<br />ORANS, Oak Ridge Analytical System.<br />ORBC, ox red blood cell.<br />ORBD-NRC, <a href="http://www.osteo.org/">Osteoporosis and Related Bone Diseases - National Resource Center</a>.<br />ORC, oculo-reno-cerebellar [syndrome].<br />Orcb, orchitis.<br />ORD, optical rotatory dispersion; oral radiation death.<br />ORDS, Office of Research, Demonstration, and Statistics.<br />ORE, oil retention enema.<br />OREF, <a href="http://www.oref.org/">Orthopaedic Research and Education Foundation</a>.<br />ORF, open reading frame.<br />ORF, open reading frames.<br />Org, org, organic.<br />ORIF, open reduction with internal fixation (<a href="http://www.mtdesk.com/orth.shtml">sample operative report</a>).<br />OrJ, orange juice.<br />ORJF, open reduction jaw fracture.<br />ORL, otorhinolaryngology.<br />ORM, orosomucoid; other regulated material; oxygen ratio monitor.<br />ORMC, oxygen ratio monitor controller.<br />ORN, operating room nurse; orthopedic nurse.<br />Orn, ornithine.<br />ORNL, Oak Ridge National Laboratoiy.<br />ORO, oil red 0.<br />OROS, oral osmotic.<br />ORP, operating room personnel.<br />ORP, oxidation-reduction potential.<br />ORPM, orthorhythniic pacemaker.<br />ORS, olfactory reference syndrome.<br />ORS, oral rehydration solution.<br />ORS, oral surgery, oral surgeon.<br />ORS, <a href="http://www.ors.org/">Orthopaedic Research Society</a> (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/specsoc.htm">AAOS Specialty Societies</a>).<br />ORS, orthopedic surgeon, orthopedic surgery.<br />ORS, oxygen radical scavengers.<br />ORSA, osteoclast resorption stimulating activity.<br />ORS-ROC, <a href="http://140.116.60.95/~t_bone/ORS/index.html">Orthopedic Research Society, Republic of China</a>.<br />ORT, object relations technique; operating room technician; oral rehydration therapy.<br />ORT, operating room technician.<br />orth, ortho orthopedics, orthopedic.<br />Ortho, ORTH, orthopedics.<br />ORV, <a href="http://www.orv.com/">Orthopaedic Research of Virginia</a>.<br />ORW, Osler-Rendu-Weber (syndrome).<br />OS, (oculus sinister) left eye.<br />OS, bone.<br />Os, occipitosacral.<br />Os, occupational safety.<br />Os, office surgery.<br />Os, Omenn syndrome.<br />Os, opening snap.<br />Os, operating system.<br />Os, oral surgery.<br />OS, oral surgery.<br />Os, organ specific.<br />OS, oris, mouth or other opening.<br />Os, orthopedic surgeon, orthopedic surgery.<br />Os, Osgood-Schlatter [disease].<br />Os, osmium.<br />OS, osteogenic sarcoma (context bone tumors).<br />Os, osteogenic sarcoma.<br />Os, osteosarcoma.<br />Os, osteosclerosis.<br />Os, oubain sensitivity.<br />Os, overall survival.<br />OS, overall survival.<br />Os, oxygen saturation.<br />OS, ozone safe.<br />OSA, obstructive sleep apnea.<br />OSA, Office of Services to the Aging.<br />OSA, <a href="http://www.osa.org/">Optical Society of America</a>.<br />OSA, ovarian sectional area.<br />OSAE, Orthopaedic Special Assessment Examination (<a href="http://www.aaos.org/">for AAOS members: Medical Education Section</a>).<br />OSAS, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.<br />osc, oscillation.<br />OSCAR, on-line survey, certification and reporting system.<br />OSCC, oral squamous cell carcinoma.<br />OSCE, objective structured clinical examination.<br />OSF, organ system failure; osteoclast-stimulating factor; outer spiral fiber; overgrowth stimulating factor.<br />OSH, Act Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970.<br />OSHA, Occupational Safety and Health Adminstration.<br />OSI, open systems interconnection [reference model].<br />osm, osmole; osmosis, osmotic.<br />OSM, ovine submaxillary mucin; oxygen saturation meter.<br />Osm/kg, osmoles per kilogram.<br />Osm/l, osmoles per liter.<br />OSMED, otospondylometaphyseal dysplasia.<br />osmol, osmole.<br />OSR, oilseed rape.<br />OSRD, Office of Scientific Research and Development.<br />oss, osseous.<br />OSS, over-the-shoulder strap.<br />OST, object sorting test; Office of Science and Technology.<br />osteo, osteoarthritis; osteomyelitis; osteopathy.<br />OSTOP, <a href="http://www.lookup.com/Homepages/55273/home.html">Osteoporosis Society of British Columbia</a>.<br />OSUK, Ophthalmological Society of the United Kingdom.<br />OSV, Orbis Sigma Valves Type I.<br />OT, objective test; oblique talus; occlusion time; occupational therapist, occupational therapy; ocular tension; office therapy; old term (in anatomy).<br />OT, objective test; occupational therapy.<br />OT, occupational therapy, old tuberculin.<br />OT, old tuberculin (Koch's old tuberculin) or Koch's original tuberculin.<br />OT, olfactory threshold; optic tract; orientation test ; original tuberculin; ornithine transcarbamylase; orotracheal; orthopedic treatment; otolaryngology; otology; oxytocin; oxytryptamine.<br />Ot, otolaryngology.<br />OTA, occupational therapy assistant.<br />OTA, Office of Technology Assessment.<br />OTA, ornithine transaminase.<br />OTA, <a href="http://www.ota.org/">Orthopaedic Trauma Association</a> (<a href="http://www.ota.org/nwsltr.htm">Newsletter</a>) (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/specsoc.htm">AAOS Specialty Societies</a>).<br />OTA, orthotoluidine arsenite.<br />OTC, over the counter (a drug that can be obtained without a prescription).<br />OTM, os tibiale mediale.<br />Oto, otology.<br />OTRPC, osm TRPC.<br />OU, (oculus uterqie) each eye.<br />OV, office visit.<br />OWL, <a href="http://www.orthogate.com/owl/index.htm">Orthopaedic Web Links</a>.<br />OXT, oxytocin.<br />oz, ounce.<br /><br />2PD, two point discrimination.<br />6-PGD, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase.<br />P&A, percussion and auscultation<br />P&S, permanent and stationary<br />P(a-ET)CO2, arterial-end tidal PCO2 difference (should be less than 7 mmHg).<br />p(with line over it), after, post.<br />p, pathological.<br />P, periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath (about spleen).<br />P, phosphorus, pressure, pulse, para.<br />P, product.<br />P, proline.<br />p.r.n., pro re nata (as needed).<br />P:, plan.<br />P02, pressure of oxygen<br />p24, viral protein specific to HIV virus.<br />p53, a tumor suppressor gene.<br />PA(S)P, pulmonary artery (systolic) pressure.<br />PA, pernicious anemia.<br />PA, phagocytic activity.<br />PA, physician assistant.<br />PA, polyactive.<br />PA, posteroanterior (view in X-rays).<br />PA, pulmonary artery.<br />PAB, PBS/bovine serum albumin/azide buffer.<br />PAC, porous apatite ceramics.<br />PAC, premature atrial contraction.<br />PACAP, Pituitary adenylate-cyclase-activating polypeptide.<br />PaCO2 (kPa), carbon dioxyde partial pressure in arterial blood.<br />PaCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.<br />PACU, post anesthesia care unit.<br />PAD, palmar adductors.<br />PAD, peripheral arterial disease.<br />PAD, peripheral arteriosclerotic disease.<br />PAD, preliminary anatomic diagnosis.<br />PADP, pulmonary artery diastolic pressure.<br />PAEDP, pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure (normal range 4-13 mmHg).<br />PAF, platelet-activating factor.<br />PAHO, <a href="http://www.paho.org/english/index.htm">Pan American Health Organization</a>.<br />PAI, physical activity index.<br />PAL, posterior axillary line.<br />PALS, pediatric advanced life support (training course).<br />PALS, periarteriolar lymphocyte sheath.<br />PAM, Potential Acuity Meter.<br />PAN, polyarteritis nodosa.<br />p-ANCA, perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies.<br />PAO, periarticular ossification.<br />PaO2, partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood.<br />PAOD, peripheral arterial occlusive disease.<br />PAOP, pulmonary artery occluded pressure.<br />PAOP, pulmonary artery occlusive pressure (a.k.a.PCWP).<br />Pap, Papanicolaou smear.<br />PAP, peroxidase antiperoxidase.<br />PAP, prostatic acid phosphatase.<br />PAP, pulmonary artery pressure (normal mean 9-19 mmHg) .<br />para, number of pregnancies.<br />pares., paresthesias.<br />PARP, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase.<br />PARQ, Parent-Adolescent Relationship Questionnaire.<br />PARQ, Parental Acceptance/Rejection Questionnaire.<br />PARQ, Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire.<br />PARQ, physical activity recall questionnaire.<br />PASG, pneumatic anti-shock garment.<br />PASI, psoriasis area and severity index (scoring of erythema, induration, scaling and involved area).<br />PAT, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia.<br />Path, pathology.<br />PB, phenobarbital.<br />PBB, polybrominated biphenyls (intoxication cause disorders of immune function).<br />PBC, primary biliary cirrhosis.<br />PBD, Pick body dementia.<br />PBI, protein bound iodine.<br />PBL, primary brain lymphoma.<br />PBL, problem-based learning.<br />PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells.<br />PBN, phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone.<br />pBNP, porcine brain natriuretic peptide.<br />PBO, placebo.<br />PBOSRF, <a href="http://www.ortho-spine.com/research.htm">Palm Beach Orthopaedic and Spinal Research Foundation</a>.<br />PBPC, peripheral blood progenitor cells.<br />PBPs, Penicillin-binding Proteins.<br />PBS, phosphate buffered saline.<br />PBS, postprandial bood sugar.<br />PBSC, peripheral blood stem cell.<br />pc, after meals.<br />PC, personal computer.<br />PC, pheochromocytoma.<br />PC, phone call.<br />PC, plasma cells.<br />pc, post cenam, after meals.<br />PC, posterior cervical.<br />PC, present complaint.<br />PCA, patient controlled analgesia.<br />PCB, polychlorinated biphenyls, toxic used in manufacture of electrical transformers.<br />PCB, production cell bank.<br />PCBA, printed circuit board assembled.<br />PCC, primary cell culture.<br />PCCE, pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.<br />PCD, programmed cell death.<br />PCF, posterior cervical fusion.<br />PCG, pancreatico-cholangiography.<br />PCG, paracervical ganglion.<br />PCG, phonocardiogram.<br />PCG, preventive care group.<br />PCG, primate chorionic gonadotropin.<br />PCG, pubococcygeus.<br />PCH, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria.<br />PCIOL, posterior chamber intraocular lens.<br />PCKD, all parameters rechecked.<br />PCKD, polycystic kidney disease.<br />PCL, posterior cruciate ligament.<br />PCL, primary cerebral lymphoma.<br />PCL, primary cutaneous lymphoma.<br />PCLI, bone marrow plasma cell labeling index.<br />PCN, penicillin.<br />PCNA, proliferating cell nuclear antigen.<br />PCNSL, primary central nervous system lymphoma.<br />PCO, polycystic ovaries.<br />PCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide.<br />PCOD, polycystic ovarian disease.<br />PCP, phencyclidine.<br />PCP, Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia.<br />PCP, primary care physician.<br />PCR, polymerase chain reaction.<br />PCT, procalcitonin.<br />PCT, proximal convoluted tubule.<br />PCU, Policy Coordination Unit.<br />PCV, packed cell volume (hematocrit).<br />PCWP, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; normal range: 5 to 12 mmHg.<br />PD, Paget disease.<br />PD, partial denture.<br />PD, per diem.<br />PD, perinatal death.<br />PD, peritoneal dialysis.<br />PD, presenile dementia (Alzheimer).<br />PD, progressive disease.<br />PD, pulmonary disease.<br />PD50, protective dose 50 %.<br />PDA, patent ductus arteriosus.<br />PDA, posterior descending artery.<br />PDAg, Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture.<br />PDAT, pre-senile dementia of Alzheimer type.<br />PDE, phosphodiesterase.<br />PDGF, platelet derived growth factor.<br />PDH, pigment-dispersing hormone.<br />PDLLA, poly D,L-lactic acid.<br />PDLL-D, diffuse poorly-differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas.<br />PDLL-N, nodular poorly-differentiated lymphocytic lymphomas.<br />PDMS, polydimethylsiloxane.<br />PDOH, Pennsylvania Department of Health.<br />PDPC, poorly differentiated papillary carcinomas of papillary thyroid carcinomas.<br />PDQ, Physician's Data Query (CancerNet).<br />PDR, Physician's Desk Reference.<br />PDS, polydioxanone.<br />PDS, poly-p-dioxanone or polydioxanone suture (commercial synthetic absorbable suture).<br />PDS, Progressive Deterioration Scale.<br />PDT, photodynamic therapy.<br />PDTC, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate.<br />PE, phycoerythrin (fluorescent dye used in flow cytometry).<br />PE, physical examination.<br />PE, pleural effusion.<br />PE, point of entry.<br />PE, polyethylene.<br />PE, pulmonary edema.<br />PE, <a href="http://www.graylab.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?Pulmonary+embolism">pulmonary embolism</a>.<br />PEB, cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin.<br />PEC, peritoneal exudate cells.<br />PEC, Petri Enteropathogen Count (plate).<br />PECAM-1, platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD-31).<br />Peds, Pediatrics.<br />PEEK, polyetheretherketone.<br />PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure.<br />PEFR, peak expiratory flow rate.<br />PEG, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.<br />PEG, pneumoencephalogram.<br />PEL, primary effusion lymphoma.<br />PEM, protein-energy malnutrition.<br />PEP A, peptidase A isozyme.<br />PEP B, peptidase B isozyme.<br />PEP C, peptidase C isozyme.<br />PEP D, peptidase D isozyme.<br />pep M24, pepsin extract of type-24 M protein.<br />PEP S, peptidase S isozyme.<br />PEP, phosphoenol-pyruvate.<br />PEP, postexposure prophylaxis.<br />PEP, primer-extension preamplification.<br />PEP/ET, preejection to ejection time.<br />PEPEC, pig enteropathogenic E.coli.<br />PEPP, Payment Error Prevention Program.<br />PER OS, by mouth<br />per, by.<br />per/os, by mouth.<br />PerCP, peridinin chlorophyll A protein (fluorescent dye used in flow cytometry).<br />Peri, around or about (e.g. perirenal = around the kidney).<br />Peri, perineal.<br />PERLA, pupils equal, reactive to light & accommodation.<br />PERRL, pupils equally round and reactive to light.<br />PERRLA, pupils equally round and reactive to light and accommodation.<br />PES, prenatal environmental stress.<br />PET, positron emission tomography.<br />PET, psychosocially enhanced treatment program.<br />PETE, polytetrafluoroethylene.<br />PF, Purkinje fibers.<br />PF4, platelet factor 4.<br />PFCx, prefrontal cortex.<br />PFFD, proximal femoral focal deficiency (<a href="http://www.ohio.net/~pffdvsg/index.html">virtual support group</a>).<br />PFJ, patellofemoral joint.<br />PFO, patent foramen ovale.<br />PFOLA, <a href="http://www.pfola.org/">Prescription Foot Orthotic Laboratory Association</a>.<br />PFPS, patellofemoral pain syndrom.<br />PFS, progression free survival.<br />PFT, pulmonary function tests.<br />PG, phosphate yeast glucose (a broth used in microbiology).<br />pg, picogram - 0.000000000001 gram.<br />PG, proteoglycan.<br />PG, pseudogout (chondrocalcinosis).<br />PGA, polyglycolic acid.<br />PGC, pregastricin; primordial germ cell.<br />PGD,6-, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase.<br />PGD2, endoperoxide-D-isomerase.<br />PGE, prostaglandin E.<br />PGE1, Prostaglandin E1.<br />PGE2, endoperoxide-E-isomerase.<br />PGF, paternal grandfather.<br />PGF2, endoperoxide-F-isomerase.<br />PGH, pituitary growth hormone.<br />PGI2, prostacyclin.<br />PGL, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy.<br />PGP, progressive general paralysis.<br />PGR, progesterone receptor.<br />pH, hydrogen-ion concentration - acid / alkaline<br />PH, past history.<br />PH, plasmactytic hyperplasia.<br />Ph1, Philadelphia chromosome.<br />PHA, phytohemagglutinin.<br />PhD, Doctor in Philosophy.<br />Phe, phenylalanine.<br />PHI, peptide histidine isoleucine.<br />Photo DSC, photo differential scanning calorimeter.<br />PHPT, primary hyperparathyroidism.<br />PHS, phenytoin hypersensitivity syndrome<br />PHSC, pluripotential hematopoietic stem cell.<br />PHTLS, prehospital trauma life support.<br />PHX, past history.<br />PHYSO, physostigmine.<br />PI, permanently implantable.<br />PI, personal injury.<br />PI, positive indices.<br />PI, present illness.<br />PI, protease inhibitor.<br />PIA, performance incentive award.<br />PIA, posterior interosseous artery.<br />PIBIDS syndrome, photosensitivity, ichthyosis, brittle hair, impaired intelligence, decreased fertility, and short stature.<br />PIC, peripherally inserted catheter.<br />PIC, products of incomplete combustion.<br />PICA, postero-inferior cerebellar artery.<br />PICC, peripherally inserted central catheter.<br />PID, pelvic inflammatory disease (<a href="http://www.cdc.gov/epo/mmwr/other/case_def/pelv_inf.html">CDC documentation</a>).<br />PiD, Pick’s disease.<br />PID, prolapsed intervertebral disc.<br />PIE, Practical Incidence Estimators.<br />PIE, Problem-Intervention-Evaluation (system).<br />PIE, pulmonary infiltration with eosinophilia.<br />PIG-A, phosphatidylinositol glycan-class A (gene).<br />PIG-A, phosphatydilinositolglycan A.<br />PIH, pregnancy-induced hypertension.<br />PIH, pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone.<br />PIL, peripheral intravenous line.<br />PIM, pre-installation maintenance.<br />PIN, posterior interosseous nerve.<br />PIP, proximal interpalangeal.<br />PIP, proximal interphalangeal joint.<br />PIP2, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-biphosphate.<br />PIPC, piperacillin.<br />PIPJ, proximal interpalangeal joint.<br />PIV, peripheral intravenous (line).<br />PK, pain killer.<br />PKU, phenylketonuria.<br />PL, posterolateral.<br />PLA, phospholipases.<br />PLA, polylactic acid.<br />PLAP, placental alkaline phosphatase.<br />PLF, posterior lumbar fusion.<br />PLGA, polylactic/glycolic acid.<br />PLIF, posterolateral interbody fusion.<br />PLL, prolymphocytic leukemia.<br />PLNs, peripheral lymph nodes.<br />PLO-SL, polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy (Nasu-Hakola syndrome).<br />PLR, pupillary light reflex.<br />plt, paucity of lymph node T cell mutation.<br />PLT, platelet.<br />PLT, post-liver transplantation.<br />PLT, primary lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma.<br />PLT, primed lymphocyte tests.<br />PLT, psittacosis-lymphogranuloma-trachoma group viruses.<br />PM&R, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.<br />PM, petit mal.<br />PM, polymyositis.<br />PM, post meridian (afternoon).<br />PM, postmitotic cells.<br />PM, postmortem.<br />PM, post-nasal.<br />PMA, positive mental attitude; progressive muscular atrophy<br />PMB, postmenopausal bleeding.<br />PMBL, primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma.<br />PMD, private medical doctor<br />PMH, past medical history.<br />PMI, maxillary primary incisors.<br />pMI, mitotic index of proliferating cell population.<br />PMI, pacemaker implantation.<br />PMI, pain management index.<br />PMI, Pain Management Inventory.<br />PMI, painless myocardial infarction.<br />PMI, panoramic mandibular index.<br />PMI, past medical illness.<br />PMI, paternal meiosis I.<br />PMI, perioperative myocardial infarction.<br />PMI, phosphomannose isomerase.<br />PMI, placental membrane inflammation.<br />PMI, plasma membrane integrity.<br />PMI, point of maximum impact<br />PMI, pollen mitosis one.<br />PMI, posterior myocardial infarctions.<br />PMI, postmortem interval.<br />PMI, power motion imaging.<br />PMI, Pressure Management Indicator.<br />PMI, Prevention Marketing Initiative.<br />pMI, previous myocardial infarction.<br />PMI, prolonged mechanical inspiration.<br />PMI, prostate malignancy index.<br />PMI, psoas minor muscle.<br />PMII, paternal meiosis II.<br />PMK, primary monkey kidney.<br />PML, promyelocytic leukemia and its gene on chromosome 15 (previously named myl).<br />PMMA, polymethylmethacrylate.<br />PMN, polymorphonuclear leukocytes.<br />PMP, previous menstrual period.<br />PMP22, Peripheral myelin protein 22.<br />PMR, protonic magnetic resonance (analysis).<br />PMR, psychomotor retardation.<br />PMS, premenstrual tension syndrome (late luteal phase dysphoric disorder).<br />PN, pain.<br />PNA, protein equivalent of total nitrogen appearance.<br />PNC, postnecrotic liver cirrhosis.<br />PNC, prenatal care.<br />PND, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.<br />PND, postnatal day.<br />PNET, primitive neuroectodermal tumor.<br />PNF, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation.<br />PNH, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.<br />PNI, peripheral nerve injury<br />PNMT, phenylethanolamine-N-methyl-transferase.<br />PNP, pooled normal plasma.<br />PNS, peripheral nervous system.<br />PO sus rel, PO (by mouth) sustained release.<br />PO, (per os) orally, by mouth.<br />PO, post-operative.<br />PO, postovulatory.<br />PO2, Partial pressure of oxygen<br />POC, point-of-care.<br />POC, products of conception.<br />POD, postoperative day.<br />POD, postovulatory day.<br />POEMS (syndrome), polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclonal gammopathy, and skin lesions.<br />POG, <a href="http://pog.ufl.edu/">Pediatric Oncology Group (USA)</a>.<br />poly, prefix for multiple.<br />polys, polymorphonuclear cells.<br />PONF, Paediatric Oncology Nurses Forum (UK).<br />POP, plaster of paris.<br />Pop, popliteus tendon.<br />POS, Piedmont Orthopaedic Society.<br />pos, positive.<br />POSI, Paediatric Orthopaedic Society of India.<br />POSNA, Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/specsoc.htm">(AAOS Specialty Societies)</a>.<br />poss., possible.<br />post, posterior.<br />post-op, post-operative(ly).<br />postop, postoperative.<br />POTS, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome.<br />POX, point of exit<br />POX, pulse oximetry.<br />PP&A, palpation, percussion and auscultation<br />PP, per protocol.<br />PP, Peyer's patches.<br />PP, phosphoprotein phosphatase.<br />PP, positive pressure.<br />pp, postpartum.<br />pp, postprandial.<br />PP, presenting problem.<br />PP, private physician.<br />PPA, primary progressive aphasia.<br />PPARalpha, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-alpha.<br />PPD, packs per day.<br />PPD, permanent partial disability.<br />PPD, purified protein derivative (of tuberculin).<br />PPE, personal protective equipment.<br />PPG, peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum.<br />PPG, portosystemic pressure gradient.<br />PPH, past pertinent history.<br />PPH, post-partum hemorrhage<br />PPH, primary pulmonary hypertension.<br />PPHN, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.<br />PPLO, pleuropneumonia-like organisms.<br />ppm, parts per million.<br />PPMC, physician practice management companies.<br />PPMS, primary progressive multiple sclerosis.<br />PPND, pallido-ponto-nigral degeneration.<br />PPP, pregnancy-prevention program.<br />PPPE, persistent pigmented purpuric eruption.<br />PPS, pachyman polysaccharides.<br />PPS, pelvic pain syndrome.<br />PPS, pentosan polysulfate.<br />PPS, peripheral pulmonic stenosis.<br />PPs, peroxisome proliferators.<br />PPS, Personal Preference Scale.<br />PPs, Peyer's patches.<br />pps, phosphoenolpyruvate synthase gene.<br />PPs, phosphoprotein phosphatases.<br />PPS, physician, patient and society.<br />PPS, plasminogen-plasmin system.<br />PPS, polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide.<br />PPS, poor progesterone surge (cycles).<br />PPS, popliteal pterygium syndrome.<br />PPS, postpartum psychiatric syndromes.<br />PPS, postpartum sterilization.<br />PPS, postperfusion syndrome.<br />PPS, postpericardiotomy syndrome.<br />PPS, post-polio syndrome.<br />PPS, postpump syndrome.<br />PPS, potentiating paired stimulation.<br />PPS, prenatal psychological stress.<br />PPS, preputial separation.<br />PPS, primary acquired preleukemic syndrome.<br />PPS, professional practice standards.<br />PPS, prospective payment system.<br />PPS, prospective pricing system.<br />PPS, protein plasma substitute.<br />PPS, pulse per second.<br />PPS/PCO, pelvic pain syndrome/polycystic ovaries<br />PPSH, pseudovaginal perineoscrotal hypopospadias.<br />P-PST-1, phenol-sulfating form of sulfotransferases.<br />ppt, part per trillion.<br />PPT, Physical Performance Test.<br />PPT, plasma pregnancy test.<br />PPT, postpartum thyroiditis.<br />PPT-B, Preprotachykinin B.<br />PPV, positive predicitive value.<br />PR, partial response / partial remission.<br />PR, progress record.<br />PR, pulse rate.<br />PR3, proteinase 3.<br />PRA, plasma/peripheral renin activity.<br />PRAMS, Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System.<br />PRAS, prereduced anaerobically sterilized (media).<br />PRBC, packed red blood cells.<br />PRC, proximal row carpectomy.<br />PRCA, pure red cell aplasia.<br />PRE, progressive resistance exercises.<br />pre-op, pre-operative(ly).<br />preop, preoperative.<br />prep, prepare as.<br />Pri, isopropanol.<br />PRIME-MD, Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders.<br />prn, pro re nata - as required, as needed.<br />Pro time, prothrombin time.<br />Pro, proline.<br />PROM, passive range of motion.<br />PROM, premature rupture of membranes.<br />ProMACE-CytaBOM, prednisone, methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, cytarabine, bleomycin, vincristine, methotrexate.<br />prot, protocol.<br />PRP, penicillase-resistant penicillin.<br />PRP, pityriasis rubra pilaris.<br />PrP, prion protein.<br />PRRE, pupils round, regular and equal.<br />Prss14, protease, serine, 14, a gene.<br />PRT, patient refused test.<br />PRUJ, proximal radioulnar joint.<br />PRUL, proximal radioulnar ligament.<br />PS, parasegment.<br />PS, paraspinous.<br />PS, physical status.<br />PS, present symptoms.<br />PSA, prostate-specific antigen.<br />PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis.<br />PSCR, peripheral stem cell rescue.<br />PSCT, peripheral stem cell transplant.<br />PSD, passive sampling devices.<br />PSEF, <a href="http://www.plasticsurgery.org/">Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation</a>.<br />P-selectin (GMP140), adhesion molecule on endothelial cells and platelets.<br />PSF, peak scatter factor.<br />PSF, posterior spinal fusion.<br />PSF, post-sophomore fellow.<br />PSG, progressive subcortical gliosis.<br />PSGN, post streptococcal glomerulonephritis.<br />psi, pounds per square inch.<br />PSIS, posterior superior iliac spine.<br />PSP, phenylsulfonphthalein test.<br />PSP, posterior spinous process.<br />PSS, Perceived Stress Scale.<br />PSSV, pre-study site visit.<br />PST, palmar skin temperature.<br />PST, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.<br />Pst, phosphate-specific transporter.<br />pST, porcine somatotropin<br />PST, problem-solving therapy<br />PST, proximal straight tubule.<br />PST, proximal straight tubules<br />PST, pulse separation time<br />PSTH, poststimulus time histograms.<br />PSTT, placental site trophoblastic tumor.<br />PSUR, periodic safety update report.<br />PSVT, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.<br />PsyD, Doctor in Psychiatry.<br />PT, patient.<br />PT, permanent and total.<br />PT, physical therapy.<br />PT, pneumothorax.<br />PT, prothrombin time.<br />pt., patient, pint.<br />PTA Medication, prior to admission medication.<br />PTA, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.<br />PTA, phosphotungstic acid.<br />PTA, prior to admission/arrival.<br />PTAH, phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin.<br />PTC, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.<br />PTCA, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.<br />PTD, permanent total disability.<br />PTFE, polytetrafluoroethylene.<br />PTH, parathyroid hormone.<br />PTHc, C-terminal parathyroid hormone.<br />PTHC, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.<br />PTHC, posttransfusion hepatitis C.<br />PTHrP, parathyroid hormone-related peptide.<br />PTK, protein tyrosine kinases.<br />PTLD, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder.<br />PTMR, percutaneous transmyocardial revascularization.<br />PTO, portal triad occlusion.<br />PTP, <a href="http://espn.sportszone.com/trainingroom/features/00720464.html">Professional Team Physicians</a>.<br />PTR, patellar tendon reflex<br />PTSD, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder <a href="http://www.dartmouth.edu/dms/ptsd/">(National Center for PTSD)</a>.<br />PTT, partial thromboplastin time.<br />PTU, propylthiourcil (antithyroid drug).<br />PTX, pneumothorax.<br />PU, polyurethane.<br />PU, pregnancy urine.<br />PUCP, maximum urethral closure pressure.<br />PUD, peptic ulcer disease.<br />PUD, peri-urethral diathermy (associated with superficial bladder cancer).<br />PUD, pulmonary disease.<br />PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids.<br />pulv, powder.<br />Pulv, pulvinar.<br />PuLv, ventral part of the lateral pulvinar.<br />Pulv-LP, pulvinar-posterior-lateral complex.<br />PuM, medial pulvinar.<br />PUPPP, pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy.<br />PV bleed, per vagina bleed.<br />PV, paravertebral.<br />PV, polycythemia vera.<br />PVA, polyvinyl alcohol fixative.<br />PVB, paravertebral block.<br />PVB, premature ventricular beat.<br />PVB19, parvovirus B19.<br />PVC, premature ventricular contraction.<br />PVC, pulmonary venous congestion.<br />PVD, peripheral vascular disease.<br />PVD, pre-senile vascular dementia.<br />PVNS, pigmented villonodular synovitis.<br />PvO2, mixed venous oxygen tension.<br />PVR, post-void residual.<br />PVR, pulmonary vascular resistance.<br />PVR, pulse volume recorder.<br />PVST, paraventriculospinal tract.<br />PVST, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.<br />PVT, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia.<br />PVT, peripheral vein thrombophlebitis.<br />PVT, periprostatic vein thrombosis.<br />PVT, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia.<br />PVT, popliteal vein transplant.<br />PVT, portal vein thrombosis.<br />pvt-1, plasmacytoma variant translocation-1 gene (on chromosome 15).<br />PWB, partial weight bearing.<br />PWP, pulmonary wedge pressure.<br />PWS, Prader-Willi syndrome.<br />PX, papular xanthoma.<br />PX, physical examination.<br />PX, prescription.<br />PX, prognosis.<br />PXE, pseudoxanthoma elasticum.PZI, protamine zinc insulin - a long acting insulin.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-26695084802824172372010-01-04T07:05:00.000-08:002010-01-04T07:07:03.277-08:00Medical Abbreviations (K L M)- Useful for Coding and TranscriptionK, potassium.<br />KA, ketoacidosis.<br />KASS, Kaneda anterior spinal/scoliosis system.<br />kb, kilobases (1kb = 1000 nucleic acid bases).<br />KB, knee bearing amputation.<br />kcal, kilocalorie (food calorie).<br />KCl, potassium chloride.<br />KCS, keratoconjunctivitis sicca.<br />KD, knee disarticulation.<br />KEE, Klebsiella spp., E.coli, and Enterobacter soo., the lactose fermentation bacteria that are most commonly isloated from urine.<br />KFD, Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease.<br />KFH, Kaiser Foundation Hospital.<br />KFH, killifish.<br />KFH, King Fahad Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.<br />KFT, kidney function test.<br />kg, kilogram.<br />KGS(17-), 17-ketogenic steroids.<br />KI, <a href="http://www.mic.ki.se/Diseases/c5.html">Karolinska Institut (Musculoskeletal Diseases)</a>.<br />KI, potassium iodide.<br />Ki-67, proliferation index.<br />KIA, Kliger iron agar.<br />KID syndrome, keratitis, ichthyosis, and deafness.<br />KJ, knee-jerk.<br />KK, knee kick.<br />KLS, kidney, liver, spleen.<br />KO, keep open.<br />KOH, potasium hydroxide.<br />KR, keratinocytes.<br />KS(17-), 17-ketosteroids.<br />KS, Knee Society <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/specsoc.htm">(AAOS Specialty Societies)</a>.<br />KUB, kidneys, ureters, and bladder.<br />KVO, keep veins open.<br />K-wire, Kirschner wire.<br /><br />L&A, light and accommodation.<br />L&D, labor and delivery.<br />L&H, lungs and heart.<br />L&S, liver and spleen.<br />L&W, living and well.<br />L, Lactobacillus.<br />L, lambda.<br />L, latex.<br />L, Latin.<br />L, left.<br />L, Legionella.<br />L, Leishmania.<br />L, length.<br />L, lente insulin.<br />L, lethal.<br />L, leucine.<br />L, levo-.<br />L, lidocaine.<br />L, ligament.<br />L, light.<br />L, lingual.<br />L, Listeria.<br />L, liter.<br />L, liver.<br />L, low.<br />L, lower.<br />L, lumbar.<br />L, luminance.<br />L, lymph.<br />L, lymphatic invasion.<br />L, lymphocyte.<br />L, outer membrane layer of cell wall of gram-negative bacteria (layer).<br />L, pound.<br />L, syphilis (Latin lues).<br />L/S, lecithin/shingomyelin ratio.<br />L1 - L5, Lumbar vertebrae 1 - 5 (spine e.g. L1 = 1st lumbar vertebra).<br />LA, left atrium.<br />LA, linoleic acid.<br />LA, local anesthesia.<br />Lac, laceration.<br />LAC, long arm cast.<br />LAD, left anterior descending (coronary artery).<br />LAD, left axis deviation.<br />LAD, leukocyte adhesion deficiency.<br />LAD, ligament augmentation device.<br />LAD, linoleic acid-deficient.<br />LAD, low-alcohol-drinking.<br />LADD, laparoscopic appendectomy and duodenocolonic dissociation.<br />LADDs, lifetime average daily doses.<br />LADDs, liquid automatic dishwashing detergents.<br />Ladd's, syndrome, intestinal obstruction from peritoneal bands.<br />LAE, long above elbow (cast).<br />LAH, left atrial hypertrophy.<br />LAM, laminectomy.<br />LAM-1, L-selectin adhesion molecule (on leukocytes).<br />LANC, long arm navicular cast.<br />lap chole, laparoscopic cholecystectomy.<br />LAP, left atrial pressure.<br />LAP, leukocyte alkaline phosphatase.<br />lap., laparotomy.<br />LAR, linoleic acid-rich.<br />LASIK, laser in-situ keratomileusis.<br />LAT, lateral (view in x-rays).<br />lat. flap , latissimus dorsi flap reconstruction.<br />lat., lateral.<br />LATS, long-acting thyroid stimulator.<br />LB, large bowel.<br />LB, Lewy body.<br />LB, Lyme borreliosis.<br />lb., pound.<br />LBB, low back bending.<br />LBBB, left bundle branch block.<br />LBCD, left border of cardiac dullness<br />LBD, Lewy body dementia.<br />LBL, lecture-based learning.<br />LBL, lymphoblastic lymphoma.<br />LBM, lean body mass.<br />LBO, large bowel obstruction.<br />LBO, lower body obesity.<br />LBP, low back pain.<br />LBP, low blood pressure.<br />LBT, low back tenderness.<br />LC, Langerhans' cells.<br />LC, lymphocyte corona.<br />LC50, lethal concentration 50%.<br />LCA, lateral costal artery (branch of internal mammary artery).<br />LCA, left coronary artery.<br />LCA, leukocyte common antigen.<br />LCDCP, limited/low-contact dynamic compression plate.<br />LCE, leg cycle ergometer.<br />LCEA, latency corrected ensemble average.<br />LCEA, lung carcinoma expressed antigens.<br />LCH, Langerhans cell histiocytocis.<br />LCIS, lobular carcinoma in situ (breast carcinoma).<br />LCL, lateral collateral ligament.<br />LCM, left costal margin.<br />LCNEC, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma.<br />LCSW, licensed clinical social worker.<br />LCTA, lungs clear to auscultation.<br />LD, luminance-defined.<br />LD100, lethal dose 100 %.<br />LDF, laser Doppler flowmetry.<br />LDGS, life-death growth standard.<br />LDH, lactic dehydrogenase.<br />LDL cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.<br />LDL, low density lipoprotein.<br />LDM, lipoatrophic diabetes mellitus.<br />LDP, lumbo-dorsal pain.<br />LDRP, Labor Delivery Recovery Postpartum.<br />LDW, low-dose warfarin.<br />LE, left eye.<br />LE, lower extremity.<br />LE, lupus erythematosis.<br />LEE, locus of enterocyte effacement.<br />LEL, lowest effect level.<br />LES, lower esophageal sphincter.<br />LF, left foot; linear fracture; low frequency.<br />LFA, left forearm.<br />LFA, lymphocyte function-associated antigen.<br />LFA-1, lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1.<br />LFB, Luxol fast blue.<br />LFLA, antilactoferrin latex bead agglutination test.<br />LFT, liver function tests.<br />lg, large.<br />LGA, large-for-gestational age.<br />LG-ABN, licking/grooming and arched-back nursing.<br />LGB, lateral geniculate body.<br />LGI, (see GI) lower gastro-intestinal tract.<br />LGV, lymphogranuloma venereum.<br />LH, luteotropic hormone.<br />LHG, left hand grip.<br />LHRH, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone.<br />LHS, left hand side.<br />LIc, lacunar ictus.<br />LIC, left iliac crest.<br />LIMA, left internal mammary artery.<br />LIP, lymphoid interstitial pneumonitis.<br />LIQ, left inner quadrant.<br />LIR, left iliac region.<br />LIS, laboratory information system.<br />LK, left kidney.<br />LKS, liver, kidney, spleen.<br />LL, left lateral.<br />LL, left leg.<br />LL, left lower.<br />LL, left lung.<br />LLB, left lateral bending; long leg brace.<br />LLC, long leg cast.<br />LLCC, long leg cylinder cast.<br />LLD, leg length discrepancy.<br />LLE, left lower extremity.<br />LLF, left lateral flexion; left little finger.<br />LLL, left lower leg; left lower lid.<br />LLL, lower left lobe (lung).<br />LLN, lower limit of normal.<br />LLQ, lower left quadrant (abdomen).<br />LLR, left lumbar region.<br />LLS, long leg splint.<br />LLWC, long leg walking cast.<br />LLX, left lower extremity.<br />LM, lentigo maligna.<br />LMD, left midline deviation; local medical doctor<br />LMM, lentigo maligna melanoma.<br />LMN, lower motor neuron (signs).<br />LMO, local medical officer.<br />LMP, last menstrual period.<br />LMWH, low molecular weight heparin.<br />LN, lupus nephritis.<br />LN, lymph node.<br />LOA, left occipitoanterior.<br />lob , lobular.<br />LOC, level of care.<br />LOC, level of consciousness (in Glasgow Coma Scale).<br />LOC, loss of consciousness.<br />LOD, limit of detection.<br />LOD, loss on drying.<br />LOH, loss of heterozygosity.<br />LOM, left otitis media; limitation of movement; loss of movement.<br />LOQ, left outer quadrant.<br />LOQ, limit of quantification.<br />LOS, length of stay.<br />LOS, lipooligosaccaride (endotoxin virulence factor of N. gonorrhoeae).<br />LOS, loss of sight.<br />LOT, left occiput transverse.<br />LOT, ligament of Treitz.<br />LP, light perception.<br />LP, lumbar puncture.<br />LPA, left pulmonary artery.<br />lpcAB, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core AB cluster genes.<br />lpcC, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) core C gene.<br />LPCC, liver primary cell cultures.<br />LPD, luteal phase defect.<br />lpf, low power field.<br />LPL, lipoprotein lipase.<br />LPLK, lichen planus-like keratosis.<br />LPN, licensed practical nurse.<br />LPS, lipopolysaccharides.<br />LQ, lower quadrant.<br />LQTS, long QT syndrome.<br />LR, lactated Ringer's solution.<br />LREC, Local Research Ethics Committee (UK).<br />LRF, <a href="http://www.leukaemia.demon.co.uk/">Leukaemia Research Fund (UK)</a>.<br />LRFA, <a href="http://www.lymphoma.org/lrfa.html">Lymphoma Research Foundation of America</a>.<br />LRQ, lower right quadrant.<br />LRT, lower respiratory tract.<br />LRTI, ligament reconstruction tendon interposition (procedure).<br />LRTI, lower respiratory tract infection.<br />LS, left side.<br />LS, liver and spleen.<br />LS, lumbar spine.<br />LS, lumbosacral.<br />LSA, left sacrum anterior.<br />LSD, lysergic acid diethylamide.<br />LSF, lateral spread of freeze (of a cryosurgical iceball).<br />LSIL, low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.<br />LSK, liver, spleen, kidney.<br />LSMFT, liposclerosing myxofibrous tumor.<br />LSN, lateral spinal nucleus.<br />LSP, left sacrum posterior.<br />LSP, lumbar spine.<br />LSS,lumbar spinal stenosis.<br />LT, lunotriquetral.<br />Lt., left.<br />LTB4, leukotriene B4.<br />LTC, long term care.<br />LTCF, long term care facility.<br />ltd., limited.<br />LTK, laser thermokeratoplasty.<br />LTR, long terminal repeats.<br />LTR, lower trunk rotation.<br />LTRPC, long TRPC.<br />LUA, left upper arm.<br />LUE, left upper extremity.<br />LUL, left upper lobe (lung).<br />LULA, laparoscopy under local anesthesia.<br />LUOQ, left upper outer quadrant.<br />LUP, specimen lipemic, unable to perform.<br />LUQ, left upper quadrant (abdomen).<br />LV, left ventricle.<br />LVAS, left ventricular assist system.<br />LVEDP, LV end-diastolic pressure.<br />LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction.<br />LVF, left ventricular failure.<br />LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy.<br />LVSEM, low-voltage scanning electron microscopy.<br />LVSF, left ventricular shortening fraction.<br />LW, Large White (pig).<br />LX, lower extremity.<br />LYMP, lymphocyte<br />LyP, lymphomatoid papulosis.<br />LYS, life years saved.<br />Lytes, electrolytes.<br />LZT, low zone tolerance.<br /><br />8-MOP, 8-methoxypsoralen.<br />M&F, mother and father.<br />M&M, Morbidity/Mortality.<br />M, distant metastasis.<br />M, male.<br />M, medulla.<br />m, meter, minim.<br />M, meter.<br />M, methionine.<br />M, Molar.<br />M, monocytes.<br />m, multiple tumors.<br />M.N., mononuclear lymphocytes.<br />M.S.U., midstream urine; monitored stroke unit.<br />M/H, medical history.<br />M0, metastases absent.<br />M1, metastases present.<br />M30, antibody against epitope 387-396 AA of cytokeratin.<br />MA, marketing authorization.<br />MA, Master of Arts.<br />MA, medial amygdala.<br />MA, medical advisor.<br />MA, medical authorization.<br />MA, mental age.<br />MA, moderately advanced.<br />MA, muscle activity.<br />MAbs, maternal derived antibodies.<br />MAC, macerated.<br />MAC, maximum allowable concentration.<br />MAC, membrane attack complex.<br />MAC, minimum alveolar concentration.<br />MAC, Mycobacterium avium complex.<br />MACE, major adverse clinical event.<br />MACOP-B, methotrexate, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, prednisone, bleomycin.<br />MAE, major arrhythmic events.<br />MAE, median absolute error.<br />MAE, medical air evacuation.<br />MAE, medication administration errors.<br />MAE, microwave-assisted extraction.<br />MAE, motion aftereffect.<br />MAE, moves all extremities.<br />MAE, murine aortic endothelial cells.<br />MAE, myoclonic absence epilepsy.<br />MAE, myoclonic-astatic epilepsy.<br />MAG, myelin-associated glycoprotein.<br />MAHA, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia.<br />MAIGA, monoclonal antibody immobilization of granulocyte antigens.<br />MAJ, major; majority.<br />MAL, malignant.<br />MAL, middle axillary line.<br />MALT, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue.<br />mammo , mammogram.<br />MANe, Argosy's Manhattan II, experimentally modified.<br />MANE, The Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis.<br />MANOVA, multivariate analysis of variance.<br />MAO, maximal acid output.<br />MAO, monoamine oxidase.<br />MAOI, monoamine oxidase inhibitor.<br />MAP, mean arterial pressure.<br />MAPSS, multi angle polarised scatter separation.<br />MARCM, mosaic analysis with a repressible cell marker.<br />MAS, manifest anxiety scale.<br />MAS, meconium aspiration syndrome.<br />MAS, meconium aspiration.<br />MASS, massage; massive.<br />MAST, military antishock trousers.<br />MAT, maternal.<br />MAX, maxilla; maximal; maximum.<br />MB ChB, Degrees of Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (UK).<br />MB, muscle balance.<br />m-BACOD, methotrexate, bleomycin, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, dexamethasone.<br />MBC, maximum breathing capacity.<br />MBC, minimum bactericidal concentration.<br />mbcr, minor breakpoint cluster region.<br />MBH, maximum benefit from hospitalization.<br />MBP, major basic protein.<br />MBP, myelin basic protein.<br />MBPC, knee arthroplasty with metal-backed patellar components.<br />MBs, Mallory bodies.<br />MBS, Marie-Bamberger syndrome.<br />MBs, medulloblastomas.<br />MBs, melanoblastoma.<br />MBS, modified barium swallow test.<br />MBs, molecular beacons.<br />MBs, mushroom bodies.<br />MBS, myosin-binding subunit.<br />MC, mast cells.<br />MCA, Medicines Control Agency.<br />MCA, multiple correspondence analysis.<br />McAb, monoclonal antibodies.<br />MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion.<br />mCE, monomeric carboxylesterases.<br />MCF, monocyte chemotactic factor.<br />mcg, µg, microgram.<br />MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin.<br />MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration.<br />MCI, mandibular cortical index.<br />mCi, millicurie.<br />MCI-154, a cardiac Ca2+ sensitizer.<br />MCI-186, a newly-developed free radical scavenger.<br />MCI-2016, bifemelane hydrochloride.<br />MCI-225, a new selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor with 5-HT3 receptor blocking action.<br />MCL, mantle cell lymphoma.<br />MCL, mast cell leukemia.<br />MCL, midclavicular line.<br />MCP, metacarpophalangeal joint.<br />MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein.<br />MCS, mast cell sarcoma.<br />MCS, master cell stock.<br />MCS, motor conduction studies.<br />MCTD, mixed connective tissue disease.<br />MCU, medical care utilization.<br />MCV, mean corpuscular/cell volume (a parameter of red blood cells).<br />MD, medialis dorsalis.<br />MD, Medical Doctor.<br />MD, muscular dystrophy; motion-defined.<br />MDA, 4,4'-methylenedianiline.<br />MDA, maternal derived antibodies.<br />MDA, Medical Devices Agency (UK).<br />MDA, mouse diaphragm assay.<br />MDC, minimum detectable concentration.<br />MDD, Medical Devices Directorate (UK).<br />MDDE, 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)ethene.<br />MDDe, major depressive disorders, endogenous.<br />MDGCR, minimal DiGeorge critical region<br />MDI, meter-dose inhaler.<br />MDII, multiple daily insulin injections.<br />MDM-2, mouse double minute protein.<br />MDR, multi drug resistant.<br />MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome.<br />MDS/MPS, myelodysplastic/myelproliferative syndromes.<br />MDV, Marek disease virus.<br />MDV, multiple dose vial.<br />ME, medical examiner.<br />ME, middle ear.<br />MEC, medical ethical committee.<br />MEC, mitoxantrone, etoposide and Ara-C regimen.<br />MEC, mitoxantrone, etoposide and Ara-C regimen.<br />MED, minimum effective dose; medial.<br />MEDFLAG, Military Medical Exercise.<br />MEDLARS, medical literature analysis and retrieval system.<br />Meds, medication.<br />MEF, maximal expiratory flow.<br />MEFR, maximal expiratory flow rate.<br />MEH, medical eye history.<br />MEIA, microparticle enzyme immunoassay.<br />MEKO, methyl ethyl ketone.<br />MEL, melanoma.<br />MEN I, multiple endocrine neoplasia (1.pituitary; 2.parathyroids; 3.pancreas).<br />MEN II, multiple endocrine neoplasia (1.thyroid; 2.parathyroids; 3.adrenals).<br />MEP, motor evoked potentials.<br />mEq, milliequivalent.<br />mEq/L, milliequivalents per liter.<br />MES, microembolic signals.<br />MESA, myoepithelial sialoadenitis.<br />MET, methamphetamine.<br />Met, methionine.<br />mets, metastases.<br />MF, marrow fibrosis, myelofibrosis.<br />MF/MM, myelofibrosis/myeloid metaplasia.<br />MFD, midforceps delivery; minimum fatal dose.<br />MFT, muscle function test.<br />MFU, medical follow up.<br />MFV, maximum flow velocities.<br />MFW, multiple fragment wounds.<br />Mg, Magnesium.<br />mg, milligram - 0.001 gram.<br />MG, muscle group.<br />MG, myasthenia gravis.<br />MGB, malachite green brucellae medium.<br />MGB, medial geniculate body.<br />MGB, Michaelis-Gutmann body.<br />MGB, micropouch" gastric bypass.<br />MGB, minor groove binder.<br />MGB, monoglucuronosyl bilirubin.<br />MGB, myoglobin.<br />MgCl2, magnesium chloride.<br />MGCT, malignant granular cell tumor.<br />MgD, magnesium-deficient.<br />MGD, mammary gland density.<br />MGD, mean glandular dose.<br />MGd, medial geniculate body dorsal.<br />MGD, meibomian gland disease.<br />MGD, mixed gonadal dysgenesis.<br />MGD, mixed gonadal dysgenesis.<br />MGD, Modulation gap detection.<br />MGD, molybdopterin guanine dinucleotide.<br />MGD, monogalactosyl diacylglycerol.<br />MGD, monolayer growth defect.<br />MGD, Mouse Genome Database.<br />MGD, multiglandular disease.<br />MGD-1, Mediterranean mussel defensin.<br />MGD1, Mytilus galloprovincialis defensin 1.<br />MGD-Fe, N-methyl-D-glucamine dithiocarbamate/ferrous sulfate mixture.<br />MGF, maternal grandfather.<br />MGG, May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain.<br />MGGM, maternal great grandfather.<br />MGUS, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.<br />MGv, medial geniculate body ventral.<br />MH, marital history.<br />MH, medical history.<br />MH, mental health.<br />MHA, May-Hegglin anomaly.<br />MHAM, Mueller-Hinton agar medium.<br />MHB, maximum hospital benefit.<br />MHC, major histocompatibility complex (see HLA).<br />MHPG, 3-methoxy-4-hydrophenylglycol.<br />MHR, maximal heart rate.<br />MI, mental foramen.<br />MI, mental illness.<br />mi, microphtalmia gene.<br />MI, mitral insufficiency.<br />MI, myocardial infarction.<br />MIA, medically indigent adults.<br />MIA, missing in action.<br />MIA, multi-institutional arrangements.<br />MIB1, antibody against Ki-67 (a proliferating marker).<br />mIBG, Radioactive Iodine Metaidobenzoguanidine (mIBG scans or mIBG therapy).<br />MIBI, (99mTc-MIBI or setamibi) Technetium-99m 2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile.<br />MIBI, methoxyisobutylisonitrile( as in 99mTc-MIBI or setamibi = Technetium-99m 2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile).<br />MIC, expressed as or volume percentage (<br />MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration of an antibacterial drug.<br />MICE, Medical Insurance Claim Examiner.<br />MICU, mobile intensive care unit.<br />MID, maximum inhibitory dilution.<br />MID, mesioincisodistal.<br />MID, minimum infective dose.<br />MID, minimum inhibitory dose.<br />MID, minimum irradiation dose.<br />MID, multi-infarct dementia.<br />MID, multiple ion detection.<br />MIDCAB, minimally invasive directed coronary bypass.<br />MIDD, renal monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease.<br />MIF, maximal inspiratory flow.<br />MIFR, maximal inspiratory flow rate.<br />MIH, maturation-inducing hormone.<br />MIH, medication-induced headache.<br />MIH, molt-inhibiting hormone.<br />MIH, mullerian inhibiting hormone.<br />MIH, myointimal hyperplasia.<br />MIN, mammary intraepithelial neoplasia.<br />MIN, minimal; minor.<br />min., minimum, minutes.<br />MIP, maximum intensity projection.<br />MIRL, membrane ingibitor of reactive lysis (CD59).<br />MIS, maximal isometric strength.<br />MIS, melanoma in situ.<br />MIS, minimal incision surgery.<br />MIS, minimally invasive surgery.<br />MISS, <a href="http://www.vegas.infi.net/~isdrf/MISS.htm">minimally invasive spinal surgery</a>.<br />MIT, monoiodotyrosine.<br />Mitf, microphtalmia transcription factor.<br />MIV, impurities and volatile matter.<br />MIV, major injury vector.<br />MIV, major interspecific variant.<br />MIV, maternal intravenous administration.<br />MIV, mature intermediate villi.<br />Miv, matured in vitro.<br />MIV, maximal isocapnic ventilation.<br />MIV, maximization of interclass variance.<br />MIV, maximum increase value.<br />MIV, mean integrated voltage.<br />MIV, mean number of infective vector.<br />MiV, Miltenberger class V-like molecule (a human glycophorin variant).<br />MIV, minimal inhibitory volumes.<br />MIV, minimum immobilizing viscosity.<br />MIV, mitoxantrone, ifosfamide, and etoposide (chemotherapy).<br />Miv, mitral valve.<br />MIV, mivacurium.<br />MIV, Mivazerol.<br />MIV, mosquito iridescent virus.<br />MIV, multivalent influenza vaccine.<br />Miv-CC, mMicrohodotermes viator corpus cardiacum peptide.<br />MK, marked.<br />MK, megakaryocyte.<br />MKV, measles, killed vaccine.<br />ML, maximum to left.<br />ML, midline.<br />ml, milliliter 0.001 liter.<br />MLAT, Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty.<br />MLC, minimum lethal concentration.<br />MLD, minimum lethal dose.<br />MLD, minimum lumen diameter.<br />MLE, mariner-like elements.<br />MLMP, mucinous tumor of low malignant potential.<br />MLO, mediolateral oblique.<br />MLR, mixed lymphocyte reaction.<br />MLU, mean length of utterance (a standard by which speech development is measured).<br />ML-VRI, mandibular lingual vertical releasing incisions.<br />mm Hg, millimeters of Mercury<br />MM, malignant melanoma.<br />mm, millimeter - 0.001 meters.<br />mM, millimole.<br />MM, mucous membrane.<br />MM, multiple myeloma.<br />MM, murmur.<br />MM, muscle mass.<br />MM, muscles.<br />MMA syndrome, metritis-mastitis-agalactia syndrome.<br />MMA, marketing authorization application.<br />MMA, mastitis, metritis, agalactia.<br />MMA, medical management analysis.<br />MMA, medical materials account.<br />MMA, methyl methacrylate.<br />MMA, methylmalonic acid.<br />MMA, middle meningeal artery.<br />MMA, minor morphologic aberration.<br />MMA, mono-methyladenosine.<br />MMA, multiple module access.<br />MMAAP, monomethylaminoantipyrine.<br />MMEFR, maximum mid expiratory flow rate.<br />MMF, maximal midexpiratory flow.<br />MMFR, maximal midexpiratory flow rate.<br />MMG, mechanomyography.<br />MMI, maximum medical improvement.<br />MMI, methimazole.<br />MMMT, malignant mixed mesodermal tumor.<br />MMP, matrix metalloproteinase.<br />MMPI, Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory.<br />MMR, live, attenuated measles-mumps-rubella vaccine.<br />MMS, Mohs micrographic surgery.<br />MMSE, mini-mental state examination.<br />MMST, muscle strength.<br />MMT, manual muscle test.<br />MMTS, maximum mean total score.<br />MMTS, methylmethanethiosulfonate.<br />MN, malignant neoplasm.<br />MND, dementia with motor neuron disease.<br />MNJ, 1-deoxymannojirimycin.<br />MNJ, myoneural junction (disease).<br />mo, month.<br />MOC, maintenance of certification.<br />MOD, medical officer of day; moderate.<br />MOD, moderate.<br />MODEMS, <a href="http://www.modems.org/">Musculoskeletal Outcomes Data Evaluation and Management System</a>.<br />MOI, mechanism of injury.<br />mol wt, molecular weight.<br />MOL, more or less.<br />MOM, milk of magnesia<br />mono, monocytes.<br />MOP, methoxypsoralen.<br />MOPP, mechlorethamine, vincristine (Oncovin), procarbazine, and prednisone (combination of drugs used for treatment of Hodgkin’s disease).<br />mOsm, milliosmole.<br />MP(6-), 6-mercaptopurine (anti cancer drug).<br />MP, melphalan and prednisone.<br />MP, menstrual period.<br />MP, metacarpal phalangeal (also MCP).<br />MP, metatarsalphalangeal joint.<br />MPA, medroxyprogesterone acetate.<br />MPA, microscopic polyangiitis.<br />MPC, maximum permissible concentration.<br />MPC, mucopurulent cervicitis.<br />MPCM, maculopapular cutaneous mastocytosis.<br />MPD, (chronic) myeloproliferative disorder.<br />MPD, maximum permissible dose.<br />MPD, myeloproliferative disorders.<br />MPF, maturation-promoting factor.<br />MPGN, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis.<br />MPH, midparental height.<br />MPK, Minipig Kidney cell line.<br />MPL, Maclura pomifera.<br />MPL, mouse potency level.<br />MPO, Medical and Pediatric Oncology (journal).<br />MPO, myeloperoxidase.<br />MPOA, medial preoptic area.<br />MPP, multipurpose phantoms.<br />MPS, mononuclear phagocyte system.<br />MPS, myeloproliferative syndromes.<br />M-PST, monoamine-sulfating form of sulfotransferases.<br />MPT, mean peripheral temperature.<br />MPT, mechanical pain threshold.<br />MPT, mechanical pressure therapy.<br />MPT, Methylphenidate treatment.<br />MPT, modified physiotherapy.<br />mPT, mutant pertussis toxin.<br />MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,4,6-tetrahydropyridine, a synthetic narcotic related to meperidine that selectively destroys dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra (considered a "designer drug").<br />MPV, mean platelet volume.<br />MPXI, neutrophil myeloperoxidase activity.<br />MR, maximum to right.<br />MR, mental retardation.<br />MR, mitral regurgitation.<br />MR, mutual recognition.<br />MRA, magnetic resonance angiography.<br />MRA, mycoplasma removal agent.<br />MRC, <a href="http://www.nimr.mrc.ac.uk/MRC/">Medical Research Council (UK)</a>.<br />MRCAS, <a href="http://www.mrcas.ri.cmu.edu/">(Center for) Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery</a>.<br />MRCGP, membership examination of the Royal College of General Practitioners.<br />MRD, Medical Records Department.<br />MREC, Multi-center Research Ethics Committee (UK).<br />MRG, murmurs, rubs or gallops.<br />MRI, magnetic resonance imaging.<br />MRKH, Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome.<br />MRL, maximum residual limits.<br />MRM , Modified Radical Mastectomy.<br />MRN, magnetic resonance neurography.<br />mRNA, messenger RNA.<br />MRSA, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus.<br />MRT, mean residence time.<br />MRV, magnetic resonance venography.<br />MS, medical student.<br />MS, minor surgery.<br />MS, mitral stenosis.<br />MS, morphine sulfate.<br />MS, multiple sclerosis.<br />MSAFP, maternal serum a -fetoprotein.<br />MSCT, Multi-Slice CT (scan).<br />MSDS, material safety data sheet.<br />MSF, <a href="http://www.msf.org/">Médecins Sans Frontières</a>.<br />MSG, monosodium glutamate, a food additive causing neuronal necrosis in mice, in high doses.<br />MSH, melanocyte-stimulating hormone.<br />MSL, midsternal line.<br />MSLT, multiple sleep latency test.<br />MSM or DMS, methylsulfonylmethane or dimethylsulfone (CH3SO2CH3).<br />MSO4, morphine sulfate.<br />MSOA, <a href="http://www.msoa.org/">Missouri State Orthopaedic Association</a>.<br />MSP, methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction.<br />MSSE, <a href="http://www.wwilkins.com/MSSE/index.html">Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise</a>.<br />MSSU, mid stream specimen urine.<br />MST, mean survival time.<br />MST, morphine sulfate tablets.<br />MSTI, multiple soft tissue injuries.<br />MSU, midstream specimen of urine.<br />MSU, monosodium urate.<br />MSV, master seed virus.<br />MSW, Mallory-Weiss syndrome.<br />MSW, Master in Social Work.<br />MSW, municipal solid waste.<br />MT, manual traction; maximal therapy; more than; muscles and tendons; muscle test.<br />MTAL, medullary thick ascending limb.<br />MTBI, mild traumatic brain injury.<br />MTD, maximum tolerated dose - phase 1 studies.<br />MTP, metatarsal-phalangeal.<br />MTR, magnetization transfer ratio.<br />MTR, masses, tenderness, rebound.<br />MTRG, masses, tenderness, rebound, guarding.<br />MTS, Musculoskeletal Tumor Society <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/specsoc.htm">(AAOS Specialty Societies)</a>.<br />MTSS, medial tibial stress syndrome.<br />MTX, methotrexate (anti cancer drug).<br />MUA, manipulation under anaesthesia.<br />MUA, medically underserved area.<br />MUD, matched unrelated donor - for bone marrow transplant.<br />MUG, 4-methylumbellyferyl-*-D-glucuronide.<br />MUGA, multigated acquisition (scanning).<br />MUO, myocardiopathy of unknown origin.<br />MUP, maximum urethral pressure.<br />MUP, mouse urinary protein.<br />MUS, muscle.<br />MUSOC, <a href="http://www.musoc.com/">Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Society</a>.<br />MV, medial vestibular nucleus.<br />MV, mitral valve.<br />MVA, motor vehicle accident.<br />MVA, motor vehicle accident.<br />M-VAC, methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, cisplatin.<br />MVc, caudal part of the medial vestibular nucleus.<br />MVC, maximum voluntary contraction.<br />MVC, methotrexate, vinblastine and cisplatin.<br />MVC, microvascular cells.<br />MVC, microvessel count.<br />MVC, microvillar cells (in the olfactory epithelium).<br />MVC, minute virus of canines.<br />MVC, motor vehicle collision/crash.<br />MVMT, movement.<br />MVP, mitral valve prolaps.<br />MVR, mitral valve replacement<br />MVV, maximum volume ventilation; maximum voluntary ventilation.<br />MW, Megawatt.<br />MW, molecular weight.<br />Mx, metastases unknown.<br />MX, metastasis cannot be, or has not been, assessed.<br />MYH11, smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (gene 16p13).<br />myop., myopia.<br />MZ, marginal zone.<br />MZL, mantle zone lymphoma.<br />MZPC, mezlocillin.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-76878136431921262182010-01-04T07:03:00.000-08:002010-01-04T07:04:56.342-08:00Medical Abbreviations (G, H, I, J) -Useful for Coding and Transcription3’:5’-GMP, guanosine 3’:5’-cyclic phosphate.<br />3-GPA, 3-guanidinopropionic acid.<br />G&O, gas and oxygen.<br />G, glycine.<br />g, gm, gram.<br />G, gravida.<br />G, guanine.<br />G, histopathological grading.<br />G/M, granulocyte/macrophage.<br />g/ml, grams per milliliter.<br />G/P, gravida/para.<br />G-1-P, glucose-1-phosphate.<br />G3P, G-3-P, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.<br />G3P, glycerol-3-phosphate.<br />G3PD, glucose-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.<br />G6P, G-6-P, glucose-6-phosphate.<br />G6Pase, G-6-Pase glucose-6-phosphatase.<br />G6PD, G-6-PD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.<br />GA, gastric analysis; general appearance.<br />GA, general anaesthetic/anesthesia.<br />GA, gestational age.<br />GA/BW, 16 gestational age/birthweight categories.<br />GAA, guanine-adenine-adenine codon for glutamic acid.<br />GAC, guanine-adenine-cytosine codon for aspartic acid.<br />GAF score, global assessment of functioning.<br />GAG, guanine-adenine-guanine codon for glutamic acid.<br />GALOP (syndrome), Gait disorder, Autoantibody, Late-age, Onset, Polyneuropathy.<br />GAMC, General Assistance Medical Care.<br />gastroc, Gastrocnemius.<br />GAU, guanine-adenine-uracil codon for aspartic acid.<br />GB, gallbladder.<br />GBD, gallbladder disease.<br />GBM, glomerular basement membrane.<br />GBS, gallbladder series.<br />GBS, Guillian-Barre syndrome.<br />GC, gas chromatography.<br />GC, general condition.<br />GC, germinal center.<br />GC, gonococcal; gonococcus.<br />GC/MS, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.<br />GCA, giant cell arteritis.<br />GCA, guanine-cytosine-adenine codon for alanine.<br />GCC, guanine-cytosine-cytosine codon for alanine.<br />GCDFP-15, gross cystic disease fluid protein 15.<br />GCG, guanine-cytosine-guanine codon for alanine.<br />GCNST, granular cell nerve sheath tumor.<br />GCP, Good Clinical Practice (guidelines).<br />GCRP, good clinical research practice.<br />GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale.<br />G-CSF, granulocyte colony stimulating factor promotes production of white blood cells.<br />GCT, germ cell tumor.<br />GCU, guanine-cytosine-uracil codon for alanine.<br />GD, gastroparesis diabeticorum.<br />G-DAP, Geriatric Draw-A-Person<br />GDM, gestational diabetes mellitus.<br />GDP, Gross Domestic Product.<br />GE, gastroenteritis.<br />GE, gastroesophageal.<br />GE, gradient echo (MRI).<br />Ged, end-diastolic conductances.<br />GED, gas electron diffraction.<br />GED, gastric emptying duration.<br />GED, gastric epithelial dysplasia.<br />GED, general emergency department.<br />GED, general equivalency diploma.<br />GED, generalised exfoliative dermatitis.<br />GED, generalized epileptiform discharges.<br />GED, Gln-enriched diet.<br />GED, glutamic acid diethyl ester.<br />GED, Graves' eye disease.<br />GED, GTPase effector domain.<br />GED, guanidinoethyldisulphide.<br />Ged, left ventricle centers of gravity at end-diastole.<br />GED-ELISA, gel electrophoresis-derived enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.<br />GEDs, Glycosphingolipid-enriched domains.<br />GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease.<br />Ges, end-systolic conductances.<br />GFAP, glial fibrillary acidic protein.<br />GFP, green fluorescent protein.<br />GFR, glomerular filtration rate.<br />GG, gamma globulin.<br />GGA, guanine-guanine-adenine codon for glycine.<br />GGC, guanine-guanine-cytosine codon for glycine.<br />GGG, guanine-guanine-guanine codon for glycine.<br />GGT, gamma-glutamyltransferase.<br />GGT, gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase.<br />GGU, guanine-guanine-uracil codon for glycine.<br />GH, general health.<br />GH, growth hormone (somatotropin).<br />GHBP, growth hormone binding protein.<br />GHD, growth hormone deficiency.<br />GHT, geniculo-hypothalamic tract.<br />GHT, growth hormone therapy.<br />GI, [gaster (Greek)] gastrointestinal.<br />GI, gonion.<br />GIC, glass ionomer cement.<br />GICD, <a href="http://www.gicd.org/">Groupe Internationale Cotrel Dubousset</a>.<br />GIH, gastrointestinal hormone.<br />GIN, glucose/nitrogen ratio.<br />GINS, glucose in normal saline (solution).<br />GIP, gastric inhibitory peptide.<br />GIP, giant cell interstitial pneumonia.<br />GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide.<br />GIP, gonorrheal invasive peritonitis.<br />GIS, Global Information System.<br />GLC, gas-liquid chromatography.<br />Gln, glutamine.<br />GLP, good laboratory practice.<br />Glu, glucose.<br />Glu, glutamic acid.<br />GLU, glutamic acid.<br />gluc, glucose.<br />GLUC, glucosidase.<br />GLUD, glutamate dehydrogenase.<br />GLUDP, glutamate dehydrogenase pseudogene.<br />GLUL, glutamate (ammonia) ligase.<br />GLUR, glutamate receptor.<br />GLUT, glucose transporter.<br />GLV, gibbon ape leukemia virus.<br />GLV, Gross leukemia virus.<br />GLVR, gibbon ape leukemia virus receptor.<br />GLY, gly, glycine.<br />Gly, glycine<br />glyc, glyceride.<br />GM&S, general medicine and surgery.<br />Gm, an allotype marker on the heavy chains of immunoglobins.<br />gm, cal gram calorie.<br />GM, gastric mucosa.<br />GM, Geiger-Muller (counter).<br />G-M, Geiger-Muller (counter).<br />GM, general medicine.<br />GM, genetic manipulation.<br />GM, geometric mean.<br />GM, giant melanosome.<br />gm, GM, gram.<br />GM, gram.<br />gm, gram.<br />g-m, gram-meter.<br />GM-, gram-negative.<br />GM, grand mal (epilepsy).<br />GM, grand multiparity.<br />GM, grandmother.<br />GM, granulocyte-macrophage.<br />GM, gray matter.<br />GM, gross motor.<br />GM, growth medium.<br />gm. neg., gram negative.<br />gm/cc, grams per cubic centimeter.<br />gm/l, grams per liter.<br />GM+, gram-positive.<br />GMA, glyceral methacrylate.<br />GMA, gross motor activity.<br />GMB, gastric mucosal barrier.<br />GMB, granulomembranous body.<br />GMBF, gastric mucosa blood flow.<br />GMC, general medical clinic.<br />GMC, general medical council.<br />GMC, giant migratory contraction.<br />GMC, grivet monkey cell.<br />GMCD, grand mal convulsive disorder.<br />GM-CFU, granulocyte~macrophage colony forming unit.<br />GM-CSF, granulocyte and macrophage colony stimulating factor.<br />GMD, geometric mean diameter.<br />GMD, glycopeptide moiety modified derivative.<br />GME, graduate medical education.<br />GMENAC, Graduate Medical Education National Advisory Committee.<br />GMH, germinal matrix hemorrhage.<br />GMK, green monkey kidney (cells).<br />GML, gut mucosa lymphocyte.<br />gm-m, gram-meter.<br />GMN, gradient moment nulling.<br />g-mol, gram-molecule.<br />GMP, glucose monophosphate.<br />GMP, good manufacturing practice.<br />GMP, granule membrane protein.<br />GMP, guanosine monophosphate.<br />GMPR, guanine monophosphate reductase.<br />GMPs, GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylases.<br />GMR, gallops, murmurs, rubs.<br />GMR, gradient motion rephasing.<br />GMRH, germinal matrix related hemorrhage.<br />GMRI, gated magnetic resonance imaging.<br />GMS, General Medical Service.<br />GMS, geriatric mental state.<br />GMS, Gilbert-Meulengracht syndrome.<br />GMS, glyceryl monostearate.<br />GMS, Gomori methenamine silver stain.<br />GMS, goniodysgenesis-menta1 retardation-short stature (syndrome).<br />GMSC, General Medical Services Committee.<br />GMT, geometric mean titer.<br />GMT, gingival margin trimmer.<br />GMV, gram molecular volume.<br />GMW, gram molecular weight.<br />GN, gaze nystagmus.<br />GN, glomerulonephritis.<br />GN, glucose nitrogen (ratio).<br />Gn, gnathion.<br />GN, gnotobiote.<br />Gn, gonadotropin.<br />GN, graduate nurse.<br />GN, gram-negative.<br />GN, guanine nucleotide.<br />GNA, general nursing assistance.<br />GNAT, guanine nucleotide-binding protein, alpha-transducing.<br />GNAZ, guanosine nucleotide-binding alpha Z polypeptide.<br />GNB, ganglioneuroblastoma.<br />GNB, gram-negative bacillus.<br />GNB, guanine nucleotide-binding (protein).<br />GNBM, gram-negative bacillary meningitis.<br />GNBT, guanine nucleotide-binding protein, beta transducing.<br />GNC, general nursing care.<br />GNC, General Nursing Council.<br />GNC, geriatric nurse clinician.<br />GND, Gram-negative diplococci.<br />GNID, gram-negative intracellular diplococci.<br />GNP, geriatric nurse practitioner.<br />GNP, gerontologic nurse practitioner.<br />GNP, Gross National Product .<br />GNR, gram-negative rods.<br />GnRF, gonadotropin-releasing factor.<br />GnRH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone.<br />GnRHR, gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor.<br />GNTP, Graduate Nurse Transition Program.<br />GO, gastro-(o)esophageal.<br />GO, geroderma osteodysplastica.<br />GO, glucose oxidase.<br />Go, gonion.<br />GO, gonorrhea.<br />GOA, generalized osteoarthritis.<br />GOAT, Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test.<br />GOBAB, gamma-hydroxy-beta-aminobutyric acid.<br />GOE, gas, oxygen, and ether.<br />GOG, Gynecologic Oncology Group.<br />GOH, gemderma osteodysplastica hereditaria.<br />GOK, God only knows (the diagnosis).<br />GOMER, <a href="http://www.cfps.org.sg/sfp/21/212/articles/e212059.html">Get Out of My Examination Room</a>.<br />GOMER, Grand Old Man of the Emergency Room.<br />GON, gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum.<br />GON, Government of Nigeria.<br />GOND, glaucomatous optic nerve damage.<br />GOQ, glucose oxidation quotient.<br />GOR, gastroesophageal reflux.<br />GOR, general operating room.<br />GOS, Glasgow outcome score.<br />GOT, aspartate aminotransferase.<br />GOT, glucose oxidase test.<br />GOT, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase.<br />GOT, goal of treatment.<br />GOTM, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, mitochondrial.<br />GOX, glyphosate oxydoreductase.<br />GP, gangliocytic paraganglioma.<br />GP, gastric pneumatosis.<br />GP, gastroplasty.<br />gp, gene product.<br />GP, general paralysis, general paresis.<br />GP, general practice, general practitioner.<br />GP, genetic prediabetes.<br />GP, geometric progression.<br />GP, globus pallidus.<br />GP, glucose phosphate.<br />GP, glutathione peroxidase.<br />GP, glycerophosphate.<br />GP, glycogen phosphorylase.<br />GP, glycopeptide.<br />GP, glycophorin.<br />GP, glycoprotein.<br />GP, Goodpasture syndrome.<br />GP, gram positive.<br />GP, gross product.<br />GP, group.<br />GP, guinea pig.<br />GP, gutta percha.<br />Gp, parallel conductance.<br />gp46, viral protein specific to HIV virus.<br />GPA(3-), 3-guanidinopropionic acid.<br />GPA(ά-), alpha-D-glucose pentaacetate.<br />GPA, Goodpasture antigen.<br />GPA, grade point average.<br />GPA, Group Practice Association.<br />GPA, growth-promoting activity.<br />GPA, guinea pig albumin.<br />Gpa, the phosphorylated high-activity form of glycogen phosphorylase (GP).<br />GPAIS, guinea pig anti-insulin serum.<br />GPB, glossopharyngeal breathing.<br />GPB, glycophorin B.<br />GPb, the dephosphorylated low-activity form of glycogen phosphorylase (GP).<br />GPC, gastric parietal cell.<br />GPC, gel permeation chromatography.<br />GPC, giant papillary conjunctivitis.<br />GPC, glycophorin C.<br />GPC, granular progenitor cell.<br />GPC, guinea pig complement.<br />GPCI, geographic practice cost index.<br />GPD, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.<br />GPD, glycerol-phosphate dehydrogenase.<br />GPI, glycophosphatidilinositol (anchor surface protein deficient in PNH).<br />GPI, glycosylphosphatidylinositol.<br />GPOH, Gesellschaft fur Padiatrische Onkologie und Hamatologie (German Paed. Onc Group).<br />GPP, good pharmacy practices.<br />GPR, good partial remission.<br />GPx, glucathione peroxydase.<br />GR, gastric resection; great, greater; gross, grossly; group.<br />GR, glutathione reductase.<br />gr, grain.<br />Gra, granulocytes.<br />GRAIL, <a href="http://compbio.ornl.gov/Grail-1.3/">Gene Recognition and Analysis Internet Link</a>.<br />GRAV, Grav., gravida, a pregnant woman.<br />GRE, gradient echo.<br />GRH, growth hormone-releasing hormone (somatocrinin).<br />GRID, gay-related immunodeficiency.<br />GRM, gallop, rub, murmur.<br />GS, glycogen synthase.<br />GSC, gas-solid chromatography.<br />GSH, reduced glutathione.<br />GSM, grams per square meter.<br />GSS, Gerstmann-Str@ussler syndrome.<br />GSS, glucose-saline solution.<br />GSS, <a href="http://www.gss.it/">Gruppo di Studio della Scoliosi e delle Patologie Vertebrali</a>.<br />GSSG, oxidized glutathione.<br />GSW, gun shot wound.<br />GT, gait training.<br />gt, gtt, drop, drops.<br />GTD, gestational trophoblastic disease.<br />GTT, glucose tolerance test.<br />Gtts, drops per minute.<br />GU, (genitalis) genitourinary.<br />GU, gastric ulcer.<br />GUA, guanine-uracil-adenine codon for valine.<br />GUC, guanine-uracil-cytosine codon for valine.<br />GUG, guanine-uracil-guanine codon for valine.<br />Guppying, the complete exterior and interior alteration that most World War II boats experienced after the war.<br />GUU, guanine-uracil-uracil codon for valine.<br />GvHD, graft versus host disease.<br />GVHR, graft vs. host reaction.<br />GXT, graded exercise test.<br />Gy, grays (units of radiation).<br />GYN, gyn, gynecology.<br />GW , gigaohm (one billion ohms).<br />a -GPA, alpha-D-glucose pentaacetate.<br /><br />12-HETE, 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid.<br />H&E, hematoxylin and eosin stain.<br />H&E, hemorrhage and exudate<br />H&H, hematocrit and hemoglobin.<br />H&P, history and physical (examination).<br />H, histidine.<br />h, hour.<br />H, hypodermic, hydrogen.<br />H. flu, Haemophilus influenzae.<br />h.p.f., high power field.<br />H/O, h/o, history of.<br />H2S, hydrogen sulfide.<br />HA, headache.<br />HA, high anxiety.<br />HA, hospital admission.<br />HA, hydroxylapatite.<br />HA/Al, hydroxyapatite coated porous alumni (ceramic).<br />HAA, hepatitis associated antibodies.<br />HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy.<br />HAC, hydroxylapatite ceramic.<br />HACCP, Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point.<br />HAD, high-alcohol-drinking.<br />HADD, highest average daily dose.<br />HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.<br />HaeIII, restriction enzyme from Haemophilus aegyptius.<br />HAL, hypocellular acute leukemia.<br />HAM, human alveolar macrophage.<br />HASCVD, hypertensive arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease<br />HAT, Halsted aphasia test.<br />HAT, harmonic attenuation table.<br />HAT, head, arm, trunk.<br />HAT, heparin-assosiated thrombocytopenia.<br />HAT, hepatic artery thrombosis.<br />HAT, heterophil antibody titer.<br />HAT, high albumin transport.<br />HAT, histone acetyltransferase.<br />HAT, hospital arrival time.<br />HAT, hypoxanthine, aminopterin and thymidine.<br />HAT, hypoxanthine, azaserine and thymidine.<br />Hb, hemoglobin.<br />HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c - used for monitoring blood glucose.<br />HBD, has been drinking.<br />HBD, hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase.<br />HBF, hepatic blood flow.<br />HBIG, hepatitis B immune globuline.<br />Hbp, high blood pressure.<br />HBPV, Hemophillus influenzae type B polysaccharide vaccine.<br />HBSAG, hepatitis B surface antigen.<br />HBSE, Human Behavior & Social Environment.<br />HBV, hepatitis B virus.<br />HC, Hassal’s corpuscles.<br />HCA, hepatic cell adenomas.<br />HCA, Murex Hybrid Capture CMV DNA assay.<br />HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.<br />HCFA, <a href="http://www.hcfa.gov/">Health Care Financing Administration (US)</a>.<br />HCG, human chorionic gonadotropin.<br />HCGs, hyperchromatic crowded groups.<br />HCL, hairy cell leukemia.<br />HCl, hydrochloric acid, hydrochloride.<br />HCM, health care maintenance.<br />HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.<br />HCO3, bicarbonate.<br />HCPS, hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome.<br />HCT, Hct, hct, ht, hematocrit (also packed cell volume, see PCV).<br />HCT, helical computed tomographic.<br />HCTZ, hydrochlorothiazide.<br />HCV, hepatitis C virus.<br />HCV, hog cholera virus.<br />HCVD, hypertensive cardiovascular disease.<br />HD, hearing distance.<br />HD, heart disease.<br />HD, helper-dependent (e.g. adenoviral vectors).<br />HD, hemodialysis.<br />HD, herniated disks.<br />HD, high dose.<br />HD, Hodgkin's disease (lymphoma).<br />HD, hospital day.<br />HDC , high dose chemotherapy (often used as HDC/BMT) /<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7022887545799854107#PSCT">PSCT</a> or /<a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7022887545799854107#PSCR">PSCR</a> ," used with HDC, means with peripheral" stem cell transplant or rescue.<br />HDC, high-dose chemotherapy.<br />HDCT, high-dose chemotherapy.<br />HDCV, human diploid cell vaccine.<br />HDF, human diploid fibroblast.<br />HDL, high density lipoprotein.<br />HDN, hemolytic disease of the newborn.<br />HDPE, high-density polyethylene.<br />HDS, herniated disc syndrome.<br />HE, Hektoen enteric agar.<br />HE, hereditary eliptocytosis.<br />HEADS, home , education & employment, activities, drugs, and sexuality (special history taking technique for adolescents).<br />HEC, Hemorrhagic Escherichia Coli.<br />HECOS, Health and Economic Consequences of Smoking.<br />HEDIC, Healthcare Electronic Data Interchange Corporation.<br />HEENT, head, ears, eyes, nose, and throat.<br />HELLP, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets syndrome.<br />HEMA, 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate.<br />HEMA-MMA, hydroxyethyl methacrylate-methyl methacrylate.<br />HEP, home exercise program.<br />HEPA, high-efficiency particulate air/adsorption.<br />HER2 , human EGF-like receptor no. 2; short for HER2,ECD (extra cellular domain) (also called Her2/neu).<br />HETE’s, HydroxyEicosaTetraEnoic acids.<br />HEV(s), high endothelial venule(s).<br />HF, hay fever.<br />HF, heart failure.<br />HFC, high frequency cells.<br />HFOV, high-frequency oscillatory ventilation.<br />HFRT, hyperfractionated radiotherapy.<br />HG, herpes gestationis.<br />HG, Hog Cholera.<br />Hg, Mercury.<br />hgb, Hb, HGB, hemoglobin.<br />HGE, human granulocytic ehrlichiosis.<br />HGH, human growth hormone.<br />HGPRT, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase.<br />HGSIL, high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion.<br />HH, hard of hearing.<br />HH, hiatal hernia.<br />HHC, hereditary hemochromatosis.<br />HHNK - hyperglycemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic.<br />HHV, human herpes virus.<br />HHV-8, human herpes virus 8.<br />HI, hemagglutination inhibition.<br />Hi, hemiglobin (methemoglobin).<br />HIAA (5-), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid.<br />HIB, Haemophilus influenzae type B.<br />Hib, Hemophillus influenzae type B conjugate vaccine.<br />HIBCC, Health Industry Bar Code Council.<br />HiCN, hemiglobincyanide.<br />HIDA, Health Industry Distributors Association.<br />HIDA, hepatic iminodiacetic acid (imaging or scanning).<br />HIDA, tetrahydroindazolone carboxylic acid.<br />HIER, heat induced epitope retrieval.<br />HIFU, high intensity focused ultrasound.<br />HIM, Health Information Management.<br />HIMA, Health Industry Manufacturers Association.<br />HindIII, restriction enzyme from Haemophilus influenzae Rd.<br />HIPAA, <a href="http://www.hcfa.gov/hipaa/hipaahm.htm">Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act</a>.<br />HIPSOC, <a href="http://www.hipsoc.org/index.html">Hip Society</a> (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/relorg.htm">AAOS Related Organizations)</a>.<br />His, histidine.<br />HIT, heparin induced thrombocytopenia.<br />HIT, Holtzman Inkblot Technique.<br />HIV, human immunodeficiency virus.<br />HIV/AIDS, Human Immuno-Deficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.<br />H-J, hepatojugular.<br />HJR, hepatojugular reflux.<br />HK, high molecular weight kininogen.<br />HKAFO, hip-knee-ankle-foot orthosis.<br />HKCOS, <a href="http://medicine.org.hk/hkoa/home.htm">Hong Kong College of Orthopaedic Surgeons</a>.<br />HKOA, <a href="http://medicine.org.hk/hkoa/home.htm">Hong Kong Orthopaedic Association</a>.<br />HL, hearing loss.<br />HL, heart and lungs.<br />HLA, heart, lungs, abdomen.<br />HLA, human leukocyte antigen.<br />HL-A, <a href="http://www.ncl.ac.uk/~nchwww/guides/clinks4b.htm">Human Leukocyte Associated antigens (HL-A matching for BMT)</a>.<br />HLA-DR, D-related human leukocyte antigen.<br />HLFs, human lung fibroblasts.<br />HLH, histiocytic lymphohistiocytosis.<br />HLK, heart, liver, kidney.<br />HLV, herpes like virus.<br />HM, hand motion.<br />HM, heart murmur.<br />HMD, hyaline membrane disease.<br />HME, heat and humidity exchanger.<br />HMO, <a href="http://www.hmopage.org/">health maintenance organization</a>.<br />HMP, hexose monophosphate (oxidative shunt).<br />HMP, hot moist packs.<br />HMPAO, hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime.<br />HMSN, hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies.<br />HMWK, high-molecular weight kininogen.<br />HNP, herniated nucleus pulposus.<br />HNPP, hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies.<br />HNV, has not voided.<br />HO, heterotopic ossification.<br />HO, history of.<br />HO, house officer.<br />HOA, hypertrophic osteoarthropathy.<br />HOB, head of bed.<br />HOCM, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.<br />HOH, hard of hearing.<br />HOMC, hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.<br />HON, <a href="http://www.hon.ch/">Health On the Net Foundation</a>.<br />HONC, hyperosmolar nonketotic coma.<br />Hop, H. pylori outer membrane protein.<br />Hor v 9, group IX pollen allergen from barley (Hordeum vulgare).<br />HOR, Health outcomes research.<br />HOR, high outlet resistance.<br />HOR, higher-order repeat.<br />HOR, homing receptor.<br />HOR, homologue of rap.<br />HOR, hordein genes.<br />HOR, horizontal movable arm support.<br />hor, horizontal.<br />hOR, human oestrogen receptor.<br />hOR, human oxidoreductase.<br />HOR, hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase.<br />HOR, hyperosmolarity-responsive.<br />HOR, rehydrated Hemoccult.<br />Hor-1, fucan sulfate isolated from the hot water extract of an edible brown alga, Sargassum horneri.<br />HOS, <a href="http://www.woa-assn.org/newpage6.htm">Hawaii Orthopaedic Society</a>.<br />HOS, Hemoccult sensa.<br />HP, haptoglobin.<br />HP, hemipelvectomy.<br />HP, hot pack.<br />HP, hot-plate.<br />HPA, hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical.<br />HPC, hematopoietic progenitor cells.<br />HPC-PEP, peplomycin emulsion in hydroxypropylcellulosum.<br />HPE, history and physical examination.<br />HPETE, hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid.<br />HPF, high power field.<br />HPFH, hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin.<br />HPI, history of present illness.<br />HPL, <a href="http://www.kin.ucalgary.ca/GradRes/html/hpl.html">Human Performance Laboratory</a>.<br />hPL, human placental lactogen.<br />HPLC, high pressure (or performance) liquid chromatography.<br />HPMC, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.<br />HPNS, high pressure neurologic syndrome.<br />HPP, hereditary pyropoikilocytosis.<br />HPSA, health professional shortage area.<br />HPT, hyperparathyroidism.<br />HPTR, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase.<br />HPV, Human Papilloma Virus.<br />HQoL, health-related quality of life.<br />HR, heart rate.<br />HR, high risk.<br />HR, hospital record.<br />Hr, hour.<br />HRDO, Human Resources Development Office.<br />HRF, homologous restriction factor (regulates C9).<br />HRIG, human rabies immunoglobin.<br />HRMS, Human Resources Management Systems.<br />HRP, horseradish peroxidase.<br />HRRR, heart regular rate and rhythm.<br />HRS, Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells.<br />HRT, hormone replacement therapy.<br />HS purpura, <a href="http://www.aafp.org/afp/980800ap/kraft.html">Henoch-Schönlein purpura</a>.<br />hs, h.s., hora somni - hours of sleep, at bedtime.<br />HS, heart sounds.<br />HS, hereditary spherocytosis.<br />Hs, hora somni.<br />HSA, human serum albumine.<br />hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.<br />HSDA test, high solids anaerobic digestion test.<br />HSEL, Hemeselect.<br />HSG, hysterosalpingography.<br />HS-GC, head space gas chromatography.<br />HSIL, high squamous intraepithelial lesion.<br />HSP, Henoch-Schönlein purpura.<br />HSS, <a href="http://www.hss.edu/">Hospital for Special Surgery</a>.<br />HSV, herpes simplex virus.<br />HT, heart.<br />ht, height.<br />HT, hospital treatment.<br />HT, hypertension.<br />HT, hyperthyroidism.<br />HTLV-I, human T-cell lymphotropic virus types I.<br />HTMT, heptane carboxamide (an H1 receptor antagonist).<br />HTN, hypertension.<br />HTS, high throughput screening.<br />HUS, hemolytic uremic syndrome.<br />HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cells.<br />HV, half-value.<br />HV, healthy volunteers.<br />HV, hepatic vein.<br />HV, herpes virus.<br />HV, home visit.<br />HV, hospital visit.<br />HV, hyperventilation.<br />HVA, homovanillic acid.<br />HVD, hypertensive vascular disease.<br />HVL, half-value layer.<br />HVO, <a href="http://www.concentric.net/~Hvousa/">Health Volunteers Overseas</a>.<br />HW, healing well.<br />HW, hemodynamically weighted.<br />HWI, hazardous waste incinerator.<br />HWI, Hazardous Waste Index.<br />HWI, head-out water immersion.<br />HWI, Heart weight index.<br />HWI, Heart work index.<br />HWI, heartworm infection.<br />HWI, height-width index.<br />HWI, hemodynamically weighted imaging.<br />HWI, Hepatic weight index.<br />HWI, high water intake.<br />HWI, hip-waist index.<br />HWI, hot-water irrigation (was introduced as a treatment of epistaxis more than 100 years ago).<br />HWL, healthy way of life.<br />HWL, Heat-Withdrawal Latency.<br />HWL, height-width-length.<br />HWL, hindpaw withdrawal latency.<br />HWL, hybrid white leghorn.<br />HWL-12, 2-phenyl-3-(3’,5’-dimorpholinomethyl-4’-hydroxy)-benzoyl-indole.<br />HWP, hot wet pack.<br />HWT, H-wave therapy.<br />Hx, history.<br />HY, Hoehn and Yahr (scale).<br />HYP, hyperpneic.<br />hyp., hypodermic.<br />hypo, hypodermically.<br />Hz, Hertz (cycles per second).<br />HZT, high zone tolerance.<br />HZV, herpes zoster virus.<br /><br />I&D, incision and drainage<br />I&E, internal and external.<br />I&O, intake and output (as for fluids).<br />I, isoleucine.<br />I.M., intramuscular<br />I.Q., intelligence quotient<br />I.V., IV, intravenous<br />IA, incurred accidentally.<br />IA, intra-arterial.<br />IA, invasive aspergillosis.<br />IABP, intra-aortic balloon pump<br />IAC, infinite amplitude clipping.<br />IAC, internal acoustic canal.<br />IACR, <a href="http://www.iarc.fr/">International Agency on Cancer Research</a>.<br />IADH, inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone.<br />IADHS, inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone syndrome.<br />IAHL, infection-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.<br />IAHS, infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome.<br />IAP, inhibitor of apoptosis.<br />IAPM, <a href="http://www.saturnus.nl/IAPM">International Association of Medical Prosthesis Manufacturers</a>.<br />IARC, <a href="http://www.iarc.fr/">International Agency for Research on Cancer</a>.<br />IAS, <a href="http://indiaorth.simplenet.com/ias.htm">Indian Arthroscopy Society</a>.<br />IASLC, <a href="http://www.iaslc.org/">International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer</a>.<br />IASP, <a href="http://weber.u.washington.edu/~crc/IASP.html">International Association for the Study of Pain</a>.<br />IBC, idiopathic bone cavity.<br />IBC, idiotype binding capacity.<br />IBC, immunoglobulin bearing cells.<br />IBC, incidence of bacteria-carrier.<br />IBC, indirect bilirubin concentrations.<br />IBC, inflammatory breast cancer.<br />IBC, Injury Behavior Checklist.<br />IBC, Inoue balloon catheter.<br />IBC, Institutional Biosafety Committee.<br />IBC, insulin binding capacity.<br />IBC, integrated backscatter coefficient.<br />IBC, Integrated Broadband Communication.<br />IBC, International BioClinical.<br />IBC, International Bioethics Committee (of UNESCO)<br />IBC, International Biophysics Corporation.<br />IBC, International Business Communications.<br />IBC, interval breast cancer (breast cancer diagnosed within 1 year of a negative annual screening examination)<br />IBC, intraductile breast cancer.<br />IBC, invasive bladder cancer.<br />IBC, invasive breast cancers.<br />IBC, iodine binding capacity.<br />IBC, ionophore of bivalent cations.<br />IBC, iron binding capacity.<br />IBC, isobutyl cyanoacrylate.<br />IBC, isobutylchloroformate.<br />IBD, inflammatory bowel disease.<br />IBG, iliac bone graft.<br />IBIDS syndrome, ichthyosis, brittle hair, impaired intelligence, decreased fertility, short stature.<br />IBMTR, International Bone Marrow Transplant Registry.<br />IBP, Ibuprofen.<br />IBS, irritable bowel syndrome.<br />IBSE, <a href="http://www.liv.ac.uk/HumanAnatomy/phd/ibse/ibse.html">International Federated Body on Scoliosis Etiology</a>.<br />IBW, ideal body weight.<br />IC, between meals.<br />IC, inspiratory capacity.<br />IC, intensive care.<br />IC, intracerebral.<br />ICAM, intercellular adhesion molecules.<br />ICAM-1, intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (endothelial cell adhesion molecule).<br />ICAO, International Civil Aviation Organization.<br />ICARE, <a href="http://www2.ari.net/icare/">International Cancer Alliance for Research and Education (ICARE)</a>.<br />ICASS, Internal Cooperative Agreement Support and Services.<br />ICBG, iliac crest bone graft.<br />ICC, inferior colliculus.<br />ICC, intensive coronary care.<br />ICCG, International Collaborative Cancer Group<br />ICCPO, <a href="http://www.islandia.is/skb/sbkeng.htm">Icelandic Childhood Cancer Parent Organisation</a>.<br />ICCPO, International Confederation of Childhood Cancer Parent Organizations<br />ICCU, intensive coronary care unit.<br />ICD, implantable-cardioverter defibrillator.<br />ICD, International Statistical Classification of Disease, published by WHO.<br />ICD-10, <a href="http://www.who.ch/hst/icd-10/icd-10.htm">International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision</a>, maintained by <a href="http://www.who.ch/">WHO</a>.<br />ICD-9, <a href="http://www.icd-9-cm.org/">International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision</a>, online sponsor: <a href="http://www-informatics.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/icd9/refs.htm">UCD Medical Informatics</a>.<br />ICD-9-CM, <a href="http://www.icd-9-cm.org/">International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, clinical modification</a>.<br />ICDA, international classification of diseases, adapted.<br />ICD-O M, morphologic rubric of ICD-O.<br />ICD-O T, topographic rubric of ICD-O.<br />ICD-O, International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (coding system).<br />ICEID 2000, The International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases 2000.<br />ICER, incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.<br />ICF, informed consent form.<br />ICF, intensive care facility.<br />ICF, intermediate care facility.<br />ICF, intracellular fluid.<br />ICFX, intracapsular fracture.<br />ICH, human infantile cortical hyperostosis.<br />ICH, <a href="http://www.ifpma.org/ich1.html">International Conference on Harmonization</a> (GCP).<br />ICM, intercostal margin.<br />ICN, intensive care nursery.<br />ICOE, <a href="http://www.aoassn.org/icoe.htm">International Center for Orthopaedic Education (US)</a>.<br />ICP, intracranial pressure.<br />ICPA, <a href="http://www.4icpa.org/">International Chiropractic Pediatric Association</a>.<br />ICRF, <a href="http://www.icnet.uk/">Imperial Cancer Research Fund (UK)</a>.<br />ICRS , International Cartilage Repair Society.<br />ICS, intercostal space.<br />ICSF, International College of Surgery of the Foot.<br />ICSI, intracytoplasmic sperm injection.<br />ICT, intermittent cervical traction.<br />ICU, intensive care unit.<br />ID, during the day.<br />ID, identification.<br />ID, ill defined.<br />ID, ineffective dose.<br />ID, infectious disease.<br />ID, internal diameter.<br />ID, intradermal.<br />IDA, iron deficiency anemia.<br />IDC, infiltrating ductal carcinoma.<br />IDC, interdigitating cells.<br />IDD, insulin dependent diabetes.<br />IDD, internal disc disruption.<br />IDDM, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, type I.<br />IDET, intradiscal electrothermal therapy.<br />IDK, internal derangement of the knee.<br />IDU, injection drug users.<br />IDW, ideal body weight.<br />IE, inner ear.<br />IEC, independant ethics committee.<br />IEC, Information, Education, and Communication.<br />IEEE, <a href="http://www.ieee.org/i3e_hp.html">Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers</a>.<br />IESS, Intergroup Ewing's Sarcoma Study (USA).<br />IFA, indirect immunofluorescent IgG antibody.<br />IFC, International Finance Corporation.<br />IFE, immunofixation electrophoresis.<br />IFG, impaired fasting glucose.<br />IFMBE, <a href="http://vub.vub.ac.be/~ifmbe/ifmbe.html">International Federation for Medical and Biological Engineering</a>.<br />IFN, interferon.<br />IFOSA, <a href="http://www.ifosa.org/">International Federation of Spine Associations</a>.<br />IFPOS, International Federation of Pediatric Orthopaedic Societies.<br />IFR, inspiratory flow rate.<br />IFSC, International Federation of Surgical Colleges <a href="http://www.who.ch/ina/ngo/ngo083.htm">(WHO non-governmental organizations)</a>.<br />IFSSH, <a href="http://www.handlibrary.org/ifssh/index.html">International Federation of Societies for Surgery of the Hand</a>.<br />IG, immature granulocyte.<br />IgA, immunoglobulin A.<br />IgD, immunoglobulin D.<br />IgE, immunoglobulin E.<br />IGF, insulin-like growth factor (somatomedin).<br />IGF, insulin-like growth factor.<br />IGFBP, insulin-like growth factor binding protein.<br />IGFBP-5, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5.<br />IgG, immunoglobulin G.<br />IGHD IB, isolated growth hormone deficiency type IB.<br />IgM, immunoglobulin M.<br />IgSF, Ig superfamily.<br />IGT, impaired glucose tolerance.<br />IGV, immunoglobulin variable region gene.<br />IH, infectious hepatitis<br />IH, interval history.<br />IHA, inhibition of hemagglutination.<br />IHC, immunohistochemistry.<br />IHC, <a href="http://www.ihc.net/">Internet Healthcare Coalition</a>.<br />IHD, ischemic heart disease.<br />IHR, intrinsic heart rate.<br />IHS, International Hip Society.<br />IHSS, idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis.<br />IID, insulin dependent diabetes.<br />IIF, indirect immunofluorescence.<br />IIS, <a href="http://www2.shoulderology.com/shoulderology/">Intergalactic Institute of Shoulderology</a>.<br />IITS, <a href="http://www.iits.org/">International Intradiscal Therapy Society</a>.<br />IL, ilio-lumbar.<br />IL, interleukine.<br />IL2, Interleukin2.<br />ILC, interstitial laser coagulation.<br />Ile, isoleucine.<br />ILL, intermediate lymphocytic lymphoma.<br />ILO, International Labor Office.<br />ILSG, International Lymphoma Study Group.<br />IM, infectious mononucleosis.<br />IM, internal medicine.<br />IM, intramedullary.<br />IM, intramuscular.<br />IMBC, indirect maximum breathing capacity.<br />Im-DCH-beta-Gal, O-[4-(1-imidazolyl)butyl]-2,3-dicyano-1,4-hydroquinonyl beta-D-galactopyranoside.<br />IME, independent medical examiner.<br />IMF, International Monetary Fund.<br />IMF, <a href="http://myeloma.org/imf.html">International Myeloma Foundation</a>.<br />IMHO, in my humble opinion.<br />IMI, Imipramine (Tofranil).<br />IMI, intramuscular injection.<br />IMLAS, <a href="http://www.bot.astrouw.edu.pl/IMLAS">International Musculoskeletal Laser Society</a>.<br />IM-like, infectious mononucleosis-like.<br />IMM, immediate.<br />IMM, immobilize.<br />IMM, immunize.<br />IMMC, interdigestive migratory motor complex.<br />IMO, in my opinion.<br />IMP, immuno magnetic particles.<br />Imp, impression.<br />IMP, improved.<br />IMP, inosine 5'-monophosphate.<br />IMPOX, immunoperoxidase.<br />IMRI, Interventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.<br />IM-ROD, intramedullary rod.<br />IMRT, intensity-modulated radiotherapy.<br />IMS, immunomagnetic separation.<br />INC, incomplete.<br />INC, inconclusive.<br />INC, increase.<br />INCB, International Narcotics Control Board of United Nations.<br />IND, independent.<br />IND, Indomethacin.<br />IND, investigational new drug (see <a href="http://www.fda.gov/">FDA</a>).<br />INF, infant.<br />INF, infarction.<br />INF, infected.<br />INF, inferior.<br />Inf., infusion.<br />INFA, <a href="http://nf.org/Docs/infa.html">International Neurofibromatosis Association</a>.<br />INH, isoniazid.<br />INJ, inject; injection.<br />INJ, injury.<br />INK, injury not known.<br />INL, International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs Bureau (DOS).<br />iNO, inhaled nitric oxide.<br />INR, intermittent.<br />INR, International Normalized Ratio (standard of care for the management of anticoagulation).<br />INR, interval.<br />INS, Immigration and Naturalization Service.<br />INS, insulin.<br />INS, insurance.<br />InsP(3), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate.<br />INSS, International Neuroblastoma Staging System.<br />int, internal.<br />Int., internal.<br />Intra, inside (e.g. intracavitary); during (e.g. intraoperative = during surgery).<br />IO, inferior oblique.<br />IO, intestinal obstruction.<br />IOA, <a href="http://indiaorth.simplenet.com/assoc/ioa.htm">Indian Orthopaedic Association</a>.<br />IOFB, intraocular foreign body.<br />IOM, interosseous membrane.<br />IOP, intraocular pressure.<br />IORT, intraoperative radiotherapy.<br />IOU, intensive therapy observation unit.<br />IP, interphalangeal.<br />IP, intra-peritoneal.<br />IP3, inositol-1,4,5,-triphsophate.<br />IPA, 5-(N-methyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride.<br />IPA, idiopathic premature adrenarche.<br />IPA, iInvasive pulmonary aspergillosis.<br />IPA, immunoprecipitation assay.<br />IPA, Independent Practice Associations.<br />IPA, indices of platelet activation.<br />IPA, Indol-3-pyruvic acid.<br />IPA, Indole-3-propionic acid.<br />IPA, inferior phrenic artery.<br />IPA, infiltrating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.<br />IPA, Information Processing Ability.<br />IPA, inherited paternal HLA antigens.<br />IPA, integrated pulse amperometry.<br />IPA, interference pattern analysis.<br />IPA, <a href="http://www.ipa-france.net/">International Paediatric Association</a>.<br />IPA, <a href="http://www.silverplatter.com/catalog/ipab.htm">International Pharmaceutical Abstracts</a>.<br />IPA, intimate partner abuse.<br />IPA, intralobar pulmonary arteries.<br />IPA, intraperitoneal.<br />IPA, intrapulmonary arteries.<br />Ipa, invasion plasmid antigens proteins.<br />IPA, iodo-l-phenylalanine.<br />IPA, ipamorelin.<br />IPA, irrigation pipe-associated.<br />IPA, isopropyl alcohol.<br />IPA, isopropylamine.<br />IPA, Isopropylantipyrine.<br />Ipa, pasiniazid.<br />IPA-EST, indophenyl acetate esterase.<br />IPC(foot), intermittent pneumatic foot compression.<br />IPC, in-process control.<br />IPE, iris pigment epithelium.<br />IPI, international prognostic index.<br />IPK, isolated perfused rat kidney.<br />IPOP, immediate postsurgical prosthetics.<br />IPPA, inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation.<br />IPPB, intermittent positive pressure breathing.<br />IPPO, intermittent positive-pressure inflation with oxygen.<br />IPPR, intermittent positive pressure respiration.<br />IPPS, Independent Power Producers.<br />IPPV, intermittent positive pressure ventilation.<br />IPRAF, <a href="http://ipras.org/ipraf1.html">International Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Foundation</a>.<br />IPRAS, <a href="http://www.ipras.org./">International Confederation for Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery</a>.<br />IPSID, immunoproliferative small intestinal disease.<br />IPSM, <a href="http://members.aol.com/wwwipsm/">Institute for Preventative Sports Medicine</a>.<br />IPSP, inhibitory postsynaptic potential.<br />IPSP, The Italian Prognostic System Project.<br />IPTG, isoproylthiogalactoside.<br />IPV, inactivated poliovirus vaccine.<br />IPX, immunoperoxidase.<br />IPx, impaired glucose tolerance.<br />IPx, phosphoinositide.<br />IQ, intelligence quotient.<br />IQC, instrument quality control.<br />IR, immunoreactive.<br />IR, infrared.<br />IR, internal rotation.<br />IR, intracellular receptor.<br />Ir, iridium.<br />IRB, institutional review board.<br />IRBBB, incomplete right bundle-branch block.<br />IRE, internal rotation in extension.<br />IRF, internal rotation in flexion.<br />IRI, immunoreactive insulin.<br />IRMA, intraretinal microvascular abnormalities.<br />IRS, Internal Revenue Service.<br />IRSSD, <a href="http://www.liv.ac.uk/HumanAnatomy/phd/irssd/irssd.html">International Research Society for Spinal Deformities</a>.<br />IS, in situ.<br />IS, intercostal space.<br />ISA, intrinsic sympathomimetic activity.<br />ISAC, <a href="http://www.isac-net.org/">International Society for Analytical Cytology</a>.<br />ISAG, <a href="http://www.wisc.edu/animalsci/isag/">International Society for Animal Genetics</a>.<br />ISAK, International Society for the Advancement of Kinathropometry.<br />ISAKOS, <a href="http://www.isakos.com/">International Society of Arthroscopy, Knee Surgery, and Orthopaedic Sports Medicine</a> (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/specsoc.htm">AAOS Specialty Societies)</a>.<br />ISAZ, International Society for Anthrozoology.<br />ISB, <a href="http://www.bme.ccf.org/isb/index.html">International Society of Biomechanics</a>.<br />ISBS, <a href="http://www.uni-stuttgart.de/External/isbs/">International Society of Biomechanics in Sports</a>.<br />ISC, instrument standardization and calibration.<br />ISCAS, <a href="http://www.iscas.org/">International Society for Computer Aided Surgery</a>.<br />ISDRF, <a href="http://www.vegas.infi.net/~isdrf/">International Spinal Development & Research Foundation</a>.<br />ISEP, <a href="http://www.isep.org.au/index.html">International Society of Educators in Physiotherapy</a>.<br />ISG, immune serum globulin.<br />ISG, <a href="http://www-mr.wbmt.tudelft.nl/schouder/isg/isg.html">International Shoulder Group</a>.<br />ISH, in situ hybridization.<br />ISH, isolated systolic hypertension.<br />ISHLT, the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation.<br />ISI, international sensitivity index.<br />ISIS, <a href="http://www.spinalinjection.com/">International Spinal Injection Society</a>.<br />ISL, interscapular line.<br />ISM, indolent systemic mastocytosis.<br />ISMISS, International Society for Minimal Intervention in Spinal Surgery.<br />ISO, isoflurane.<br />ISOST, <a href="http://www.orthogate.com/isos.htm">Internet Society of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology</a>.<br />ISP, intraocular silicone prosthesis.<br />ISPO, <a href="http://www.i-s-p-o.org/index.htm">International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics</a>.<br />ISR, induced systemic resistance.<br />ISS, Integrated Summary of Safety.<br />ISS, International Society of Surgery.<br />ISSC, investigative site support center.<br />ISSI, Interview Schedule of Social Integration.<br />IST, insulin shock therapy.<br />IT, idiopathic thrombocythemia.<br />IT, individual therapy.<br />IT, inhalation therapy.<br />IT, intensive therapy.<br />IT, intermediate trophoblast.<br />IT15,-interesting transcript 15 in Hungtington disease<br />ITB, iliotibial band.<br />ITC, interagency testing committee.<br />ITP, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.<br />ITP, ion transport peptide.<br />ITs, immunotoxins.<br />ITT, internal tibial torsion.<br />ITT, interstitial tumor therapy.<br />ITU, Intensive Therapy Unit.<br />IU, immunizing unit, international units.<br />IU, intrauterine.<br />IUCD, intra-uterine contraceptive device.<br />IUD, intrauterine device.<br />IUGR, intrauterine growth retardation.<br />IUP, intrauterine pregnancy.<br />IUT, intrauterine transfusion.<br />IV, in vitro.<br />IV, in vivo.<br />IV, intervertebral.<br />IV, intravascular.<br />Iv, intravenous, intravenous line.<br />IV, intravenous.<br />IVC, inferior vena cava.<br />IVC, intravenous cholangiography.<br />IVC, isovolumic contraction.<br />IVD, intervertebral disc.<br />IVDA, intravenous drug addict.<br />IVDU, intravenous drug use/user.<br />IVF, in vitro fertilization.<br />IVH, intrafascial vaginal hysterectomy.<br />IVH, intravenous hyperalimentation.<br />IVH, intraventricular hemorrhage.<br />IVI, intravenous injection.<br />IVIG, intravenous immunoglobulin.<br />IVJC, intervertebral joint complex.<br />IVP, intravenous pyelogram.<br />ivpb, intravenous piggyback infusion.<br />IV-QAR, in vitro quantitative autoradiography.<br />IVR, idioventricular rhythm.<br />IVR, iliac vascular resistance.<br />IVR, immersive virtual reality.<br />IVR, in vitro released.<br />IVR, in vivo recovery.<br />IVR, inhibitor of virus replication.<br />IVR, interactive voice response.<br />IVR, intermediate view reprojection.<br />IVR, intervascular ridging.<br />IVR, interventional radiology.<br />IVR, interventional vascular radiology.<br />IVR, intestinal vascular resistance.<br />IVR, intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution.<br />IVR, intrarenal vascular resistance.<br />IVR, intravaginal ring.<br />IVR, intravenous regimen.<br />IVR, intraventricular reentry.<br />IVR, inverted repeats.<br />IVR, in-vitro-retinae.<br />IVR, isovolumetric regulation.<br />IVR, isovolumic relaxation.<br />IVR, ivermectin.<br />IVRA, intravenous regional anesthesia.<br />IVR-OD, inverted repeat outer domain.<br />IVSD, interventricular septal defect.<br />IVU, intravenous urography.<br />IVUS, intravascular ultrasonography.<br />IvVD, intravenous administration of high and intermittent doses of calcitriol.<br />IW, infarction weight.<br />IWMF, <a href="http://www.iwmf.com/">International Waldenstrom's Macroglubulinemia Foundation</a>.<br /><br />JAAD, <a href="http://www1.mosby.com/scripts/om.dll/serve?action=searchDB&searchDBfor=home&id">Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology</a>.<br />JAAOS, <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/journal.htm">Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons</a>.<br />JAB, <a href="http://www.hkusa.com/infok/journals/jab/intro.htm">Journal of Applied Biomechanics</a>.<br />JACS, <a href="http://www.facs.org/about_college/acsdept/jacs/jacshome.html">Journal of the American College of Surgeons</a>.<br />Jak(s), Janus kinase(s).<br />JAMA, <a href="http://www.ama-assn.org/public/journals/jama/jamahome.htm">Journal of the American Medical Association</a>.<br />JAOA, <a href="http://www.am-osteo-assn.org/publs/jaoa.htm">Journal of the American Osteopathic Association</a>.<br />JBJS, <a href="http://www.jbjs.co.uk/">Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (UK)</a>.<br />JBJS, <a href="http://www.jbjs.org/">Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (US)</a>.<br />JBMR, <a href="http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jbmr">Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation</a>.<br />JCAHO, Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations.<br />JCD, Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease.<br />JCO, Journal of Clinical Oncology.<br />JCOA, <a href="http://www.iijnet.or.jp/jcoa/index.html">Japanese Clinical Orthopedic Association (Japanese only)</a>.<br />JCT, junction.<br />JHS, Journal of Hand Surgery (US).<br />JJ, jaw jerk.<br />JJC, The Japanese Joint Committee.<br />JNC, Joint National Committee.<br />JND, just noticeable difference.<br />JNMS, Journal of Musculoskeletal System.<br />JOA, Japanese Orthopaedic Association <a href="http://www.umin.u-tokyo.ac.jp/gakkai/gakkainew/soc0040.htm">(UMIN: Japanese only)</a>.<br />JOCD, juvenile osteochrondritis dissecans.<br />JOS, Internet Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and related subjects.<br />JOSPT, Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy.<br />JOT, <a href="http://www.lrpub.com/product.cfm?&product=J1031">Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma</a>.<br />JPO, <a href="http://www.oandp.com/organiza/aaop/jpo/index.htm">Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics</a>.<br />JRA, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.<br />JSCAS, <a href="http://www.prs.med.keio.ac.jp/jscas/index.htm">Japan Society for Computer Aided Surgery (only Japanese)</a>.<br />JSN, joint space narrowing.<br />JSOA, <a href="http://www.sma.org/soa/jsoa.htm">Journal of the Southern Orthopaedic Association</a>.<br />JSR, <a href="http://www.hkusa.com/infok/journals/jsr/intro.htm">Journal of Sport Rehabilitation</a>.<br />JSS, Junior Secondary School.<br />JT, joint.<br />JUV, juvenile.<br />JV, jugular vein.<br />JV, jugulovenous.<br />JVD, jugular-venous distension.JVP, jugular venous pressure; jugular venous pulseUnknownnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-12653218599400901942010-01-04T07:02:00.000-08:002010-01-04T07:03:36.239-08:00Medical Abbreviations (D, E, F)- Useful for Coding and Transcription3,4-DAP, 3,4-diaminopyridine.<br />3DCT, three dimensional (surface) CAT scan reconstruction images.<br />3D-MRA, three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography.<br />3-DV, three dimensional visualization.<br />D&C, dilatation and curettage.<br />D&E, dilatation and evacuation.<br />D&I, dry and intact (wound dressings).<br />D&V, diarrhea and vomiting.<br />d, /d, day, per day<br />D, aspartic acid.<br />D, day.<br />D, diopter (lens strength)<br />D/A, date of accident.<br />D/A, date of admission.<br />D/BMD, Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies.<br />D/C, diarrhea/constipation.<br />D/C, discharge.<br />D/C, discontinue.<br />D/DW, dextrose in distilled water<br />D/H, drug history.<br />D/NS, dextrose in normal saline<br />D/W, dextrose in water.<br />D/W, discussed with.<br />D1OW, 10% aqueous dextrose solution.<br />D5%DW,dextrose 5% in distilled water<br />D5%NS, dextrose 5% in normal saline<br />D5, anti-microphtalmia transcription factor antibody (for diagnosis of clear cell sarcoma/malignant melanoma of soft parts).<br />D5LR, dextrose 5% with lactated ringers<br />D5W, 5% dextrose in water.<br />DA, degenerative arthritis.<br />DA, inbred strains of rats [DA(RT1a/AgB4)].<br />DAB, diaminobenzidine (brown stain in immunohistochemistry).<br />DAB, dorsal abductors.<br />Dabs, absorbed radiation dose.<br />Dabs, degassed by O2 absorption (lungs).<br />DABS, Derogatis Affects Balance Sheet.<br />DABS, diazobenzene sulfonate.<br />DABS-AA, dimethylaminoazobenzenesulfonyl-amino acid.<br />DABS-Cl, dimethylaminoazobenzenesulfonyl chloride.<br />DABS-L-Met-dl-(O), 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4'-sulfonyl-L-methionine-dl-sulfoxide.<br />DAF, decay-accelerating factor (CD55) - regulates C3.<br />DAG, diacylglycerol.<br />DAISY, the dairy information system (UK).<br />DAO, dog aorta.<br />DAP, Draw a Person Test.<br />DAP, dystrophin associated protein.<br />DAP-Kinase, death-associated protein kinase.<br />DAPT, diphtheria, acellular pertussis, and tetanus toxoids.<br />DAR, double-antibody radioimmunoassay.<br />DAT, dementia of the Alzheimer's type.<br />DAT, diet as tolerated.<br />DAT, direct antibody testing.<br />DATT, Defense Attaché.<br />DB, date of birth.<br />db, decibel.<br />DB, disability.<br />DBM, demineralized bone matrix.<br />DBP, demineralized bone powder.<br />DBP, diastolic blood pressure.<br />DBPCFC, double-blind placebo controlled food challenge.<br />DBSC, double-breath, single cycle.<br />DBW, deficit birthweight.<br />DBW, desirable body weight.<br />DBW, diabetic black women.<br />DBW, dosing body weight.<br />DBW, dry body weight.<br />DC&B, dilation, curettage and biopsy.<br />DC, dendritic cells.<br />DC, direct current.<br />DC, disc, discharged, discontinue.<br />dc, discontinue.<br />DC, doctor of chiropractic.<br />DCA, directional coronary atherectomy (for coronary ostial lesions).<br />DCBE, double-contrast barium enema.<br />DCC, direct current contershock.<br />DCGF, dry corn gluten feed.<br />DCH, 2,3-dicyanohydroquinone.<br />DCH, Day-case haemorrhoidectomy.<br />DCH, deep cerebral hemorrhages.<br />DCH, delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity.<br />DCH, diffuse chorioamnionic hemosiderosis.<br />DCH, diffuse choroidal hemangiomas.<br />DCh, dorsochiasmatic area.<br />DCH, double-crush hypothesis.<br />DCIS, ductal carcinoma in situ - type of breast cancer.<br />DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy.<br />DCP, des-g-carboxy prothrombin, specific for HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma).<br />DCS, decompression sickness.<br />DCT, distal convoluted tubule.<br />DD, discharge diagnosis.<br />DD, dry dressing.<br />DDAVP, desmopressin acetate.<br />DDAVP, desmopressin test for urine osmolality.<br />ddC, zalcitabine.<br />DDD, degenerative disk disease.<br />DDH, developmental dysplasia of the hip (case report).<br />ddI, didanosine.<br />DDS, Doctor of Dental Surgery.<br />DDT, chlorphenotane.<br />DDx, differential diagnosis.<br />DE, delayed excitation.<br />DEA, diethylamine.<br />DEA, Drug Enforcement Agency.<br />DEAE, diethylaminoethyl.<br />DEC, deceased; decrease<br />DEF, defecation.<br />DEF, deferred.<br />DEF, deficient.<br />DEG, degeneration.<br />Derm, dermatology<br />DES, describe.<br />DES, desflurane.<br />DES, diethylstilbestrol.<br />DET, determine<br />DEV, deviation.<br />DEXA, dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (accuDEXA™ bone densitometer by Schick Technologies).<br />DF, dorsiflexion.<br />DFA, direct fluorescent antibody test.<br />DFI, disease free interval.<br />DFID, British Department of International Development (Formerly ODA).<br />DFS, disease free survival - time without disease prior to relapse or last follow-up.<br />DFSP, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans.<br />DFX, desferrioxamine.<br />DGC, dystrophin-glycoprotein complex.<br />DGCR, DiGeorge chromosomal region.<br />DGGE, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.<br />DGGE, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis.<br />DGI, disseminated gonococcal infection.<br />DGM, duodenal gastric metaplasia.<br />DGS, DiGeorge syndrome.<br />DH, dermatitis herpetiformis.<br />DHA, docosahexanoic acid.<br />DHEA, dehydroepiandrosterone.<br />DHEAS, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.<br />DHEA-ST, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferases.<br />DHF, dorsi-hyperflexion.<br />DHHS, Department of Health and Human Services.<br />DHL, diffuse histocytic leukemia.<br />DHS, dynamic hip screw.<br />DI, date of injury.<br />DI, diabetes insipidus.<br />diag, diagnosis, diagnostic.<br />DIC, disseminated intravascular coagulation.<br />Dict., dictation.<br />DIF, direct immunofluorescence.<br />DIFF, diff, differential blood count.<br />DIL, dilated.<br />DIL, dilute.<br />DIM, diminished.<br />Dind, indicative radiation dose.<br />DIP, desquamative interstitial penumonitis.<br />DIP, distal interphalangeal joints.<br />DIP, distal interphalangeal.<br />DIPJ, distal interphalangeal joint.<br />dIPSPs, depolarizing inhibitory postsynaptic potentials.<br />DIS, disabled.<br />DIS, disease.<br />DISH, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis.<br />DISI, dorsal intercalate segment instability.<br />DISL, dislocate; dislocation.<br />DISP, disposition.<br />DIST, distal.<br />DIST, distended.<br />DIT, diiodotyrosine.<br />DIW, dextrose in water.<br />DJD, degenerative joint disease.<br />DKA, diabetic ketoacidosis.<br />DKA, did not keep appointment.<br />DKB, deep knee bends.<br />dl, deciliter - 0.01 liters (100 ml).<br />DL, dual lumen.<br />DLC, diamond-like carbon (coatings).<br />DLCL, diffuse large cell lymphoma.<br />DLCO, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide.<br />DLDH, dementia lacking distinctive histopathology.<br />DLE, discoid lupus erythematosus.<br />DLI, donor lymphocyte infusion.<br />DLO, d-limonene 1,2-epoxide.<br />DLO, dorsolateral outflow.<br />DLO, octopamine-IR.<br />DLS, date last seen.<br />D-LST, drug lymphocyte stimulation test.<br />DLT, dose limiting toxicity - determined by phase 1 studies.<br />DM, diabetes mellitus.<br />DM, diastolic murmur.<br />DM1, myotonic dystrophy gene.<br />DM2, myotonic dystrophy gene 2 (linked to chromosome 3q).<br />DMA, dog mesenteric artery.<br />DMARD, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs.<br />DMC, Data Monitoring Committee.<br />DMD, Duchenne muscular dystrophy.<br />DMG, dimethylglycine.<br />DMI, Desipramine (Norpramin).<br />DMN, dorsal motor nucleus.<br />DMP, data management plan.<br />DMPK, dystrophia myotonica-protein kinase (gene on chromosome 19q).<br />DMR, direct myocardial revascularization.<br />DMS or MSM, dimethylsulfone or methylsulfonylmethane (CH3SO2CH3).<br />DMSO, dimethyl sulfamethoxazole (cryoprotective used to store cells from patients undergoing autologous transplantation).<br />DMSO, dimethylsulfoxyde.<br />DMT1, divalent metal transporter 1.<br />DMV, dog mesenteric vein.<br />DN, double negative.<br />DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid.<br />DNA, did not attend (clinic).<br />DNC, dominant-negative complementation.<br />DND, died a natural death.<br />DNI, do not intubate.<br />DNI/DNR, do not intubate, do not resuscitate.<br />DNKA, did not keep appointment<br />dNM, 1-deoxynojirimycin.<br />dnm, daunosamine.<br />DNM, delayed nonmatching-to-sample.<br />DNM, descending necrotizing mediastinitis.<br />DNM, desmoplastic neurotropic melanoma.<br />DNM, dominant negative mutant.<br />DNR, daunorubicin.<br />DNR, do not resuscitate.<br />DNR, dorsal nerve root.<br />DNS, did not show for appointment.<br />DO, doctor of osteopathy.<br />DO, dorsal outflow.<br />DOA, day of admission.<br />DOA, dead on arrival.<br />DOB, date of birth.<br />DOC, deoxycholate.<br />DOC, deoxycorticosterone.<br />DOC, died of other causes.<br />DOD, date of death.<br />DOD/OSD, Department of Defense/Office of the Secretary of Defense.<br />DOE, date of examination.<br />DOE, Department of Energy.<br />DOE, dyspnea on exertion.<br />DOES, disorder of excessive somnolence (narcolepsy).<br />DOI, date of injury.<br />DOJ, Department of Justice.<br />DON, demyelinating optic neuritis.<br />DOS, date of surgery.<br />DOS, Department of State.<br />DOT, date of transfer.<br />DOT, Department of Transportation.<br />DP, deep pulse.<br />DP, diastolic pressure.<br />DP, distal pulses.<br />DP, dorsalis pedis pulse.<br />DP, dorsalis pedis.<br />DPC, desaturated phosphatidylcholine.<br />DPC, desaturated phosphatidylcholine.<br />DPC, diethypyrocarbonate.<br />DPC, diethypyrocarbonate.<br />DPC, direct patient care.<br />DPC, direct patient care.<br />DPC, distal palmar crease.<br />DPC, distal palmar crease.<br />DPC,delayed primary closure.<br />DPC,delayed primary closure.<br />DPD, diffuse pulmonary disease.<br />dpdt, time derivative of left ventricular pressure.<br />DPDT-SP, D-Pro2-D-Trp7,9-SP.<br />DPGN, diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis.<br />DPH, diphenylhydantoin.<br />DPKO, Department of Peacekeeping Operations.<br />DPL, diagnostic peritoneal lavage.<br />DPM, dipyridamole.<br />DPM, direct photometric method.<br />DPM, disintegrations per minute.<br />DPM, Doctor of Podiatric Medicine.<br />DPM, dog pancreas microsomal membranes.<br />DPPC, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine.<br />DPT, diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus immunization.<br />DPTA, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid.<br />DPV, diameter of portal vein.<br />DR, delivery room.<br />DR, diabetic retinopathy.<br />DR, diagnostic radiology.<br />DR, dorsal root.<br />dr, dram.<br />DR, dressing.<br />DR, HLA DR antigen.<br />DRE, digital rectal examination.<br />DREZ, dorsal root entry zone.<br />DRG, diagnosis-related groups.<br />DRN, disaster relief nurse.<br />Drng, drainage.<br />Drsg, dressing.<br />DRT, daily rumination time.<br />DRT, delay-reduction theory.<br />DRT, Developmentally Regulated EPH-related Tyrosine kinase gene.<br />DRT, deviation ratio topography.<br />DRT, device readiness test.<br />DRT, device-related thrombosis.<br />DRT, dexamethasone-resistant thymocytes.<br />DRT, Diagnostic-Rhyme Test.<br />DRT, dichotic rhyme task.<br />DRT, Diet Readiness Test.<br />DRT, diffraction Radon transform.<br />DRT, diffuse rhythmic theta (waves).<br />drt, diffusional response time.<br />DRT, digestion-related thermogenesis.<br />DRT, discriminative reaction time.<br />DRT, discriminative response task.<br />DRT, disjunctive reaction time.<br />DRT, DNA-damage-repair/toleration activities.<br />DRT, dopamine replacement therapy.<br />DRt, dorsal reticular nucleus.<br />DRT, dorsal root terminals.<br />DRT, dorsal roots.<br />DRT, Drug resistant typhoid fever.<br />DRT, dynamic regional thresholding.<br />dRT-PCR, differential RT-PCR.<br />DRUDP, Division of Reproductive and Urologic Drug Products.<br />DRUJ, distal radioulnar joint.<br />DRUL, distal radioulnar ligaments.<br />DS, diagnostic sensitivity.<br />DS, Durie-Salmon stage.<br />DSA, defibrillation systems analyser.<br />DSA, digital substraction angiography.<br />DSA, digital subtraction angiography.<br />DSC, differential scanning calorimetry.<br />DSCA, Defense Security Cooperation Agency.<br />DSD, discharge summary dictated.<br />DSD, dry sterile dressing.<br />DSE, disposable smoke evacuator.<br />DSG, dressing.<br />DSG, dry sterile gauze.<br />DSH, domestic shorthaired cat.<br />DSHEA, Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act.<br />DSK-TNM, Deutschsprachiges TNM-Komitee.<br />DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual.<br />DSP, decreased sensory perception.<br />DSSD, drug safety and surveillance management.<br />DST, dexamethasone suppression test.<br />DST, distal straight tubule.<br />DSV, Deep Submergence Vehicle.<br />DSV, dense-cored vesicles.<br />DSV, desulfoviridin.<br />DSV, diameter of splenic vein.<br />DSV, diastolic septal velocity.<br />DSV, diethylamine shift value.<br />DSV, diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinomas.<br />DSV, digital subtraction venacavography.<br />DSV, digital subtraction venography.<br />DSV, Digitaria streak virus.<br />DSV, dithranol-2% salicylic acid-white soft vaseline.<br />DSV, DNA sequence variations.<br />DSV, dog saphenous vein.<br />DSV, Drosophila S virus.<br />DSV, Dual Switch Valves.<br />DT, date and time.<br />DT, date of treatment.<br />DT, delirium tremens.<br />DT, due to.<br />DT, duration tetany.<br />DTP, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids with pertussis (killed, whole organism).<br />DTP, distal tingling on percussion (over the site of a nerve, a.k.a. Tinel's sign or Hoffman-Tinel sign).<br />DTP, distal tingling on percussion (Tinel's sign)<br />DTR, deep tendon reflex/es.<br />DTS, diametral tensile strength.<br />DU, diagnosis undetermined.<br />DU, duodenal ulcer.<br />DU-24, avian cell line.<br />DUB, dysfunctional uterine bleeding.<br />Dus, differential upstream sequence.<br />DUS, distinctness, uniformity and stability (test for crops in UK).<br />DUS, divergent unilateral strabismus.<br />DUS, Doppler ultrasound.<br />DUs, drug users.<br />DUs, duodenal ulcers.<br />DUS, Dusseldorf.<br />dus, unknown gene tentatively designated "dus" for dut suppressor.<br />DUS-3, avian rho0 cell line.<br />DV&D, Diploma in Venereology and Dermatology.<br />dv, double vibrations.<br />DVA, developmental venous anomaly.<br />DVA, distance visual acuity.<br />DVA, duration of voluntary apnea.<br />DVA, vindesine.<br />DVB, divinylbenzene.<br />DVC, divanillylcyclohexane.<br />DVCC, Disease Vector Control Center.<br />DVD, dissociated vertical deviation.<br />dVDAVP, 1 -deamine-4-valine-D-arginine vasopressin.<br />DVE, duck virus enteritis.<br />DVH, Diploma in Veterinary Hygiene.<br />DVH, Division for the Visually Handicapped.<br />DVH, dose volume histogram.<br />DVI, AV sequential (pacemaker).<br />DVI, deep venous insufficiency.<br />DVI, diastolic velocity integral.<br />DVI, digital vascular imaging.<br />DVI, Doppler velocity index.<br />DVIS, digital vascular imaging system.<br />DVIU, direct-vision internal urethrotomy.<br />DVL, deep vastus lateralis.<br />DVM, digital voltmeter.<br />DVM, Doctor of Veterinary Medicine.<br />DVMS, Doctor of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery.<br />DVN, dorsal vagal nucleus.<br />DVP, daunorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone.<br />DVP, deep vascular plexus.<br />DVP, defective viral particles.<br />DVP, diastolic peak velocity prosthetic flow.<br />DVP, diastolic ventricular pressure.<br />DVP, digital video plotter.<br />DVP, direct venipuncture.<br />DVP, distal vein patch.<br />DVP, distributed volume pair.<br />DVP, divalproex sodium.<br />DVP, divinylporphyrin.<br />DVP, domestic violence programs.<br />DVP, Doppler velocity profile.<br />DVP, dorsal vein of the penis.<br />DVP, draining vein pressure.<br />DVP, ventriculo-peritonial derivations.<br />DVR, digital vascular reactivity.<br />DVR, Doctor of Veterinary Radiology.<br />DVR, double valve replacement.<br />DVR, double ventricular response.<br />DVS, Doctor of Veterinary Science.<br />DVS, Doctor of Veterinary Surgery.<br />DVSc, Doctor of Veterinary Science.<br />DVT, deep venous thrombosis.<br />DW, daily weight.<br />DW, deionized water.<br />DW, dextrose in water.<br />DW, distilled water.<br />DW, doing well.<br />DW, dry weight.<br />dw, dwarf (mouse).<br />DWA, died from wounds by the action of the enemy.<br />DWD, died with disease.<br />DWDL, diffuse well-differentiated lymphocytic lymphoma.<br />DWI, driving while impaired; driving while intoxicated.<br />DWM, Dandy-Walker malformation.<br />DWS, Dandy-Walker syndrome.<br />DWS, disaster warning system.<br />DWT, dichotic word test.<br />DWT, discrete wave transform.<br />dwt, pennyweight.<br />DWW, diabetic white women.<br />DX, dextran.<br />DX, dicloxacillin.<br />DX, discharged.<br />DX, disease.<br />Dx, dx, diagnosis.<br />DXA, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry.<br />DXD, discontinued.<br />DXM, dexamethasone.<br />DXM, dextromethorphan.<br />DXP, digital x-ray prototype.<br />DxPLAIN, Massachusetts General Hospital’s expert diagnostic system.<br />DXPNET, Digital X-Ray Prototype Network.<br />DXR, deep x-ray.<br />DXRT, deep x-ray therapy.<br />DXT, deep x-ray therapy.<br />DXT, dextrose.<br />dXTP, deoxyxanthine triphosphate.<br />DY, dense parenchyma.<br />Dy, dysprosium.<br />dy, dystrophia muscularis (mouse).<br />dyn, dynamic; dynamometer; dyne.<br />DYS, dysautonomia.<br />dysp, dyspnea.<br />DZ, diazepam.<br />dz, disease.<br />DZ, dizygotic.<br />DZ, dizziness.<br />dz, dozen.<br />dZ, impedance change.<br />DZM, dorsal zone of membranelle.<br />DZP, diazeparn.<br /><br />4E, four-plus edema.<br />E&A, evaluate and advise.<br />E*, lesion on the erythrocyte cell membrane at the site of complement fixation.<br />E, air dose.<br />Ē, average beta energy.<br />e, base of natural logarithms, approximately 2.7182818285; egg transfer; ejection; electric charge; electron; elementary charge; exchange.<br />E, cortisone (compound E).<br />E, each.<br />E, eating.<br />E, edema.<br />E, elastance.<br />E, electric charge.<br />E, electric field vector.<br />E, electrode potential.<br />E, electromotive force.<br />E, electron.<br />E, embyro.<br />E, emmetropia.<br />E, encephalitis.<br />E, endangered (animal).<br />E, endogenous.<br />E, endoplasm.<br />E, enema.<br />E, energy.<br />E, Entamoeba.<br />E, enterococcus.<br />E, enzyme.<br />E, eosinophil.<br />E, epicondyle.<br />E, epinephrine.<br />E, error.<br />E, erythrocyte.<br />E, erythroid.<br />E, erythromycin.<br />E, Escherichia.<br />E, esophagus.<br />E, ester.<br />E, estradiol.<br />E, ethanol.<br />E, ethyl.<br />E, examination.<br />E, exhalation.<br />E, expectancy (wave).<br />E, expected frequency in a cell of a contingency table.<br />E, experiment, experimenter.<br />E, expiration.<br />E, expired air.<br />E, exposure.<br />E, extract, extracted, extraction.<br />E, extraction fraction.<br />E, extralymphatic.<br />E, eye.<br />E, glutamic acid.<br />E, internal energy.<br />E, kinetic energy.<br />E, mathematical expectation.<br />e, negative electron.<br />E, redox potential.<br />E, stereodescriptor to indicate the configuration at a double bond (Ger. entgegen opposite).<br />E, unit (Ger. Einheit)..<br />E/A, emergency admission.<br />e+, positron.<br />E0, electric affinity.<br />E0, standard electrode potential.<br />E1, estrone.<br />E2, 17-estradiol.<br />E3, estriol.<br />E4, estetrol.<br />ea, each.<br />EA, early antigen (in EBV-IM).<br />EA, educational age.<br />EA, egg albumin.<br />EA, electric affinity.<br />EA, electrical activity.<br />EA, electroacupuncture.<br />EA, electroanes thesia.<br />EA, electropbysiological abnormality.<br />EA, embryonic antibody.<br />EA, endocardio graphic amplifier.<br />EA, Endometriosis Association.<br />EA, endurance athletes.<br />EA, enteral alimentation.<br />EA, entero anastomosis.<br />EA, enzymatically active.<br />EA, epiandrosterone.<br />EA, erythrocyte antibody.<br />EA, erythrocyte antiserum.<br />EA, esophageal atresia.<br />EA, estivo-autumnal.<br />EA, ethacrynic acid..<br />Ea, kinetic energy of alpha particles.<br />EAA, electroacupuncture analgesia.<br />EAA, Epilepsy Association of America.<br />EAA, essential amino acid.<br />EAA, ex trinsic allergic alveolitis.<br />EAA, excitatory amino acid.<br />EAAC, excitatory amino acid carrier.<br />EAB, elective abortion; Ethics Advisory Board.<br />EABV, effective arterial blood volume.<br />EAC, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma.<br />EAC, electroacupuncture.<br />EAC, epithelioma adenoides cysticum.<br />EAC, erythema annulare centrifugum.<br />EAC, erythrocyte, antibody, complement.<br />EAC, external auditory canal.<br />EACA, epsilon-aminocaproic acid.<br />EACD, eczematous allergic contact dermatitis.<br />EACH, essential access community hospital.<br />EACR, <a href="http://www.oncoweb.com/EACR/">European Association for Cancer Research</a>.<br />EAD, early afterdepolarization; extracranial arterial disease.<br />EA-D, early antigen, diffuse.<br />E-ADD, epileptic attentional deficit disorder.<br />EADS, early amnion deficit spectrum or syndrome.<br />EAE, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis; experimental autoimmune encephalitis.<br />EAHP, <a href="http://www.dartmouth.edu/~nlevy/EAHP/eahp.html">European Association for Hematopathology</a>.<br />EAN, experimental allergic (autoimmune) neuritis).<br />EANO, <a href="http://www.eano.de/">European Association for NeuroOncology.</a><br />EAS, emergent abdominal sonography.<br />EB, epidermolysis bulosa.<br />EBA, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita.<br />EBCT, electron-beam computed tomography.<br />EBL, enzootic bovine leucosis.<br />EBL, estimated blood loss.<br />EBM, evidence-based medicine.<br />EBMT, <a href="http://bmdw.leidenuniv.nl/ebmt/ebmt.html">European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation</a>.<br />EBN, Endemic Balkan nephropathy.<br />EBNA, Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen.<br />EBV, Epstein-Barr virus.<br />EBV-IM, Epstein-BArr virus infectious mononucleosis.<br />EC, Enzyme Commission of the International Union of Biochemistry.<br />Eca 109, human esophageal epithelial cancer cell line.<br />ECA, Echocontrast agents.<br />ECA, ecternal/extracranial carotid artery.<br />ECA, electrical control activity.<br />ECA, endometrial cryoablation.<br />ECA, enterobacterial common antigen.<br />ECA, Epidemiological Catchment Area.<br />Eca, Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (a phytopathogen).<br />ECA, extra-cardiac structural or karyotypic anomalies.<br />ECBO virus, enteric cytopathogenic bovine orphan virus.<br />ECC, early childhood caries.<br />ECC, endocervical cell collector.<br />ECC, extracorporeal circulation.<br />ECCE, extracapsular cataract extraction.<br />ECF, extended care facility.<br />ECF, extracellular fluid.<br />ECFV, extracellular fluid volume.<br />ECG, electrocardiogram (also EKG).<br />ECHO, echocardiogram.<br />ECM, extracellular matrix.<br />ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.<br />ECOMOG, Economic Community of West African Monitoring Group.<br />ECOWAS, Economic Community of West African States.<br />ECRB, extensor carpi radialis brevis.<br />ECRL, extensor carpi radialis longus.<br />ECT, electroconvulsive therapy.<br />ECTR, endoscopic carpal tunnel release.<br />ECU, extensor carpi ulnaris.<br />ECWSs, endoluminal colonic wall stents.<br />ED, edema.<br />ED, emergency department.<br />ED, extradomain (the type III unit of fibronectin).<br />EDA, Excess Defense Articles.<br />EDAC, early detection of alcohol consumption.<br />EDC, estimated or expected date of confinement.<br />EDC, extensor digitorum communis.<br />EDDI, Education for Development and Democracy Initiative.<br />EDIR, emergency drug identification record.<br />EDL, extensor digitorum longus.<br />EDM, extensor digitis minimi.<br />EDMR, electrically detected magnetic resonance.<br />EDRF, endothelium-derived relaxing factor.<br />EDS, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.<br />EDS, external defibrillation system.<br />EDTA, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.<br />EDX, electrodiagnostic.<br />EE, energy expenditure.<br />EEG, electroencephalogram.<br />EENT, ear, eye, nose and throat.<br />EES, Ethicon Endo-Surgery.<br />EEXOT, Hellenic Orthopaedic Association.<br />EF, (peptide) elongation factor.<br />EF, ectopic focus.<br />EF, edema factor.<br />EF, ejection fraction.<br />EF, elastic fibril.<br />EF, electric field.<br />EF, elongation factor.<br />EF, embryo fibroblast.<br />EF, embryo-fetal.<br />EF, emergency facility.<br />EF, encephalitogenic factor..<br />EF, endothoracic fascia.<br />EF, endurance factor.<br />EF, eosinophilic fasciitis.<br />EF, epithelial focus.<br />EF, equivalent focus.<br />EF, erythroblastosis fetalis.<br />EF, erythrocyte fragmentation.<br />EF, exposure factor.<br />EF, extended field.<br />EF, extrafine.<br />EF, extrinisic factor.<br />EF-2, initiation factor in the translational step of viral replication.<br />EFA, essential fatty acids.<br />EFFAS, European Foot and Ankle National Societies.<br />EFFO, <a href="http://www.effo.org/">European Foundation for Osteoporosis and Bone Disease</a>.<br />EF-G, elongation factor G.<br />EFORT, <a href="http://195.167.23.17/orto96/ortowww/efort0.htm">European Federation of National Associations of Orthopaedics and Traumatology</a>.<br />EFS, event free survival - time from diagnosis to defined events (e.g. relapse or death).<br />EGA, error grid analysis.<br />EGA, estimated gestational age.<br />EGD, esophagogastroduodenoscopy.<br />EGE, eosinophilic gastroenteritis.<br />EGF, epidermal growth factor.<br />EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein.<br />EHBA, extrahepatic biliary atresia.<br />EHEC, enterohemorrhagic Escherichia Coli.<br />EHS, European Hip Society.<br />EIC, endometrial intraepithelial carcinogenesis.<br />EIC, extensive intraductal component.<br />EICESS, <a href="http://www.ncl.ac.uk/~nsjc5/eicess.htm">European Intergroup Ewing's Sarcoma Study</a>.<br />EIN3, ethylene-insensitive3 (is a transcription factor that works in the ethylene signaling pathway in Arabidopsis).<br />EJ, elbow jerk.<br />EJC, European Journal of Cancer.<br />EJHS, <a href="http://www.leeds.ac.uk/handsurgery/ejhome.htm">Electronic Journal of Hand Surgery</a>.<br />EJO, <a href="http://www.ejo.org/">Electronic Journal of Orthopaedics</a>.<br />EJS, <a href="http://www.galactica.it/ejs">Electronic Journal of Surgery and Specialistic Medicine</a>.<br />EKG, electrocardiogram (also ECG).<br />EL, elbow.<br />ELAM-1, E-selectin adhesion molecule (on endothelial cells).<br />ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.<br />ELOS, estimated lenght of stay.<br />EM, electron microscope, emmetropia.<br />EMB, eosin methylene blue agar.<br />EMC, electromagnetic compatibility.<br />EMCAP, World Bank's Economic Management Capacity Project.<br />EMDR, Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing.<br />EMEA, European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products.<br />EMG, electromyogram, electromyography.<br />EMH, extramedullary hematopoiesis.<br />EMP, Embden-Meyerhof pathway.<br />EMS, electrical muscle stimulation.<br />EMS, emergency medical service.<br />EMST, Emergency Management of Severe Trauma.<br />EMT, emergency medical technician.<br />EMUO, early morning urine osmolality (evaluating urine concentration).<br />End, endothelial cells.<br />ENG, electronystagmography.<br />ENI, Bureau for Europe and the New Independent States .<br />ENSG, European Neuroblastoma Study Group.<br />ENT, ear, nose, and throat.<br />EOA, Eastern Orthopaedic Association.<br />EOA, <a href="http://www.eoa.org.eg/">Egyptian Orthopaedic Association</a>.<br />EOI, European Osteosarcoma Intergroup.<br />EOM, extraocular movements.<br />EOMI, extraocular movements intact.<br />EORS, <a href="http://www.med.uni-marburg.de/orthop/eors">European Orthopaedics Research Society</a>.<br />EORTC, <a href="http://www.eortc.be/">European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer</a>.<br />Eos, eosin, eosinophil.<br />EP, ectopic pregnancy.<br />EP, emergency physician.<br />EP, endogenous pyrogens.<br />EP, European Pharmacopoeia.<br />EPA, Environmental Protection Agency; controls the use of pesticides and monitors water pollution in general.<br />EPB, extensor pollicis brevis.<br />EPC, egg phosphatidylcholine.<br />EPEC, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.<br />EPI, epinephrine.<br />Epi, epithelial cells.<br />EPL, extensor pollicis longus.<br />EPOS, European Pediatric Orthopaedic Society.<br />EPS, exophtalmos-producing substance.<br />EPS, extrapyramidal symptoms.<br />EPSD, Early Periodic Screening Detection.<br />EPSP, excitatory postsynaptic potential.<br />EPSPS, 5-enolpyruvylshikamate-3-phosphate synthetase.<br />EPU, epidermal proliferative unit.<br />EPV, Epstein-Barr virus.<br />ER, emergency room.<br />ER, endoplasmic reticulum.<br />ER, external rotation.<br />ER/PR, estrogen/progesterone.<br />ERA, electrical response activity.<br />ERA, estradiol receptor assay.<br />ERA, evoked response audiometry.<br />ERAD, endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation.<br />ERCP, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.<br />ERE, external rotation in extension.<br />ERF, external rotation in flexion.<br />ERP, effective refractory period.<br />ERT, empathy response task.<br />ERT, endurance run test.<br />ERT, enzyme replacement therapy.<br />ERT, estrogen replacement therapy.<br />ERT, external radiation therapy.<br />Ery, erythrocytes.<br />ES, electrical stimulation.<br />ES, enzymatic spectrometric method.<br />ES, enzyme-substrate complex.<br />ESAF, Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility.<br />ESB, <a href="http://esb.purpan.inserm.fr/Default.htm">European Society of Biomechanics</a>.<br />ESD Dus 2, a new rare allele for esterase D (ESD) described in a family from Dusseldorf.<br />ESD, esterase D.<br />ESDS, <a href="http://www.eurospine.org/SSE.html">European Spinal Deformities Society</a>.<br />ESF, Economic Support Fund.<br />ESF, <a href="http://www.esf.org/">European Science Foundation</a>.<br />ESFAS, <a href="http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/esfas/">European Society of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</a>.<br />ESI, epidural steroid injection.<br />ESI, <a href="http://www.esi-online.de/">European Surgical Institute</a>.<br />ESO, <a href="http://telescan.nki.nl/eso/">European School of Oncology</a><br />EspA, E. coli secreted protein A.<br />EspB, E. coli secreted protein B.<br />EspD, E. coli secreted protein D.<br />ESPD, electrosensitive protective device.<br />ESPD, endogenous digoxin-like substance.<br />ESR, electron spin resonance.<br />ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate.<br />ESRD, end stage renal disease.<br />ESRF, end stage renal failure.<br />ESS, <a href="http://www.eurospine.org/SSE.html">European Spine Society</a>.<br />ESSKA, European Society for Sports Medicine, Knee Surgery and Arthroscopy.<br />EST, electroshock therapy.<br />EST, estrogen sulfotransferases.<br />EST, expressed sequence tag.<br />ESTRO, <a href="http://www.uicc.ch/estro/">European Society for Therapeutic Radiation and Oncology</a>.<br />ESWL, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.<br />et, and.<br />ET, esotropia.<br />ET, essential thrombocythemia.<br />ET, eustachian tube(s).<br />ETA, estimated time of arrival.<br />ETCO2, end tidal CO2.<br />ETD, estimated time of departure.<br />ETF, eustachian tube function.<br />ETI, endotracheal intubation.<br />Etio, etiology.<br />etiol., etiology<br />EtO, ethylene oxyde.<br />ETOH, ethanol - alcohol<br />ETT, endotracheal tube.<br />ETT, exercise tolerance test.<br />ETX, ethosuximide.<br />EU, European Union.<br />EUA, examination under anesthesia.<br />EU-NRLs, European Union National Reference Laboratories.<br />EUP, eupneic.<br />EUS, endoscopic ultrasound.<br />eval., evaluation.<br />EX, exacerbate; examination; excision.<br />EX, exercise.<br />EX, extension.<br />Exam, examination.<br />EXC, excellent; except; exchange; excision.<br />EXP, expand; explain.<br />ExT, exfoliating toxin.<br />EXT, extend; external; extremity<br />ext, external.<br /><br />F, Fahrenheit degrees.<br />F, female.<br />f.b., foreign body<br />F.H., family history.<br />F/H, family history.<br />F/I, fever due to infection.<br />F/U, follow-up.<br />FA, failed appointment.<br />FA, Fanconi's anemia.<br />FA, fluorapatite.<br />FA, forearm.<br />FAA, Federal Aviation Agency .<br />FAAN, Federal Airport Authority of Nigeria.<br />Faap(s), fatty acid activation protein(s).<br />FAAP, F-actin image analysis program.<br />FAAP, Fellow of the American Academy of Pediatrics.<br />FAAP, free amino acid pool.<br />FAAP, functional activity of plasminogen activators in plasma.<br />FAAP, N-formylaminoantipyrine.<br />FAAU, functional activity of plasminogen activators in urine.<br />FAB, French American and British classification scheme for leukemia.<br />FABERE, flexion, abduction, external rotation and extension.<br />FABP, fatty acid binding protein.<br />FACC, Fellow of the American College of Cardiology.<br />FACOG, Fellow Of The American College Of Obstetrics And Gynecology.<br />FACOI, Fellow of the <a href="http://www.acoi.org/">American College of Osteopathic Internists</a>.<br />FACP, Fellow of the American College Of Physicians.<br />FACS, Fellow of the American College Of Surgeons.<br />FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorter.<br />F-actin, filamentous actin.<br />FACU, Federal Agricultural Coordinating Unit.<br />FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide.<br />FADIR, flexion, adduction and internal rotation.<br />FADIRE, flexion, adduction, internal rotation and extension.<br />FAI, <a href="http://www.wwilkins.com/FAI">Foot and Ankle International (Journal)</a>.<br />FALT, follicle-associated lymphoid tissue.<br />FAMS, functional assessment of multiple sclerosis.<br />FANA, fluorescent antinuclear antibody test (see also ANA).<br />FAO, United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization.<br />FAOP, <a href="http://www.oandp.com/organiza/faop/index.htm">Florida Association of Orthotists and Prosthetists</a>.<br />FAP, familial adenomatous polyposis.<br />FAQ , frequently asked questions.<br />FAS/ITP, Foreign Agriculture Service/International Trade Policy.<br />FASIG, <a href="http://jan.ucc.nau.edu/~cornwall/fasig/fasig.html">Foot and Ankle Special Interest Group</a>.<br />FAWC, Farm Animal Welfare Concil (UK).<br />FB, Fb, fingerbreadth.<br />FB, foreign body.<br />FBC, full blood count.<br />FBD, Familial British dementia.<br />FBD, feather and beak disease (a bird disease).<br />FBD, fibrin binding domain.<br />FBD, fibrocystic breast disease<br />FBD, Flow-BOLD (blood oxygenation level-dependent) -Dependence.<br />FBD, food-borne diseases.<br />FBD, forearm bone density.<br />FBD, functional bowel disorder/distress.<br />FBD, functional breathing disorder.<br />FBI, Federal Bureau of Investigations.<br />F-BKP, femoral-below-knee-popliteal bypasses.<br />FBS, fasting blood sugar.<br />FBS, Finnish Bone Society <a href="http://www.effo.org/members/fbs.html">(EFFO Member Society)</a>.<br />FC, finger counting.<br />FCA, fracture, complete, angulated.<br />FCAPM, formal college approved postgraduate meeting.<br />FCC, Federal Communications Commission.<br />FCC, fracture, complete, comminuted; fracture, compound, comminuted.<br />FCCC, fracture, complete, comminuted, compound.<br />FCCP, Fellow of the American College Of Chest Physicians.<br />FCD, fracture, complete, deviated.<br />FCE, food conversion efficiency.<br />FCI, flow cytometric immunophenotyping.<br />FCM, flow cytometry.<br />FCMC, family-centered maternity care.<br />FCR, flexor carpi radialis.<br />FCS, fetal calf serum.<br />FCT, Federal Capitol Territory.<br />FCU, flexor carpi ulnaris.<br />FD, familial dysautonomia.<br />FDA, <a href="http://www.fda.gov/">Food and Drug Administration (US)</a>.<br />FDA-BAM, Food & Drug Administration-Bacteriological Analytical Manual.<br />FDC, follicular dendritic cells.<br />FDI, first dorsal interosseus (muscle of the hand).<br />FDIM, fluorescence digital imaging microscopy.<br />FDIO, first dorsal interosseous (muscle).<br />FDMA, first dorsal metacarpal artery.<br />FDP, fibrin degradation products.<br />FDP, flexor digitorum profundus.<br />FDS, flexor digitorum superficialis.<br />Fe, iron.<br />FEA, focal epileptic activity.<br />FEB, fever.<br />FECS, Federation of European Cancer Societies.<br />FEF, forced expiratory flow.<br />FEKG, fetal electrocardiogram.<br />FEL, familial erythrophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.<br />FeLV, feline leukemia virus.<br />FeNa, fractional excretion of sodium: (UNa x PCr/PNa x UCr) x 100; <1 in prerenal azotemia and 1 in intrinsic renal azotemia.<br />FEP, free erythrocyte protoporphyrin.<br />FER, flexion, extension, rotation.<br />FERC, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.<br />FES, functional electric stimulation (<a href="http://feswww.fes.cwru.edu/">Cleveland FES Center</a>).<br />FES, functional electrical stimulation.<br />FES, functional endoscopic sinus.<br />FES-LCE, functional electrical stimulation (FES)-induced leg cycle ergometer (LCE).<br />FESSH, <a href="http://www.thehand.com/fessh/">Federation of the European Societies for Surgery of the Hand</a>.<br />FEV, forced expiratory volume.<br />FEV1, forced expiratory volume in one second.<br />FF, forward flexion.<br />Ff, free fraction.<br />FFA, for further appointment.<br />FFD, free from disability.<br />FFROM, full, free range of motion.<br />FFS, fee-for-service.<br />FFS, Five-Factors Score (a prognostic scoring systems).<br />FFT, forward flexion: fingertips to toes.<br />FGF, fibroblast growth factor.<br />FH, family history.<br />FH, follicular hyperplasia.<br />FHR, fetal heart rate.<br />FHS, fetal heart sounds.<br />FHT, fetal heart tones.<br />Fib, fibroblasts.<br />FID, flame ionization detectors (chromatography).<br />FIGO, <a href="http://www.figo.org/">International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics</a> (Federation Internationale de Gynecologie et d’Obstetrique).<br />FIMS, <a href="http://www.fims.org/">Federation Internationale de Medecine Sportive (International Federation of Sports Medicine)</a>.<br />FINCEN, Financial Center.<br />FiO2, fraction of inspired oxygen.<br />FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization.<br />FIT, Fracture Intervention Trial.<br />FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate.<br />FJRM, full joint range of motion.<br />FL, flank.<br />FL, flexion.<br />FL, fluid.<br />FL, follicular lymphoma.<br />FLD, frontal lobe dementia.<br />Flex, flexion.<br />FLEX, flexion.<br />Fli1, Friend leukemia integration 1 gene.<br />FL-LC, follicular lymphoma large cell.<br />FL-M, follicular lymphoma mixed small cleaved and large.<br />FL-SC, follicular lymphoma small cleaved.<br />FLX, flexion<br />FMD, family medical doctor.<br />FMD, foot and mounth disease.<br />FMF, Foreign Military Funding.<br />FMS, fibromyalgia syndrome.<br />FMSI, Federazione Medico Sportiva Italiana (Federation of Italian Sports Medicine) <a href="http://www.unibo.it/stse/servar/medspo/perl.exe?/http/stse/servar/medspo/addre.pl">(ItalianMedSport)</a>.<br />FN, fibronectin.<br />FNA, fine needle aspiration.<br />FNAB, fine-needle aspiration biopsy.<br />FNH, focal nodular hyperplasia.<br />FNP, family nurse practitioner<br />FOBT, fecal occult blood testing.<br />FOC, flight of colors test.<br />FOP, fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.<br />FORE, <a href="http://208.206.61.237/">Foundation for Osteoporosis Research and Education</a>.<br />FOS, Finnish Osteoporosis Society <a href="http://www.effo.org/assocm/fos.html">(EFFO Member Society)</a>.<br />FOS, full of stool/constipated.<br />FOSA, Federation of Spine Associations <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/specsoc.htm">(AAOS Specialty Societies)</a>.<br />FOSIT, Fosamax International Trial.<br />FP, fluticasone propionate.<br />FPA, fibrinopeptide A.<br />FPB, fibrinopeptide B.<br />FPB, flexor pollicis brevis.<br />FPD, fibrin(ogen) degradation products.<br />FPIA, fluorescence polarization immunoassay.<br />FPL, flexor pollicis longus.<br />FPL, functional profile length.<br />FPM, full passive movements.<br />FPMA, <a href="http://www.fpma.com/">Florida Podiatric Medical Association</a>.<br />FPT, farnesyl protein transferase.<br />FR, fracture.<br />FR, frequency of respiration.<br />FR, full range.<br />FRBB, fracture of both bones.<br />FRC, fibroblastic reticulum cells.<br />FRC, functional residual capacity.<br />FRCP(C), Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of Canada.<br />FRCP, Fellow of the Royal College of Physicians.<br />FRJM, full range of joint movement.<br />FROM, full range of motion, full range of movement.<br />FS, frozen section.<br />FSB, <a href="http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~motion/fsb/index.html">Formosan Society of Biomechanics</a>.<br />FSC, forward angle light scatter (flow cytometry term).<br />FSC, fracture, simple comminuted.<br />FSCAI, Fellow of the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions.<br />FSCC, fracture, simple, complete, comminuted.<br />FSCCL, follicular small cleaved cell lymphomas.<br />FSCPC, fast-setting calcium phosphate cement.<br />FSE, fast-spin-echo.<br />FSH, follicle stimulating hormone.<br />FSN, Foreign Service National.<br />FSOs, family members and significant others.<br />FSS, frozen shoulder syndrome.<br />ft, Foot, feet, (measure).<br />FT, low-molecular polypeptide factors of thymus.<br />FT4, free thyroxin.<br />FT4I, free thyroxin (T4) index.<br />FTA-ABS, fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test.<br />FTD, frontotemporal dementia.<br />FTI, farnesyl transferase inhibitor.<br />FTI, free thyroxin index.<br />FT-IR, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy.<br />FTIR, Fourier Transform Infrared.<br />FTKA, failed to keep appointment.<br />FTND, full term normal delivery.<br />FTNM, The French TNM Group.<br />FTR, fast-twitch red (skeletal muscle).<br />FTSG, full thickness skin graft.<br />FTT, failure to thrive.<br />FTW, fast-twitch white (skeletal muscle).<br />FTW, fat weight.<br />FTW, first time wheezing.<br />FTY, fat yield.<br />FU(5-), 5-fluorouracil (treatment regimen).<br />FU, follow-up.<br />FUBAR, <a href="http://www.classicaliscool.com/fubar.html">Fowled Up Beyond All Recognition</a>.<br />FUO, fever of undetermined (or unknown) origin.<br />FVC, forced vital capacity.<br />FWB, full weight bearing.<br />FX, Fx, fracture.<br />FXBB, fracture of both bones.<br />FY, fiscal year.FYI, for your information.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-9090654199752416542010-01-04T06:59:00.000-08:002010-01-04T07:02:26.695-08:00Medical Abbreviations B & C- Useful for Transcription and CodingB&C, biopsy and curettage.<br />B, B-cells.<br />B, black.<br />B, born.<br />b/c, benefit/cost (ratio).<br />B19-PRCA, pure red cell aplasia caused by parvovirus B19.<br />Ba, BA, barium.<br />BA, blood alcohol.<br />BA, bone age.<br />BA, brachial artery.<br />BA, bronchial asthma.<br />BAB, Babinski's sign<br />BAC, blood alcohol concentration<br />BACR, <a href="http://www.icr.ac.uk/bacr/home.htm">British Association for Cancer Research</a>.<br />Bact., bacteriologist; bacteriology<br />BaE, barium enema<br />BAER, brain stem auditory evoked response.<br />BAIJP, Bovie-assisted uvulopalatoplasty.<br />BAL, bronchoalveolar lavage.<br />BALF, broncho-alveolar lavage fluid.<br />B-ALL, B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.<br />bals, balsam.<br />BALT, bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue.<br />BAM, bamifylline.<br />BaM, barium meal.<br />BAM, basilar artery migraine.<br />BAM, bilateral augmentation mammoplasty.<br />BAM, brachial artery mean (pressure).<br />BAME, benzoylarginine methyl ester.<br />BamHI, restriction enzyme from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H.<br />BAN, British Approved Name.<br />BAN, <a href="http://www.theabn.org/">British Association of Neurologists</a>.<br />BANS, Back, posterior upper Arm, posterior Neck, Scalp; prognostically high-risk sites for malignant melanoma.<br />BAO, basal acid output.<br />BAO, brachial artery output.<br />BAO-MAO, basal acid output to maximal acid output (ratio).<br />BAP, bacterial alkaline phosphatase.<br />BAP, Behavior Activity Profile.<br />BAP, beta-amyloid peptide.<br />BAP, blood-agar plate.<br />BAP, bovine albumin in phosphate buffer.<br />BAP, brachial artery pressure.<br />BAPhysMed, British Association Physical Medicine.<br />BAPI, barley alkaline protease inhibitor.<br />BAPN, beta-aminoproprionitrile fumarate.<br />BAPO, <a href="http://www.belgianorthoweb.be/bapo">Belgian Association of Pediatric Orthopaedics</a>.<br />BAPP, beta amyloid precursor protein.<br />BAPS, biomechanical ankle platform system.<br />BAPS, bovine albumin phosphate saline.<br />BAPS, <a href="http://www.baps.org.uk/">British Association of Paediatric Surgeons</a>.<br />BAPS, <a href="http://www.baps.co.uk/">British Association of Plastic Surgeons</a>.<br />BAPT, British Association of Physical Training.<br />BAPTA, l,2-bis (aminophenoxy) ethane- N,N,N,N’-tetraacetic acid.<br />BAPV, bovine alimentary papilloma virus.<br />BAQ, brain-age quotient.<br />BAR, bariatrics; barometer, barometric.<br />bar, barometric.<br />BAR, beta-adrenergic receptor.<br />BAR, biofragmentable anastomosis ring.<br />BARB, barbiturates.<br />Barb,, barb barbiturate, barbituric.<br />BARK, beta-adrenergic receptor kinase.<br />Barn, benzamide.<br />BARN, bilateral acute retinal necrosis.<br />BARS, behaviorally anchored rating scale.<br />BART, blood-activated recalcification time.<br />BAS, balloon atrial septostomy<br />BaS, barium swallow.<br />bas, basilar.<br />bas, basophil, basophilic.<br />Bas, basophils.<br />BAS, benzyl anti-serotonin.<br />BAS, beta-adrenergic stimulation.<br />BAS, boric acid solution.<br />Bas., basal<br />BASA, Boston Assessment of Severe Aphasia.<br />BASE, B27-arthritis-sacroiliitis-extra-articular features (syndrome).<br />BASH, body acceleration synchronous with heart rate.<br />BASIC, Beginner’s All-Purpose Symbolic Introduction Code.<br />baso, basophil.<br />BASO, British Association of Surgical Oncologists.<br />basos, basophils (leukocytes).<br />BASPCAN, <a href="http://www.baspcan.org.uk/">British Association for the Study and Prevention of Child Abuse and Neglect</a>.<br />BAT, basic aid training.<br />BAT, best available technology.<br />BAT, blunt abdominal trauma.<br />BAT, brown adipose tissue.<br />BAUS, <a href="http://www.baus.org.uk/">British Association of Urological Surgeons</a>.<br />BAV, bicuspid aortic valve.<br />BAVCP, bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis.<br />BAVFO, bradycardia after arteriovenous fistula occlusion.<br />BAW, bronchoalveolar washing.<br />BB, bad breath.<br />BB, bed bath.<br />BB, bed board.<br />BB, beta blockade, beta blocker.<br />BB, BioBreeding (rat).<br />BB, blanket bath.<br />BB, blood bank.<br />BB, blood buffer.<br />BB, blow bottle.<br />BB, blue bloaters (emphysema).<br />bb, Bolton point.<br />BB, borderline.<br />bb, both bones.<br />BB, both bones.<br />BB, breakthrough bleeding.<br />BB, breast biopsy.<br />BB, brush border.<br />BB, buffer base.<br />BB, bundle branch.<br />BB, isoenzyme of creatine kinase containing two B subunits.<br />BB/FS, breast biopsy/frozen section<br />BBA, born before arrival.<br />BBB, blood buffer base.<br />BBB, blood-brain barrier.<br />BBB, bundle branch block.<br />BBBB, bilateral bundle-branch block.<br />BBBD, blood brain barrier disruption.<br />BBC, Belgian Bone Club <a href="http://www.effo.org/members/bbc.html">(EFFO Member Society)</a>.<br />BBC, bromobenzycyanide.<br />BBD, benign breast disease.<br />BBE, Bacteroides bile esculin (agar).<br />BBEP, brush border endopeptidase.<br />BBF, bronchial blood flow.<br />BBI, Biomedical Business International.<br />BBI, Bowman-Birk soybean inhibitor.<br />BBIW, BioBreeding/Worcester (rat).<br />BBM, brush border membrane.<br />BBMV, brush border membrane vesicle.<br />BBN, broad band noise.<br />BBRS, Burks’ Behavior Rating Scale.<br />BBS, Barolet-Biedl syndrome.<br />BBS, bashful bladder syndrome.<br />BBS, benign breast syndrome.<br />BBS, bilateral breath sounds.<br />BBS, bombesin.<br />BBS, borate-buffered saline.<br />BBS, brown bowel syndrome.<br />BBT, basal body temperature<br />BC, Bachelor of Surgery (Lat.Baccalaureus Chirurgiae).<br />BC, back care.<br />BC, bactericidal concentration.<br />BC, basal cell.<br />BC, basket cell.<br />BC, battle casualty.<br />BC, bicarbonate.<br />BC, biliary colic.<br />BC, bipolar cell.<br />BC, birth control.<br />BC, blastic crisis.<br />BC, blood count.<br />BC, blood culture.<br />BC, Blue Cross (plan).<br />BC, board certified.<br />BC, bone conduction.<br />BC, brachiocephalic.<br />BC, breast cancer.<br />BC, bronchial carcinoma.<br />BC, buccal cartilage.<br />BC, buccocervical.<br />BC, buffy coat.<br />BC/BS, Blue cross/Blue shield.<br />BCA, balloon catheter angioplasty.<br />BCA, bicinchoninic acid.<br />BCA, blood color analyzer.<br />BCA, Blue Cross Association.<br />BCA, branchial cleft anomaly.<br />BCA, breast cancer antigen.<br />BCAA, branched chain amino acid.<br />BCAT, brachiocephalic arterial trunk.<br />BCB, blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier.<br />BCB, brilliant cresyl blue.<br />BCBR, bilateral carotid body resection.<br />BCBSA, Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association.<br />BCC, basal cell carcinoma.<br />BCC, benign cellular changes (pap smear).<br />BCC, biliary cholesterol concentration.<br />BCC, birth control clinic.<br />bcc, body-centered-cubic.<br />BCCG, British Cooperative Clinical Group.<br />BCCP, biotin carboxyl carrier protein.<br />BCD, binary-coded decimal.<br />BCD, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, dactinomycin.<br />BCDDP, Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project.<br />BCDF, B-cell differentiation factor.<br />BCDL, Brachmann-Cornelia de Lange (syndrome).<br />BCDRS, brief Carroll depression rating scale.<br />BCDS, bulimia cognitive distortions scale.<br />BCDSP, Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program.<br />BCE, basal cell epithelioma.<br />BCE, benign childhood epilepsy.<br />BCE, bubble chamber equipment.<br />BCEI, breast cancer estrogen-inducible.<br />BCF, basophil chemotactic factor.<br />BCF, bioconcentration factor.<br />BCF, breast cyst fluid.<br />BCFP, breast cyst fluid protein.<br />BCG, bacille Calmette-Guérin (vaccine).<br />BCG, ballistocardiography, ballistocardiogram.<br />BCG, bicolor guaiac test.<br />BCG, bromcresol green.<br />BCGF, B-cell growth factor.<br />BCh, Bachelor of Surgery (Lat.Baccalaureus Chirurgiae).<br />BCH, basal cell hyperplasia.<br />BChD, Bachelor of Dental Surgery.<br />BCHE, butyrylcholinesterase.<br />BChir, Bachelor of Surgery (Lat.Baccalaureus Chirurgiae).<br />Bchl,, bChl bacterial chlorophyll.<br />BCHS, Bureau of Community Health Services.<br />BCHT, bicaval heart transplantation.<br />BCI, behavioral cues index.<br />BCI, brain-computer interface.<br />BCIA, Biomedical Clinical Instrumentation Association.<br />BCIP, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-inodolyl phosphate.<br />BCKA, branched-chain keto acid.<br />BCKD, branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase.<br />BCL, basic cycle length.<br />BCL, B-cell leukemia/lymphoma.<br />bcl-2, (B-cell lymphoma-2) a gene that inhibits apoptosis; overexpression may cause follicular lymphomas.<br />BCLPD, B-cell chronic lymphoprolipherative disorders.<br />BCNU, carmustine.<br />BCP, birth control pills.<br />bcr, breakpoint cluster region.<br />BCS, breast conservation surgery.<br />BD, (Lat: bis die) twice a day.<br />BD, band.<br />BD, barbital-dependent.<br />BD, barbiturate dependence.<br />BD, base deficit.<br />BD, base of prism down.<br />BD, basophilic degeneration.<br />BD, Batten disease.<br />BD, behavioral disorder.<br />BD, Behcet disease.<br />BD, belladonna.<br />BD, bicarbonate dialysis.<br />BD, bile duct.<br />BD, binocular deprivation.<br />BD, biotinylated dextran.<br />BD, birth date.<br />BD, black death.<br />BD, block design (test).<br />BD, blood donor.<br />BD, blue diaper (syndrome).<br />BD, board.<br />BD, border disease.<br />BD, borderline dull.<br />BD, bound.<br />BD, Bowen disease.<br />BD, brain damage.<br />BD, brain dead, brain death.<br />BD, Briquet disorder.<br />BD, bronchodilation, bronchodilator.<br />BD, buccodistal.<br />BD, bundle.<br />BD, buoyant density.<br />BD, Byler disease.<br />BDG, bidirectional Glenn shunt.<br />BE, barium enema.<br />BE, below the elbow.<br />BE, benzoylecgonine (cocaine).<br />BE, brisk and equal.<br />BEA, 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide.<br />BEC2, an anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody that mimics the ganglioside GD3.<br />BEMS, <a href="http://biomed.ucr.edu/bems.htm">Bioelectromagnetics Society</a>.<br />BERG , balloon-assisted endoscopic retroperitoneal gasless (<a href="http://www.vegas.infi.net/~isdrf/berg.htm">BERG lumbar interbody fusion</a>).<br />beta-2M, beta-2 microglobulin level.<br />BF, biofiltration.<br />BF, blood flow.<br />BF, bone fragment.<br />bFGF, basic fibroblast frowth factor.<br />BG, bone graft.<br />BGB, bisglucuronosyl bilirubin.<br />BGS, balance, gate, station<br />BGTT, borderline glucose tolerance test.<br />BH cells, baby hamster kidney cells.<br />BHA, butylated hydroxyanisole.<br />BHG, <a href="http://www.belgianorthoweb.be/bhg">Belgian Hand Group</a>.<br />BHIA, <a href="http://www.bhia.org/">British Healthcare Internet Association</a>.<br />BHP, benign hypertrophic prostate.<br />BHS, beta hemolytic streptococcus.<br />BHT, blunt head trauma.<br />BHT, butylated hydroxytoluene.<br />BHV-1, Bovine Herpesvirus-1.<br />Bic., biceps.<br />BID, brought in dead.<br />BID/BD, twice a day (bis in die).<br />BIJC, The British Isles Joint TNM Classification.<br />BIL, bilateral<br />bilat., bilateral.<br />BIN, bin, twice a night.<br />BIP, bronchiolitis obliterans with interstitial pneumonia.<br />BIR, baculovirus IAP repeat.<br />BIR, <a href="http://www.bir.org.uk/index.html">British Institute of Radiology</a>.<br />BIRP, B1-independent rotation phase-cycled.<br />BIRP, BIR-containing proteins.<br />Bis-GMA, bisphenol-a-glycidyl methacrylate.<br />BiVAS, biventricular assist system.<br />biw, twice a week.<br />BJ, Bence Jones (proteinuria).<br />BJ, biceps jerk.<br />BJ, bone and joint.<br />BJE, bones, joints, extremities<br />BJM, bones, joints, muscles.<br />BK, back.<br />BK, below the knee.<br />BKA, below knee amputation.<br />BKP, back pain.<br />BL, bilateral lower lung fields.<br />BL, blood loss.<br />Blad., bladder.<br />BLE, both lower extremities.<br />BLEED, bleeding (ongoing), low systolic blood pressure, elevated prothrombin time, erratic mental status, disease (unstable comorbid disease) (mnemonic for gastro-intestinal hemorrhage).<br />BLPD, B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder.<br />BLQ, both lower quadrants.<br />BLS, basic life support.<br />BLS-D, basic life support and defibrillation.<br />BM, basal metabolism.<br />BM, blood monitoring.<br />BM, body mass.<br />BM, bone marrow.<br />BM, bowel movement.<br />BMA, <a href="http://web.bma.org.uk/homepage.nsf">British Medical Association</a>.<br />BMD, <a href="http://www.mdausa.org/publications/fa-dmdbmd-what.html">Becker muscular dystrophies</a>.<br />BMD, <a href="http://www.rnib.org.uk/info/macdys.htm">Best's macular dystrophy</a>.<br />BMD, <a href="http://www.imaginis.com/osteoporosis/osteo_diagnose.asp">bone mineral density</a>.<br />BMES, <a href="http://mecca.mecca.org/BME/BMES/society/bmeshm.html">Biomedical Engineering Society</a>.<br />BMG, benign monoclonal gammopathy.<br />BMI, body mass index.<br />BMJ, <a href="http://www.bmj.com/">British Medical Journal</a>.<br />BMMEC, bone marrow microvascular endothelial cells.<br />BMN, bone marrow necrosis.<br />BMP, bone morphogenetic protein.<br />BMR, basal metabolic rate.<br />BMT, bone marrow transplant (see HDC and HDC/BMT).<br />BMZ, basement membrane zone.<br />BN, bound niacin.<br />BN, bulimia nervosa.<br />BND, barely noticeable difference.<br />BNLI, <a href="http://www.bnli.ucl.ac.uk/">British National Lymphoma Investigation</a>.<br />BNO, bladder neck obstruction.<br />BNST, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis.<br />BOA, born on arrival.<br />BOA, British Oncology Association.<br />BOA, <a href="http://www.boa.ac.uk/">British Orthopaedic Association</a>.<br />BODMA, British Oncology Data Managers Association (UK).<br />BOE, bilateral otitis externa.<br />BOLD, blood oxygenation level-dependent.<br />BOM, bilateral otitis media.<br />BOOP, <a href="http://www.epler.com/boop1.html">bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia</a>.<br />BOP, blood, ova, parasites.<br />BOS, <a href="http://indiaorth.simplenet.com/orth/bos/boscom.html">Bombay Orthopaedic Association</a>.<br />BOTA, <a href="http://www.belgianorthoweb.be/bota">Belgian Orthopaedic Trauma Association</a>.<br />BOW, bag of waters.<br />BP, B/P, blood pressure.<br />BP, bipolar.<br />BP, body part.<br />BP, bullous pemphigoid.<br />BPC, blood pressure cuff.<br />BPC, bronchoprovocation challenge.<br />BPD, borderline personality disorder.<br />BPD, bronchopulmonary dysplasia.<br />BPH, benign prostatic hypertrophy.<br />BPI, bactericidal permeability increasing protein.<br />BPI, Brief Pain Inventory.<br />BPL, Bauchinia purpurea alba.<br />bpm, beats per minute.<br />BPP, blood pressure and pulse.<br />BPPV, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.<br />BPS, Belgian Pain Society.<br />BPTB, bone-patellar tendon-bone.<br />BR, bacteriorhodopsin.<br />BR, bathroom.<br />BR, bedrest.<br />BRAT, a fusion protein between the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin (BR) and the catalytic subunit of aspartyl transcarbamylase from Escherichia coli.<br />BRAT, Baylor Rapid Autologous Transfusion system.<br />BRAT, Behaviour Research and Therapy.<br />brat, brain tumor gene.<br />BRB, bright red blood.<br />BRBPR, bright red blood per rectum.<br />BRCA1 & BRCA2 (pronounced bra,ka one ...) genes, prone to multiple mutations, that are involved in a percentage of the breast cancers.<br />BRD(C), bovine respiratory disease (complex).<br />BRFSS, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance system.<br />BRM, biological response modifier.<br />BRP, bathroom privileges.<br />BRW, breast meat weight.<br />BRY, breast meat yield.<br />BS, blood sugar.<br />BS, bowel sounds.<br />BS, breath sounds.<br />BS, bronchial secretion.<br />BSA, body surface area.<br />BSA, bovine serum albumin.<br />BSA, bowel signs active.<br />BSAEP, brain stem auditory evoked potentials.<br />BSC, bedside commode.<br />BSE, bovine spongiform encephalopathy.<br />BSE, breast self examination.<br />BSER, brainstem evoked response audiometry.<br />BSI, bloodstream infections.<br />BSL, baseline.<br />BSN, bowel sounds normal.<br />BSO, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy.<br />BSP, bromsulphalein (dye).<br />BSPh, bachelor of science in pharmacy.<br />BSQ, behavior style questionnaire.<br />BSR, basal skin resistance.<br />BSR, blood sedimentation rate.<br />BSR, bowel sounds regular.<br />BSR, brain stimulation reinforcement.<br />BSR, Buschke selective reminding (test).<br />BSS, Bachelor of Sanitary Science.<br />BSS, balanced salt solution.<br />BSS, Bernard-Soulier syndrome.<br />BSS, black silk suture.<br />BSS, <a href="http://www.liv.ac.uk/HumanAnatomy/phd/bss/bss.html">British Scoliosis Society</a>.<br />BSS, buffered salt solution.<br />BSS, buffered single substrate.<br />BSSE, bile salt-stimulated esterase.<br />BSSG, sitogluside.<br />BSSH, <a href="http://www.bssh.ac.uk/">British Society for Surgery of the Hand</a>.<br />BSSL, bile salt-stimulated lipase.<br />BST, bacteriuria screening test.<br />BST, blood serologic test.<br />BST, brief stimulus therapy.<br />BSTFA, bis-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide.<br />BSU, Bartholin, Skene, urethral (glands).<br />BSU, basic structural unit.<br />BSU, British standard unit.<br />BSV, binocular single vision.<br />BT base of tongue.<br />BT, bedtime.<br />BT, bitemporal.<br />BT, bitrochanteric.<br />BT, bladder tumor.<br />BT, Blalock-Taussig (shunt).<br />BT, bleeding time.<br />BT, blood type, blood typing.<br />BT, blue tetrazolium.<br />BT, blue tongue.<br />BT, body temperature.<br />BT, borderline tuberculoid.<br />BT, botulinum toxin.<br />BT, bovine turbinate (cells).<br />BT, brain tumor.<br />BT, breast tumor.<br />Bt2cAMP, N6,O2c- dibutyryladenosine 3c:5c-cyclic monophosphate, a dibutyryl derivative of cAMP.<br />BTA, Blood Transfusion Association.<br />BTB, breakthrough bleeding.<br />BTB, bromthymol blue.<br />BTBL, bromothymol blue lactose.<br />BTC, basal temperature chart.<br />BTC, biliary tract complication.<br />BTC, body temperature chart.<br />BTCG, Brain Tumor Cooperative Group.<br />BTD, biliary tract disease.<br />BTDS, benzoylthiamine disulfide.<br />BTE, behind the ear (hearing aid).<br />BTE, bovine thymus extract.<br />BTFS, breast tumor frozen section.<br />BTG, beta-thromboglobulin.<br />BTg, bovine trypsinogen.<br />BthU, British thermal unit.<br />BTL, bilateral tubal ligation.<br />BTLS, basic trauma life support.<br />BTM, benign tertian malaria.<br />BTM, blood temperature monitor.<br />BTMSA, bis-trimethylsilacetylene.<br />BTP, biliary tract pain.<br />BTP, biological treatment planning.<br />BTPABA, N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid.<br />BTPS, at body temperature and ambient pressure, and saturated with water vapor (gas).<br />BTR, Bezold-type reflex.<br />BTR, biceps tendon reflex.<br />BTR, biceps tendon reflex.<br />BTr, bovine trypsin.<br />BTS, blood transfusion service.<br />BTS, blue toe syndrome.<br />BTS, bradycardia-tachycaxdia syndrome.<br />BTSG, Brain Tumor Study Group.<br />bTSH bovine thyroid-stimulating hormone.<br />BTU, British thermal unit.<br />BTV, blue tongue virus.<br />BTW, back to work.<br />BTW, by the way.<br />BTx, blood transfusion.<br />BTX, botulinum toxin.<br />BTX, brevetoxin.<br />BTZ, benzothiazepine.<br />BU, base of prism up.<br />BU, Bethesda unit.<br />BU, blood urea.<br />BU, Bodansky unit.<br />BU, bromouracil.<br />BU, burn unit.<br />BU, Buruli ulcer.<br />Bu, bushel.<br />Bu, butyl.<br />BUA, blood uric acid.<br />BUA, broadband ultrasonic attenuation.<br />BUAS, Boston University Accutane Survey.<br />Buc, Bucc, buccal.<br />BUDR, bromodeoxyuridine.<br />BUDS, bilateral upper dorsal sympathectomy.<br />BUE, both upper extremities.<br />BUF, buffalo (rat).<br />BUG, buccal ganglion.<br />BUI, brain uptake index.<br />BULIT, bulimia test.<br />BuMed, Bureau of Medicine and Surgery.<br />BUMP, behavioral regression or upset in hospitalized medical patients (scale).<br />BUN, blood urea nitrogen.<br />BUN/CR, blood urea nitrogen/creatine ratio.<br />BUO, bleeding of undetermined origin, bruising of undetermined origin.<br />BUQ, both upper quadrants.<br />BUR bilateral ureteral occlusion.<br />BUS Bartholin, urethral, and Skene glands.<br />BUS, busulfan.<br />But, but, butyrate, butyric.<br />BV, bacitracin V.<br />BV, bacterial vaginosis.<br />BV, biological value.<br />BV, blood vessel.<br />BV, blood volume.<br />BV, bronchovesicular.<br />BVA, Blind Veterans Association.<br />BVA, British Veterinary Association.<br />BVAD, biventricular assist device.<br />BVAS, Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (prognostic scoring systems).<br />BVC, British Veterinary Codex.<br />BVD, bovine viral diarrhea.<br />BVD-MD, bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease.<br />BVDT, brief vestibular disorientation test.<br />BVDU, bromovinyldeoxyuridine.<br />BVDV, bovine virus diarrhea virus.<br />BVE, binocular visual efficiency.<br />BVE, blood vessel endothelium.<br />BVE, blood volume expander.<br />BVGHV, <a href="http://www.belgianorthoweb.be/bvghv/">Belgian Society of Medicine and Surgery of the Foot</a>.<br />BVH, biventricular hypertrophy.<br />BVI, blood vessel invasion.<br />BVL, bilateral vas ligation.<br />BVM, bag-valve-mask.<br />BVM, bronchovascular markings.<br />BVM, Bureau of Veterinary Medicine.<br />BVMGT, Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test.<br />BVMOT, Bender Visual-Motor Gestalt Test.<br />BVMS, Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine and Science.<br />BVO, branch vein occlusion.<br />BVOT, <a href="http://www.belgianorthoweb.be/bvot/">Belgische Vereniging voor Orthopedie en Traumatologie</a>.<br />BVP, blood vessel prosthesis.<br />BVP, blood volume pulse.<br />BVP, burst of ventricular pacing.<br />BVR, baboon virus replication.<br />BVR, bureau of vocational rehabilitation.<br />BVS, blanked ventricular sense.<br />BVSc, Bachelor of Veterinary Science.<br />BVU, bromoisovalerylurea.<br />BVV, bovine vaginitis virus.<br />BW, bacteriological warfare.<br />BW, bed wetting.<br />BW, below waist.<br />BW, biological warfare.<br />BW, biological weapon.<br />BW, birth weight.<br />BW, black woman.<br />BW, bladder washout.<br />BW, blood Wasserman (reaction).<br />BW, body water.<br />BW, body weight.<br />BWD, bacillary white diarrhea.<br />BWFI, bacteriostatic water for injection.<br />BWI, birth weight.<br />BWS, battered woman (or wife) syndrome.<br />BWS, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome.<br />BWST, black widow spider toxin.<br />BWSV, black widow spider venom.<br />Bwt, body weight.<br />BWYV, beet western yellow virus.<br />BX, bx, bacitracin X.<br />BX, Bx, biop., biopsy.<br />BXO, balanitis xerotica obliterans.<br />ByCPR, bystander cardiac pulmonary resuscitation.<br />BYDV, barley yellow dwarf virus.<br />BYE, Barila-Yaguchi-Eveland (medium).<br />BZ, benzodiazepine.<br />Bz, Bzl, benzoyl.<br />BZD, benzodiazepine.<br />BZQ, benzquinamide.<br />BZRP, benzodiazepine receptor peripheral (type).<br />BZS, Bannayan-Zonana syndrome<br /><br />C sect, C-section, cesarean section.<br />C&C, cold and clammy.<br />C&M, cocaine and morphine.<br />C&S, calvarium and scalp.<br />C&S, conjunctiva and sclera.<br />C&S, culture and sensitivity.<br />c(with line over it), with.<br />C, Celsius, centigrade, complement<br />C, certainty factor.<br />c, clinical.<br />C, cortex.<br />C, cysteine.<br />C, cytosine.<br />C, List.<br />C, standard clearance.<br />C, static respiratory compliance.<br />C/C, chief complaint.<br />C/M, counts per minute.<br />C/O, care of; complains of.<br />C/S, cesarean section.<br />C/S, cycles per second.<br />c/w, compatible with.<br />C/W, continue with.<br />C02, carbon dioxide.<br />C1 - C7, Cervical vertebrae.<br />C4S, chondroitin-4-sulfate.<br />Ca, calcium.<br />CA, cancer.<br />CA, carbonic anhydrase.<br />CA, carcinoma.<br />CA, cardiac arrest.<br />CA, catchment area.<br />CA, Caucasian adult.<br />CA, chromosomal aberration.<br />CA, chronological age.<br />CA, cornu Ammonis (Ammon’s horn).<br />CA, corpus allatum.<br />CA, cytoxan plus adriamycin (treatment regimen).<br />CAA, cerebral amyloid angiopathy.<br />CAA, cytosine-adenine-adenine codon for glutamine.<br />CAB, coronary artery bypass.<br />CABG, coronary artery bypass graft.<br />CAC, cytosine-adenine-cytosine codon for histidine.<br />CACO3, calcium carbonate.<br />CAD, coronary artery disease.<br />CAE, carotid artery endarterectomy.<br />CAF, caffeine.<br />CAF, Caucasian adult female<br />CAF, cell adhesion factor.<br />CAF, chloramphenicol.<br />CAF, chronic atrial fibrillation.<br />CAF, citric acid fermentation.<br />CAF, cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, and 5-fluorouracil.<br />CAG, cytosine-adenine-guanine codon for glutamine.<br />CAH, chronic active hepatitis.<br />CAI, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.<br />CALGB, <a href="http://www.calgb.org/">Cancer and Leukemia Group B (USA)</a>.<br />cALL, common ALL.<br />CALLA, common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen.<br />CAM, Caucasian adult male.<br />CAM, Complementary and Alternative Medicine.<br />CAMIS, Computer Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery <a href="http://www.neus.ccf.org/camis/camis.html">(Cleveland Clinic Foundation)</a>.<br />c-ANCA, cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies.<br />CAO, chronic airflow obstruction.<br />CAOS, Computer Assisted Orthopaedic Systems <a href="http://www2.dcs.hull.ac.uk/caos/back.html">(Hull University)</a>.<br />CAP, <a href="http://www.cap.org/">College of American Pathologists</a>.<br />CAPD, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.<br />CAPMR, <a href="http://capmr.medical.org/">Canadian Association of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation</a>.<br />caps, capsules.<br />CAREMIS, Current Agricultural Management Information System.<br />CAS, computer aided surgery (<a href="http://journals.wiley.com/cas">Journal</a>).<br />CaSac, calcium saccharin.<br />CASIB, computer-assisted frameless stereotactic interstitial brachytherapy.<br />CAST-6, Children of Alcoholics Screening Test, 6-Item Version.<br />CASTLE, carcinoma showing thymus-like differentiation.<br />CAT, cataract.<br />CAT, chloramphenicol avetyltransferase.<br />CAT, coital alignment technique.<br />CAT, computed axial tomography.<br />CATCH, critically attained threshold of cerebral hypoperfusion.<br />Cath, catheter.<br />CAU, cytosine-adenine-uracil codon for histidine.<br />CAV, cytoxan, adriamycin, and vincristine.<br />CAVB, chronic AV block.<br />CAVH, continuous arterio-venous haemofiltration.<br />CAVHD, continuous arterio-venous haemodialysis.<br />CB, chest-back.<br />CB, chronic bronchitis<br />CB, current complaint.<br />CB3S, Coxsackie B3 virus susceptibility.<br />CBC, combinatorial chemistry.<br />CBC, complete blood count.<br />CBD, corticobasal degeneration.<br />CBDS, corticobasal degeneration syndrome.<br />CBF, cerebral blood flow.<br />CBF, core binding factor (16q22).<br />CBF, coronary blood flow.<br />CBG, cortisol binding globulin.<br />CBGD, cortical-basal ganglionic degeneration.<br />CBP, colon anastomosis bursting pressure.<br />CBPP, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia.<br />CBQ, California Behavior Questionnaire.<br />CBQ, cellobiose:quinone oxidoreductase.<br />CBQ, Childbearing Questionnaire.<br />CBQ, Children’s Behavior Questionnaire.<br />CBQ, Conflict Behavior Questionnaire.<br />CBR, complete bed rest.<br />CBS, cervicobrachial syndrome<br />CBS, chronic brain syndrome.<br />CBS, clinical behavioral science.<br />CBS, conjugated bile salts.<br />CBS, culture-bound syndrome.<br />CBS, cystathionine beta-synthase.<br />CBT, carotid body tumor.<br />CBT, cognitive behavioral treatment/therapy.<br />CBT, computed body tomography.<br />CBV, capillary blood cell velocity.<br />CBV, catheter balloon valvuloplasty.<br />CBV, central blood volume.<br />CBV, cerebral blood volume.<br />CBV, circulating blood volume.<br />CBV, corrected blood volume.<br />CBV, cortical blood volume.<br />CBV, Coxsackie B virus.<br />CBVD, cerebrovascular disease.<br />CBW, chemical and biological warfare.<br />CBX, computer-based examination.<br />CBZ, carbamazepine.<br />CC&C, colony count and culture.<br />CC, Caucasian child.<br />CC, cc, cubic centimeter.<br />CC, chief complaint.<br />cc, clean catch.<br />CC, closed cup.<br />CC, closing capacity.<br />CC, collagenous colitis.<br />CC, colony count.<br />CC, colorectal cancer.<br />CC, columnar cells.<br />CC, commission certified.<br />CC, common cold.<br />CC, complicating condition.<br />CC, compound cathartic.<br />CC, computer calculated.<br />cc, concave.<br />Cc, concave.<br />CC, concordance.<br />CC, congenital cardiopathy.<br />CC, congenital cataract.<br />CC, consumptive coagulopathy.<br />CC, contrast cystogram.<br />CC, conversion complete.<br />C-C, convexo-concavc.<br />CC, coracoclavicular.<br />CC, cord compression.<br />CC, corpora cardiaca.<br />CC, corpus callosum.<br />cc, corrected.<br />CC, costochondral.<br />CC, Coulter counter.<br />CC, craniocaudal.<br />CC, craniocervical.<br />CC, creatinine clearance.<br />CC, critical care.<br />CC, critical condition.<br />CC, Crohn colitis.<br />CC, Cronkhite-Canada (syndrome).<br />CC, crus cerebri.<br />cc, cubic centimeter.<br />CC, Current Contents.<br />CCA, cephalin cholesterol antigen.<br />CCA, chick cell agglutination.<br />CCA, chimpanzee coryza agent.<br />CCA, choriocarcinoma.<br />CCA, circulating cathodic antigen.<br />CCA, circumflex coronary artery.<br />CCA, common carotid artery.<br />CCA, congenital contractural arachnodactyly.<br />CCA, constitutional chromosome abnormality.<br />CCA, Consultative Committee on Agriculture .<br />CCA, cytosine-cytosine-adenine codon for proline.<br />CCAT, chick cell agglutination test.<br />CCAT, conglutinating complement absorption test.<br />CCB, calcium channel blocker.<br />CCBV, central circulating blood volume.<br />CCC, care-cure coordination.<br />CCC, cathodal closure contraction.<br />CCC, chronic calculous cholecystitis.<br />CCC, chronic catarrhal colitis.<br />CCC, comprehensive care clinic.<br />CCC, concurrent care concern.<br />CCC, consecutive case conference.<br />CCC, council on clinical classification.<br />CCC, critical care complex.<br />CCC, cylindrical confronting cistemae.<br />CCC, cytosine-cytosine-cytosine codon for proline.<br />CCCAD, The Canadian Consensus Conference on the Assessment of Dementia.<br />CCCC, centrifugal countercurrent chromatography<br />cccDNA covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid.<br />CCCE, cross-cultural cognitive examination.<br />CCCI, cathodal closure clonus.<br />CCCP, carbonyl cyanide m-chloro-phenyl-hydrazone.<br />CCCR, closed chest cardiac resuscitation.<br />CCCS, Canadian Committee on Cancer Staging.<br />CCCS, condom catheter collecting system.<br />CCCT, closed craniocerebral trauma.<br />CCCU, comprehensive cardiac care unit.<br />CCD, calibration curve data<br />CCD, central core disease.<br />CCD, charge-coupled device.<br />CCD, childhood celiac disease.<br />CCD, cleidocranial dysplasia.<br />CCD, clinical cardiovascular disease.<br />CCD, countercurrent distribution.<br />CCD, cumulative cardiotoxic dose.<br />CCDC, Canadian Communicable Disease Center.<br />CCDN, Central Council for District Nursing.<br />CcDNA, closed circle deoxyribonucleic acid.<br />CCE, carboline carboxylic acid ester.<br />CCE, chamois contagious ecthyma.<br />CCE, clear-cell endothelioma.<br />CCE, countercurrent electrophoresis.<br />CCE, cyanosis, clubbing or edema.<br />CCEHRP, Committee to Coordinate Environmental Health and Related Programs.<br />CCEI, Crown-Crisp Experimental Index.<br />CCF, cancer coagulation factor.<br />CCF, cardiolipin complement fixation.<br />CCF, carotid-cavernous fistula.<br />CCF, centrifuged culture fluid.<br />CCF, cephalin-cholesterol flocculation.<br />CCF, compound comminuted fracture.<br />CCF, congestive cardiac failure.<br />CCF, crystal-induced chemotactic factor..<br />CCFA, cefotoxin-cycloserine fructose agar.<br />CCFAS, compact colony-forming active substance.<br />CCFE, cyclophosphamide, cisplatin, fluorouracil, and extramustine.<br />CCFMG, Cooperating Committee on Foreign Medical Graduates.<br />CCFPC, Certificant member, <a href="http://www.cfpc.ca/_news/news.asp">College of Family Physicians of Canada</a>.<br />CCG, <a href="http://www.nccf.org/nccf/ccg_who.htm">Children's Cancer Group (USA)</a>.<br />CCG, cholecystogram, cholecystography.<br />CCG, clinically coherent group.<br />CCG, cytosine-cytosine-guanine codon for proline.<br />CCGC, capillary column gas chromotography.<br />CCH, C-cell hyperplasia.<br />CCH, chronic chloride hemagglutination.<br />CCH, chronic cholestatic hepatitis.<br />CCH, circumscribed choroidal hemangiomas.<br />CCHA, Canadian Council on Hospital Accreditation.<br />CCHD, Chester County Health Department.<br />CCHD, cyanotic congenital heart disease.<br />CCHE, Central Council for Health Education.<br />CCHFA, Canadian Council on Health Facilities Accreditation.<br />CCHMS, Central Committee for Hospital Medical Services.<br />CCHP, Consumer Choice Health Plan.<br />CCHS, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.<br />CCI, Cardiovascular Credentialing International.<br />CCI, cholesterol crystallization inhibitor.<br />CCI, chronic coronary insufficiency.<br />CCI, common client interface.<br />CCI, corrected count increment.<br />CCID50, cell culture infectious dose 50 %.<br />CCK, cholecystokinin.<br />CCK-8, cholecystokinin octapeptide.<br />CCKLI, cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity<br />CCK-OP, cholecystokinin octapeptide.<br />CCK-PZ, cholecystokinin-pancreozymin.<br />CCKRB, cholecystokinin receptor B.<br />CCL, carcinoma cell line.<br />CCL, certified cell line.<br />CCL, Charcot-Leyden crystal.<br />CCL, continuing care level.<br />CCL, critical carbohydrate level.<br />CCLI, composite clinical and laboratory index.<br />CCM, cerebrocostomandibular (syndrome).<br />CCM, chemical cleavage of mismatch.<br />CCM, congestive cardiomyopathy.<br />CCM, contextual choice model.<br />CCM, craniocervical malformation.<br />CCM, critical care medicine.<br />CCMC, Committee on the Costs of Medical Care.<br />CCME, Coordinating Council on Medical Education.<br />CCMS, cerebrocostomandjbular syndrome.<br />CCMS, clean catch midstream (urine).<br />CCMS, clinical care management system.<br />CCMSU, clean catch midstream urine.<br />CCMT, catechol methyltransferase.<br />CCMU, critical care medical unit.<br />CCN, caudal central nucleus.<br />CCN, community care network.<br />CCN, coronary care nursing.<br />CCN, critical care nursing.<br />CCNHP, community college nursing home project.<br />CCNU, N-(2-chloroethyl)-N’-cyclo-hexyl-N-nitrosourea.<br />CCO, cytochrome C oxidase.<br />CCOT, cervical compression overloading test.<br />CCPD, continuous cycling peritoneal dialysis.<br />CCR, continuous complete remission.<br />CCRG, Children's Cancer Research Group (Oxford, UK).<br />CCS, Canadian Cancer Society.<br />CCSC, Canadian Cardiovascular Society Classification.<br />CCU, coronary/cardiac care unit.<br />CCU, cytosine-cytosine-uracil codon for proline.<br />CD, cardiovascular disease.<br />CD, cause of death.<br />CD, circular dichroism.<br /><a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/prow/guide/45277084.htm">CD</a>, cluster of differentiation (eg. CD4, CD8) - <a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/prow/guide/45277084.htm">full list of CDs</a>.<br />CD, curative dose.<br />CD138, plasma cell membrane receptor.<br />CD138/B-B4, immunoperoxidase stain using an antibody against CD 138.<br />CDA, congenital dyserythropoietic anemia.<br />CDC, <a href="http://www.cdc.gov/">Centers for Disease Control</a>.<br />CDG, Congenital disorders of glycosylation.<br />CDGS, carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome.<br />CDH, congenital dislocation of the hip.<br />CDH, congenital dysplasia of hip.<br />CDI, clean, dry, intact.<br />Cdiff, C-diff, Clostridium difficile.<br />CDMS, clinically definite multiple sclerosis.<br />cDNA, complementary DNA (a synthetic DNA copied from mRNA).<br />CDO, congenital duodenal obstruction.<br />CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating.<br />CDR, complementarity-determining regions.<br />CDS, cervico-dorsal syndrome.<br />CDT, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin.<br />CE angle (radiograph), center-edge angle.<br />CE, carboxylesterases.<br />CE, chloracetate esterase.<br />CE, european conformity.<br />CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen.<br />CEC, chloroethylclonidine.<br />CEF, cytoxan plus epirubicin plus 5.<br />Ceff, effective compliance; bedside method of monitoring the effectiveness of PEEP; equal with VT(tidal volume)/peak air pressure, should be greater than 50 cm3/cmH2O.<br />CENELEC, European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization.<br />CERAD, Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease.<br />Cervical dil., cervical dilation.<br />CEZ, cefazolin.<br />CF, compare, refer to.<br />CF, complement fixation.<br />CF, cystic fibrosis.<br />CFAE, ceftiofur free acid equivalent.<br />CFC, colony-forming cells.<br />CFCOT, College Francais des Chirurgiens Orthopedistes et Traumatologues.<br />CFIDS, <a href="http://www.cfids.org/">Chronic Fatigue and Immune Dysfunction Syndrome</a>.<br />CFM, continuous electronic fetal monitoring.<br />CFNS, chills, fever, night sweats.<br />CFP, call for papers.<br />CFPC, <a href="http://www.cfpc.ca/_news/news.asp">College of Family Physicians of Canada</a>.<br />CFS, <a href="http://www.cfids.org/">Chronic Fatigue (and Immune Dysfunction) Syndrome</a>.<br />CFS/ME, chronic fatigue syndrome (often called myalgic encephalomyelitis, especially in the UK).<br />CFTR, cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator.<br />CFU, colony forming units.<br />CFUc, colony-forming unit cells.<br />CFU-GEMM, colony-forming units generating granulocytes, erythroblasts, macrophages, and megakaryiocytes.<br />CFU-S, spleen colony-forming units.<br />cg, centigram.<br />CG, chorionic gonadotropin.<br />CGA, cytosine-guanine-adenine codon for arginine.<br />CGC, cytosine-guanine-cytosine codon for arginine.<br />CGCGGATC, Oct motif.<br />CGD, chronic granulomatous disease.<br />CGG, cytosine-guanine-guanine codon for arginine.<br />CGH, comparative genomic hybridization - cytogenetics method.<br />CGL, chronic granulocytic leukemia (previous name for CML).<br />CGN, crescentic glomerulonephritis.<br />CGRP, calcitonin gene-related peptide.<br />CGU, cytosine-guanine-uracil codon for arginine.<br />cGy, centi Gray (unit of radiation).<br />CH, characteristic.<br />CH, chest.<br />CH, chief.<br />CH, chronic.<br />CH, crown-heel.<br />ch. br. syn., chronic brain syndrome.<br />CH50, total functional hemolytic complement.<br />CHA, calcium hydroxyapatite.<br />CHA, congenital hypoplastic anemia.<br />cHA, coralline hydroxyapatite.<br />CHD, congenital dislocation of the hip.<br />CHD, congenital heart disease<br />CHD, coronary heart disease.<br />ChE, cholinesterases.<br />chemo, chemotherapy.<br />CHF, congestive heart failure.<br />CHG, change.<br />CHI, closed head injury.<br />CHILD syndrome, congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythrodermal and limb defects.<br />ChlVPP, chlorambucil, vinblastine, procarbazine, and prednisone.<br />CHOL, serum cholesterol.<br />CHR, chronic.<br />CHR, chronological.<br />CHS, calvarial hyperostotic syndrome.<br />CHS, Chediak-Higashi syndrome.<br />CHS, customized headholder system.<br />CHS1, Chediak Higashi syndrome gene, located on chromosome 1 (1q42-44).<br />CHT, classical heart transplantation.<br />CI, cardiac index (cardiac output divided by the patient's body surface area); normal 2.8-4.2 L/min/m2.<br />CI, cardiac insufficiency.<br />CI, cerebral infarction.<br />CI, confidence interval.<br />CIA, collagen-induced arthritis.<br />CIBIC-Plus, Clinician’s Interview Based Impression of Change Plus Caregiver Input.<br />CIC, circulating immune complexes.<br />CIC, crisis intervention clinic.<br />CICU, cardiac intensive care unit.<br />CID, carpal instability, dissociative.<br />CIDA, Canadian International Development Agency.<br />CIDP, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy.<br />CIG, cigarette consumption.<br />cig, cigarette.<br />CIG, cold insoluble globulin.<br />CIG, cryosurgical iceball gauge.<br />cIg, cytoplasmic immunoglobulin.<br />cIgM, cytoplasmic immunoglobulin M.<br />CIK, cytokine induced-killer cells.<br />CIMF, chronic idiopathic myelofibrosis.<br />CIMMYT, International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center.<br />CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (grades I, II, III).<br />CIND, carpal instability non-dissociative.<br />CIP, clinical investigation plan.<br />CIP, International Foot and Ankle Society.<br />CIRC, circulation.<br />CIRC, circumference.<br />CIS, carcinoma in situ.<br />CISH, chromosomal in situ hybridization.<br />CJD, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.<br />CJF, carotid-jugular fistula.<br />CK 18, cytokeratin found in hepatocyte, renal tubular cell, ductular epithelia, mesothelia, and respiratory epithelia.<br />CK 1-8, neutral to basic cytokeratin.<br />CK 9-20, acidic cytokeratin.<br />CK, check.<br />CK, creatine kinase.<br />CK, cytokeratin.<br />CKD, result checked.<br />CKMB, creatine kinase muscle band.<br />CKS, classic Kaposi sarcoma.<br />CL VOID, clean voided specimen (urine).<br />CL(P), cleft lip without cleft palate.<br />CL, capillary lumen.<br />CL, cardiolipin.<br />CL, cell line.<br />cl, centiliter.<br />CL, centralis lateralis.<br />CL, chemiluminescence.<br />CL, chest and left arm (lead in electrocardiography).<br />Cl, chloride.<br />Cl, chlorine.<br />CL, cholelithiasis.<br />CL, cholesterol-lecithin.<br />CL, chronic leukemia.<br />CL, cirrhosis of liver.<br />cl, clarified.<br />Cl, clavicle.<br />CL, clavicle.<br />cl, clean.<br />CL, clean.<br />CL, clear liquid.<br />cl, clear.<br />Cl, clear.<br />CL, clearance.<br />CL, cleft lip.<br />cl, cleft.<br />cl, clinic, clinical.<br />Cl, clinic.<br />CL, clinical laboratory.<br />CL, clomipramine.<br />cl, clonus.<br />CL, closed.<br />Cl, Clostridium.<br />Cl, closure.<br />cl, clotting.<br />cl, cloudy.<br />Cl, colistin.<br />CL, complex loading.<br />CL, confidence limit or level.<br />CL, constant domain of L chain.<br />C-L, consultation-liaison (setting).<br />CL, contact lens.<br />CL, corpus luteum.<br />CL, corrected (echo long axis) length.<br />CL, cricoid lamina.<br />CL, criterion level.<br />CL, critical list.<br />CL, cycle length.<br />CL, cytotoxic lymphocyte.<br />CL, lung compliance.<br />CL/CP, cleft lip/cleft palate.<br />CL/CP, cleft lip/cleft palate.<br />CL/P cleft lip with or without cleft palate.<br />CLA, cerebellar ataxia.<br />CLA, Certified Laboratory Assistant.<br />CLA, cervicolinguoaxial.<br />CLA, contralateral local anesthesia.<br />CLA, cutaneous lymphocyte antigen.<br />CLA, cyclic lysine anhydride.<br />ClAc, chloroacetyl.<br />CLAH, congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia.<br />Clam, cervical laminectomy.<br />CLAS, congenital localized absence of skin.<br />class, classif, classification.<br />clav, clavicle.<br />CLB, chlorambucil.<br />CLB, curvilinear body.<br />CLBBB, complete left bundle branch block.<br />CLBP, chronic low back pain.<br />CLC, Charcot-Leyden crystal.<br />CLC, Clerc-Levy-Critesco (syndrome).<br />CLCD, cleidocranial dysostosis.<br />CLCN, chloride channel.<br />CLCP, chymotrypsin-like cationic protein.<br />CLCS, colchicine sensitivity.<br />CLD, chloride diarrhea.<br />CLD, chronic liver disease.<br />CLD, chronic lung disease.<br />CLD, congenital limb deficiency.<br />CLD, crystal ligand field.<br />CLDH, choline dehydrogenase.<br />CLDP, Commercial Law Development Program.<br />Cldy, cloudy.<br />CLE, centrilobular emphysema.<br />CLE, continuous lumbar epidural (anesthesia).<br />CLED, cystine-lactose-electrolyte-deficient (agar).<br />CLF, calcification of ligamentum flavum.<br />CLF, cardiolipin fluorescent (antibody).<br />CLF, ceroid lipofuscinosis.<br />CLF, cholesterol-lecithin flocculation.<br />CLH, chronic lobular hepatitis.<br />CLH, cleft limb-heart (syndrome).<br />CLH, corpus luteum hormone.<br />CLH, cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia.<br />CLI, complement lysis inhibitor.<br />CLI, corpus luteum insufficiency.<br />CLIA, Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act.<br />CLIF, cloning inhibitory factor.<br />CLIF, Crithidia luciliae immunofluorescence.<br />clin, clinic, clinical.<br />CLINPROT, Clinical Cancer Protocols.<br />CLIP, capitolunate instability pattern.<br />CLIP, corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide.<br />CL-IVR, cycle length of the idioventricular rhythm.<br />CLL, cholesterol-lowering lipid.<br />CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia.<br />CLL, cow lung lavage.<br />CLL/SLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma.<br />CLMA, Clinical Laboratory Management Association.<br />CLMF, cytotoxic lymphocyte maturation factor.<br />CLML, Current List of Medical Literature.<br />CLMV, cauliflower mosaic virus.<br />clo, "clothing"—a unit of thermal insulation.<br />CLO, cod liver oil.<br />CLOF, clofibrate.<br />CLON, clonidine.<br />Clon, Clonorchis.<br />Clostr, Clostridium.<br />CLP, chymotrypsin-like protein.<br />CLP, cleft lip with cleft palate.<br />ClP, clinical pathology.<br />CLP, paced cycle length.<br />CLS, café-au-lait spot.<br />CLS, Clinical Laboratory Scientist.<br />CLS, Coffin-Lowry syndrome.<br />CLS, Cornelia de Lange syndrome.<br />CLSE, calf lung surfactant extract.<br />CLSH, corpus luteum stimulating hormone.<br />CLSL, chronic lymphosarcoma (cell) leukemia.<br />CLT(NCA), Laboratory Technician Certified by the National Certification Agency for Medical Laboratory Personnel.<br />CLT, Certified Laboratory Technician.<br />CLT, chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.<br />CLT, Clinical Laboratory Technician.<br />CLT, clot lysis time.<br />CLT, clotting time.<br />CLT, lung-thorax compliance.<br />CLTB, total body clearance.<br />CLU, clusterin.<br />CLV, cassava latent virus.<br />CLV, constant linear velocity.<br />CLZ, clozapine.<br />CM, California mastitis (test).<br />CM, calmodulin<br />CM, capreomycin<br />CM, carboxymethyl<br />CM, cardiac murmur<br />CM, cardiac muscle<br />CM, cardiomyopathy<br />CM, carpometacarpal<br />CM, castrated male<br />CM, Caucasian male<br />CM, cause of death (form Latin causa mortis)<br />CM, cavernous malformation<br />CM, cell membrane<br />CM, center of mass<br />cM, centi -morgan.<br />cm, centimeter - 0.01 meters.<br />CM, centrum medianum.<br />CM, cerebral malaria<br />CM, cerebral mantle<br />CM, cervical mucosa or mucus<br />CM, Chick-Martin (coefficient)<br />CM, chloroquinemepacrine<br />CM, chondromalacia<br />CM, chopped meat (medium)<br />CM, circular muscle<br />CM, circulating monocyte<br />CM, circumferential measurement<br />CM, clindamycin<br />CM, clinical medicine<br />CM, clinical modification<br />CM, coccidioidal meningitis<br />CM, cochlear microphonic<br />CM, combined modality<br />CM, common migraine<br />CM, complete medium<br />CM, complications<br />CM, condition median<br />CM, conditioned medium<br />CM, congenital malformation<br />CM, congestive myocardiopathy<br />CM, continuous murmur<br />CM, contrast medium<br />CM, copulatory mechanism<br />CM, costal margin<br />CM, cow’s milk<br />Cm, curium.<br />CM, cytometry<br />CM, cytoplasmic membrane<br />CM, Master of Surgery (from Latin Chirurgiae Magister)<br />Cm, maximum clearance.<br />Cm, minimal concentration.<br />CM, narrow-diameter endosseous screw implant (form French crete manche).<br />cm2, square centimeter.<br />cm3, cubic centimeter.<br />CMA, Canadian Medical Association.<br />CMA, Certified Medical Assistant.<br />CMA, chronic metabolic acidosis.<br />CMA, cow’s milk allergy.<br />CMA, cultured macrophages.<br />CMAP, compound muscle (or motor) action potential.<br />CMAR, cell matrix adhesion regulator.<br />Cmax, Cmax, maximum concentration.<br />CMB, carbolic methylene blue.<br />CMB, Central Midwives’ Board.<br />CMB, chloromercuribenzoate.<br />CMBES, Canadian Medical and Biological Engineering Society.<br />CMC, carboxymethylcellulose.<br />CMC, care management continuity.<br />CMC, carpometacarpal.<br />CMC, cell-mediated cytolysis or cytotoxicity.<br />CMC, chloramphenicol.<br />CMC, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.<br />CMC, critical micellar concentration.<br />CMCC, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis.<br />CMCJ, carpometacarpal joint.<br />CMCt, care management continuity across settings.<br />CMD, campomelic dysplasia.<br />CMD, camptomelic dwarfism.<br />CMD, cartilage matrix deficiency.<br />CMD, chief medical director.<br />CMD, childhood muscular dystrophy.<br />CMD, chronic myeloproliferative disease.<br />CMD, comparative mean dose.<br />CMD, congenital muscular dystrophy.<br />CMD, count median diameter.<br />cmDNA, cytoplasmic membrane-associated deoxyribonucleic acid.<br />CME, continuing medical education (<a href="http://www.ama-assn.org/cgi-bin/cme-redir">American Medical Association On-Line CME Locator</a>).<br />CMET, central mucoepidermoid tumor of the jaws.<br />CMF, cytoxan, methotrexate and 5-fluorouracil.<br />CMH, Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test.<br />CMHC, community mental health centers.<br />CML, chronic myelogenous leukemia.<br />CMML, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.<br />CMO, centric relation occlusion.<br />CMO, Chief Medical Officer (UK).<br />CMP, cardiomyopathy.<br />CMQ, <a href="http://www.cmq.org/">Collège des médecins du Québec</a>.<br />CMR, clinical materials requisition.<br />CMS, circulation, motion, sensation.<br />CMT, <a href="http://www.cmtint.org/">Charcot-Marie-Tooth (International)</a>.<br />CMV, cisplatin-methotrexate-vinblastine.<br />CMV, control medical ventilation.<br />CMV, cytomegalovirus.<br />CMVIG, cytomegalo virus immune globulin.<br />CN (2-12), cranial nerves (2 to 12).<br />CN, cranial nerve.<br />CNB, cannabinoids.<br />CNL, chronic neutrophilic leukemia.<br />CNL, constant neutral loss (scanning).<br />CNPA, chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis.<br />CNR, contrast-to-noise ratio.<br />CNS, central nervous system.<br />CNTF, ciliary neurotrophic factor.<br />cNTS, caudal region of nucleus tractus solitarius.<br />CNU-TNM, Comite Nacional Uruguayo TNM.<br />CNV, cranial nerve number 5.<br />CNX, cranial nerve number 10.<br />CO, carbon monoxide.<br />CO, cardiac output.<br />CO, check out.<br />CO, childhood-onset.<br />Co, cobalt.<br />COA, <a href="http://www.coassn.org/">California Orthopaedic Association</a>.<br />COA, Canadian Orthopaedic Association <a href="http://www.cma.ca/inside/affiliates/coa.htm">(Canadian Medical Association Affiliates)</a>.<br />COA, condition on admission.<br />COAD, chronic obstructive airways disease.<br />COD, cause of death.<br />COD, condition on discharge.<br />CO-GHD, childhood-onset growth hormone deficiency.<br />COGME, Council on Graduate Medical Education.<br />COLD, chronic obstructive lung disease.<br />COMP, compound.<br />COMSS, <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/comss/comsshom.htm">Council of Musculoskeletal Specialty Societies</a> (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/specsoc.htm">AAOS Specialty Societies</a>).<br />COMT, catechol-O-methyltransferase.<br />Con A, concavalin A.<br />Cong. fail., congestive failure.<br />CONs, normal controls.<br />Cons., consultant.<br />COOMR, <a href="http://home.sarcoma.org/sarcoma/">Center for Orthopaedic Oncology and Musculoskeletal Research</a>.<br />COPA, <a href="http://www.oandp.com/organiza/copa/index.htm">Certified Orthotic and Prosthetic Advocates</a>.<br />COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.<br />COPE, chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema.<br />COR, <a href="http://ortho.cor.ssh.edu/">Center for Orthopaedic Research</a>.<br />CORF, <a href="http://www.corf.org/">Carolina Orthopaedic Research Foundation</a>.<br />CORR, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research (Journal).<br />COS, <a href="http://www.cos.ca/">Canadian Oncology Society</a>.<br />COS, Clinical Orthopaedic Society <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/relorg.htm">(AAOS Related Organizations)</a>.<br />COS, <a href="http://www.woa-assn.org/newpage5.htm">Colorado Orthopaedic Society</a>.<br />COSTA test, compost stabilization test.<br />COVD, <a href="http://www.covd.org/">College of Optometrists in Vision Development</a>.<br />COX, cytochrome c oxidase.<br />COX-II, cyclooxygenase-II.<br />CP, capsid protein.<br />CP, cerebral palsy.<br />CP, chest pain.<br />CP, coat protein.<br />CP2D-A, citrate-phosphate-double-dextrose adenine.<br />CPAP, continuous positive airway pressure.<br />CPB, cardiopulmonary bypass.<br />CPB, competitive protein binding.<br />CPC, clinicopathological correlation.<br />CPD, cephalopelvic disproportion.<br />CPD, citrate-phosphate-dextrose.<br />CPE, chronic pulmonary emphysema.<br />CPE, complete physical examination.<br />CPE, cytopathic effect.<br />CPHL, Central Public Health Laboratory.<br />CPK, creatine phosphokinase.<br />CPM, clinical project manager.<br />CPM, continuous passive motion machine <a href="http://www.arthroscopy.com/sp05000.htm">(center for orthopaedics and sports medicine)</a>.<br />CPM, cyclophosphamide.<br />CPMA, <a href="http://www.podiatrists.org/">California Podiatric Medical Association</a>.<br />CPMS, chronic progressive multiple sclerosis.<br />CPPD, calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate.<br />CPR, cardiopulmonary resuscitation.<br />CPR, checks with previous results.<br />CPR, Contraceptive Prevalence Rate.<br />CPR, C-reactive protein.<br />CPT, <a href="http://www.medmedia.com/o15/3000.htm">Current Procedural Terminology</a>.<br />CPV-2, parvovirus-2.<br />CPX, complete physical examination.<br />CPZ, cefoperazone.<br />CPZ, Chlorpromazine (Thorazine).<br />CR (1,2, and 3), leukocyte complement receptors.<br />CR&C, closed reduction and cast.<br />CR, chest radiogram.<br />CR, clinical records.<br />CR, closed reduction.<br />CR, complete remission/complete response.<br />CR, conditioned reflex.<br />CR, crown-rump.<br />CRA, Clinical Research Associate.<br />CRC, Cancer Research Campaign (UK).<br />CRC, colorectal carcinoma.<br />CREST, calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasis.<br />CRF, case report form.<br />CRF, case report forms.<br />CRF, chronic renal failure.<br />CRF, corticotropin-releasing factor or hormone.<br />CRIS, controlled-release infusion system.<br />CRIT, critical hematocrit.<br />CRLs, cervical root lesions.<br />CRNA, certified registered nurse anesthetist.<br />CRO, cathode ray oscilloscope.<br />CRO, clinical research organizations.<br />CRO, Contract Research Organization.<br />CROM, cervical range of motion.<br />CROM, cervical range of motion.<br />CROME, congenital cataracts-epileptic fits-mental retardation (syndrome).<br />CROS, contralateral routing of signals (hearing aid).<br />CRP, chronic relapsing pancreatitis.<br />CRP, corneal-retinal potential.<br />CRP, coronary rehabilitation program.<br />CRP, C-reactive protein.<br />CrP, creatine phosphate.<br />CRP, cross-reacting protein.<br />CRP, cyclic AMP receptor protein.<br />CRPA, C-reactive protein antiserum.<br />CRPD, chronic restrictive pulmonary disease.<br />CRPF, chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum.<br />CRPF, closed reduction and percutaneous fixation.<br />CRPF, contralateral renal plasma flow.<br />CRPS, complex regional pain syndrome (type I and II).<br />CRRN, certified rehabilitation registered nurse.<br />CrRT, cranial radiotherapy.<br />CRS, Carroll rating scale for depression.<br />CRS, catheter-related sepsis.<br />CRS, caudal regression syndrome.<br />CRS, cervical spine radiography.<br />CRS, Chinese restaurant syndrome.<br />CRS, colon and rectum surgery.<br />CRS, compliance of the respiratory system.<br />CRS, congenital rubella syndrome.<br />CRS, craniosynostosis.<br />CRS, cryptidin-related sequence.<br />CRSM, cherry red spot myoclonus.<br />CRSP, comprehensive renal scintillation procedure.<br />CRST, calcinosis, Raynaud phenomenon, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia (syndrome).<br />CRT, cadaveric renal transplant.<br />CRT, capillary refill time.<br />CRT, cardiac resuscitation team.<br />CRT, cathode-ray tube.<br />CRT, Certified Record Techniques.<br />CRT, certified.<br />CRT, choice reaction time.<br />CRT, chromium release test.<br />CRT, complex reaction time.<br />CRT, computerized renal tomography.<br />CRT, copper reduction test.<br />CRT, corrected retention time.<br />CRT, corrected.<br />CRT, cortisone resistant thymocyte.<br />CRT, cranial radiation therapy.<br />crt, hematocrit.<br />CRTM, cartilage matrix protein.<br />CRTP, Consciousness Research and Training Project.<br />CRTT, Certified Respiratory Therapy Technician.<br />CRU, cardiac rehabilitation unit.<br />CRU, clinical research unit.<br />CRV, central retinal vein.<br />CRVF, congestive right ventricular failure.<br />CRVO, central retinal vein occlusion.<br />CRYG, gamma crystallin gene.<br />CRYM, crystallin, MU.<br />cryo, cryogenic.<br />cryo, cryoglobulin.<br />cryo, cryoprecipitate.<br />cryo, cryosurgery.<br />cryo, cryotherapy.<br />Cryoppt, cryoprecipitate.<br />crys, cryst crystal, crystaline.<br />CS, calf serum.<br />CS, campomelic syndrome.<br />CS, carcinoid syndrome.<br />CS, cardiogenic shock.<br />CS, caries-susceptible.<br />CS, carotid sheath.<br />CS, carotid sinus.<br />Cs, case.<br />CS, cat scratch.<br />CS, celiac sprue.<br />Cs, cell surface.<br />cS, centistoke.<br />CS, central service.<br />CS, central supply.<br />CS, cerebral scintigraphy.<br />CS, cerebrospinal.<br />CS, cervical spine.<br />CS, cervical stimulation.<br />CS, cesarean section.<br />Cs, cesium.<br />CS, chest strap.<br />CS, chief of staff.<br />CS, cholesterol stone.<br />CS, chondroitin sulfate.<br />CS, chorionic somatomammotropin.<br />cs, chromosome.<br />CS, chronic schizophrenia.<br />CS, cigarette smoker.<br />CS, citrate synthase.<br />CS, climacteric syndrome.<br />CS, clinic scheduling.<br />CS, clinical laboratory scientist.<br />CS, clinical stage.<br />CS, clinical status.<br />CS, Cockayne syndrome.<br />CS, complete stroke.<br />CS, compression syndrome.<br />CS, concentrated strength.<br />CS, conditioned stimulus.<br />CS, congenital syphilis.<br />CS, conjunctival secretion.<br />CS, conscious sedation.<br />CS, conscious, consciousness.<br />cs, consciousness.<br />CS, conservative surgery.<br />CS, constant spring.<br />CS, contact sensitivity.<br />CS, continue same.<br />CS, contrast sensitivity (test).<br />CS, control serum.<br />CS, convalescence, convalescent.<br />CS, coronary sclerosis.<br />CS, coronary sinus.<br />CS, corpus striatum.<br />CS, corticoid-sensitive.<br />CS, corticosteroid.<br />CS, crush syndrome.<br />CS, c-section, cesarean section.<br />CS, current smoker.<br />CS, current strength.<br />CS, Cushing syndrome.<br />CS, cycloserine.<br />CS, cyclosporine.<br />Cs, cyclosporine.<br />CS, IV clinical stage 4.<br />CSA, Canadian Standards Association.<br />CSA, canavaninosuccinic acid.<br />CSA, carbonyl salicylamide.<br />CSA, cell surface antigen.<br />CSA, chemical shift anisotropy.<br />CSA, chondroitin sulfate A.<br />CSA, chorionic somatomammotropin A.<br />CSA, colony-stimulating activity.<br />CSA, compressed spectral assay.<br />CSA, computerized spectral analysis.<br />CSA, Controlled Substances Act.<br />CSA, cross section area.<br />CSA, cyclosporine A.<br />CsA, cyclosporine A.<br />CSAA, Child Study Association of America.<br />CSAD, corporate services administration department.<br />CSAT, center for substance abuse treatment.<br />CSAVP, cerebral subarachnoid venous pressure.<br />CSB, <a href="http://www.health.uottawa.ca/biomech/csb/">Canadian Society for Biomechanics (Société Canadienne de Biomécanique)</a>.<br />csb, chromosome break.<br />CSB, congenital short bowel.<br />CSB, contaminated small bowel.<br />CSB, craniosynostosis, Boston type.<br />CSBF, coronary sinus blood flow.<br />CSBS, contaminated small bowel syndrome.<br />CSC, blow on blow (administration of small amounts of drugs at short intervals) (Fr.coup sur coup).<br />CSC, collagen sponge contraceptive.<br />CSC, corticostriatocerebellar.<br />CSC, cryogenic storage container.<br />CSCC, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.<br />CSCD, Center for Sickle Cell Disease.<br />CSCI, corticosterone side-chain isomerase.<br />CSCR, Central Society for Clinical Research.<br />CSCV, critical serum chemistry value.<br />CSD, carotid sinus denervation.<br />CSD, cat scratch disease.<br />CSD, combined system disease.<br />CSD, conditionally streptomycin dependent.<br />CSD, conduction system disease.<br />CSD, cortical spreading depression.<br />CSD, craniospinal defect.<br />CSD, critical stimulus duration.<br />CSDB, cat scratch disease bacillus.<br />CSDMS, Canadian Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers.<br />CSE, clinical-symptom self-evaluation (questionnaire).<br />CSE, cone-shaped epiphysis.<br />CSE, conventional spin-echo.<br />CSE, cross-sectional echocardiography.<br />C-section, cesarean section.<br />CSEP, cortical somatosensory evoked potential.<br />CSER, cortical somatosensory evoked response.<br />CSF, cancer family syndrome.<br />CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.<br />CSF, classical swine fever.<br />CSF, cold stability factor.<br />CSF, colony-stimulating factor.<br />CS-F, colony-stimulating factor.<br />CSF, coronary sinus flow.<br />CSFH, cerebrospinal fluid hypotension.<br />CSFP, cerebrospinal fluid pressure.<br />CSFR, colony-stimulating factor receptor.<br />CSFV, cerebrospinal fluid volume.<br />CSF-WR, cerebrospinal fluid-Wassermann reaction.<br />CSG, cholecystography, cholecystogram.<br />csg, chromosome gap.<br />CSGBI, Cardiac Society of Great Britain and Ireland.<br />CSGBM, collagenase soluble glomerular basement membrane.<br />CSH, carotid sinus hypersensitivity.<br />CSH, chronic subdural hematoma.<br />CSH, combat support (army) hospital.<br />CSH, cortical stromal hyperplasia.<br />CSHA, Canadian Study of Health and Aging.<br />CSHE, California Society for Hospital Engineering.<br />CSHRH, congenital self-healing reticulohistiocytosis.<br />CSII, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion.<br />CSK, chronic superficial keratitis.<br />CSM, clinical supply management.<br />CSMSD, Czech Society for Metabolic Skeletal Diseases <a href="http://www.effo.org/members/csmsd.html">(EFFO Member Society)</a>.<br />CSOS, Chinese Speaking Orthopaedic Society.<br />CSOT, <a href="http://web.idirect.com/~csotcina/">Canadian Society of Orthopaedic Technologists</a>.<br />CSP, cervical spine.<br />CSP, cyclosporine.<br />C-spine, cervical spine.<br />CSR, central supply room.<br />CSRS, <a href="http://www.csrs.org/">Cervical Spine Research Society</a> (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/specsoc.htm">AAOS Specialty Societies</a>).<br />CSRT, corrected sinus recovery time.<br />CSS, Churg-Strauss syndrome.<br />Cst, corticosterone.<br />CSV, Cordis Standard Valves.<br />CSW, Certified Social Worker.<br />CT, carpal tunnel.<br />CT, cerebral thrombosis.<br />CT, cervical traction.<br />CT, cervical-thoracic.<br />CT, chemotherapy.<br />CT, clinical trial.<br />CT, computerized tomography.<br />CT, cor triatriatum.<br />CT, cytotrophoblast.<br />ct., count.<br />CTA, clear to auscultation (about lungs).<br />CTAB, clear to auscultation bilaterally (about lungs).<br />CTACK, cutaneous T-cell attracting chemokine.<br />CTB, cholera toxin subunit B.<br />CTB, confined to bed<br />CTC, common toxicity criteria.<br />CTD, connective tissue disease.<br />CTE, coefficient of thermal expansion.<br />CTEV, congenital talipes equinovarus.<br />CTF, central tegmental field.<br />CTL, cervical, thoracic, lumbar.<br />CTL, cytotoxic T lymphocytes.<br />CTLA, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CD152).<br />CTNB, CT-guided needle biopsy.<br />CTO, clinical trials office.<br />CTR, carpal tunnel release.<br />CTR, coated tube radioimmunoassay.<br />CTS, carpal tunnel syndrome (carpal tunnel release: <a href="http://www.mtdesk.com/orth.shtml">sample operative report</a>).<br />CTSP, called to see patient.<br />CTX, clinical trials exemption.<br />CU, cause unknown.<br />CU, clinical unit.<br />cu, cubic.<br />CUA, cytosine-uracil-adenine codon for leucine.<br />CUC, cytosine-uracil-cytosine codon for leucine.<br />CUD, cause undetermined.<br />CUG, cytosine-uracil-guanine codon for leucine.<br />CUU, cytosine-uracil-uracil codon for leucine.<br />CV, cardiac volume.<br />CV, cardiovascular.<br />CV, cervical vertebra.<br />CV, color vision.<br />CV, cresyl violet (dye used in Gram staining).<br />CVA, cerebrovascular accident (stroke).<br />CVA, costovertebral angle.<br />CVC, central venous catheters.<br />CVD, cardiovascular disease.<br />CVD, cerebrovascular disease<br />CVG, contrast ventriculography.<br />CVI, cerebrovascular insufficiency.<br />CVMP, Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Product.<br />CVP, central venous pressure; normal range: 0 to 9 cm of water.<br />CVP, cytoxan, vincristine, prednisone<br />CVS, cardiovascular status.<br />CVS, cardiovascular system.<br />CVS, chorionic villous sampling.<br />CVVH, continuous veno-venous haemofiltration.<br />CVVHD, continuous veno-venous hemodialysis.<br />CW, chest wall.<br />CW, crutch walking.<br />CWHTO, closing wedge high tibial osteotomy.<br />CWI, crutch walking instructions.<br />CWP, cell wall protein.<br />CWP, childbirth without pain.<br />CWP, coal workers’ pneumoconiosis.<br />CX, cervix.<br />CX, chest x-ray.<br />CX, consciousness<br />Cx, cultures.<br />CXR, chest X-ray.<br />Cys, cysteine.<br />cysto, cystoscopic exam.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-48313248146889256242010-01-04T06:55:00.000-08:002010-01-04T06:58:59.063-08:00Medical Abbreviations with A - Useful for Transcription and CodingA<br />(1291 abbreviations)<br />3AB, 3-aminobenzamide.<br />A&B, apnea and bradycardia.<br />A&BC, air and bone conduction.<br />A&I, allergy and immunology.<br />A&P, anterior and posterior.<br />A&P, auscultation and palpation.<br />A&P, auscultation and percussion.<br />A&W, alive and well.<br />A, adenine.<br />A, alanine.<br />A, arteriole.<br />a, autopsy.<br />A/B acid-base ratio.<br />A/G, albumin/globulin ratio.<br />A/O, alert and orientated.<br />A/V, ampere/volt.<br />A/V, arteriovenous.<br />A>B, air greater than bone (conduction).<br />a1AT, alpha-1-antitrypsin.<br />A1, aortic first sound.<br />A2, aortic second sound.<br />A2U, alpha 2u-globulin.<br />A-a 02, alveolo-arterial oxygen tension.<br />aa seq, amino acid sequence.<br />aa, (Greek: Ana) of each.<br />AA, arachidonic acid.<br />aa, arteries.<br />AA, reactive (secondary) amyloidosis.<br />AAA, abdominal aortic aneurysm.<br />AAA, adenine-adenine-adenine codon for lysine.<br />AAA, diagnostic arthroscopy, operative arthroscopy, and possible operative arthrotomy.<br />AAAASF, <a href="http://www.aaaasf.org/">American Association for Accreditation of Ambulatory Surgery Facilities</a>.<br />AAAP, activity of antiactivator in plasma.<br />AABB, American Association of Blood Banks.<br />AAC, adenine-adenine-cytosine codon for asparagine.<br />AACPDM, <a href="http://149.142.183.10/">American Academy for Cerebral Palsy and Developmental Medicine</a> (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/specsoc.htm">AAOS Specialty Societies</a>).<br />AACR, <a href="http://www.aacr.org/">American Association for Cancer Research</a>.<br />Aad, aminoadipic acid.<br />AAETS, <a href="http://www.aaets.org/">American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress</a>.<br />AAF, 2-acetylaminofluorene.<br />AAF, anterior auditory field.<br />AAF, astrocytoma with atypical/anaplastic foci.<br />AAF/OL, anaplastic astrocytomas /oligodendrogliomas.<br />AAFP, <a href="http://www.aafp.org/">American Academy of Family Physicians</a>.<br />AAG, adenine-adenine-guanine codon for lysine.<br />AAHKS, <a href="http://www.aahks.org/">American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons</a> (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/specsoc.htm">AAOS Specialty Societies</a>).<br />AAHS, <a href="http://www.handsurgery.org/">American Association for Hand Surgery</a> (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/relorg.htm">AAOS Related Organizations</a>).<br />AAL, anterior axillary line.<br />AAMC, <a href="http://www.aamc.org/start.htm">Association of American Medical Colleges</a>.<br />AAMI, Advancement of Medical Instrumentation.<br />AAMT, American Association for Medical Transcriptionists.<br />AAN, <a href="http://www.aan.com/">American Academy of Neurology</a>.<br />AANA, <a href="http://www.aana.org/">Arthroscopy Association of North America</a> (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/relorg.htm">AAOS Related Organizations</a>).<br />AANOS, <a href="http://www.aanos.org/">The American Academy of Neurological and Orthopaedic Surgeons</a>.<br />AANS, <a href="http://www.aans.org/">American Association of Neurological Surgeons</a>.<br />AAO, American Academy of Ophthalmology.<br />AAo, ascending aorta.<br />AAOC, antacid of choice.<br />AAofA, Ambulance Association of America.<br />AAOFAS, <a href="http://www.footdocs.org/">American Association of Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Surgeons</a>.<br />AAOHN, American Association of Occupational Health Nurses.<br />AAOM, American Academy of Oral Medicine.<br />AAOO, American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology.<br />AAOP, American Academy of Oral Pathology.<br />AAOP, <a href="http://www.oandp.com/organiza/aaop/index.htm">American Academy of Orthotists and Prosthetists</a>.<br />AAOPP, American Association of Osteopathic Postgraduate Physicians.<br />AAOS, <a href="http://www.aaos.org/">American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgery</a>.<br />AAOT, <a href="http://www.aaot.com.ar/">Asociacion Argentina de Ortopedia y Traumatologia (Argentinian Orthopaedic Association)</a>.<br />AAOx3, awake, alert and oriented x 3 (to person, place and time).<br />AAP, air at atmospheric pressure.<br />AAP, <a href="http://www.aap.org/">American Academy of Pediatrics</a>.<br />AAP, American Academy of Pedodontics.<br />AAP, American Academy of Periodontology.<br />AAP, American Academy of Psychoanalysis.<br />AAP, American Academy of Psychotherapists.<br />AAP, American Association of Pathologists.<br />AAP, aminoantipyrine.<br />AAP, Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis.<br />AAP, Association for the Advancement of Psychotherapy.<br />AAP, Association of Academic Physiatrists.<br />AAP, Association of American Physicians.<br />AaP02, (A-a) P02, alveolo-arterial oxygen tension difference.<br />AAPA, American Academy of Physician Assistants.<br />AAPA, American Association of Pathologist Assistants.<br />AAPB, American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists.<br />AAPC, antibiotic-associated pseudomembranous colitis.<br />AAPCC, adjusted annual per capita cost.<br />AAPCC, adjusted average per capita cost.<br />AAPCC, American Association of Poison Control Centers.<br />AaPco2, (A-a)Pc02 alveolo-arterial carbon dioxide tension difference.<br />AAPF, anti-arteriosclerosis polysaccharide factor.<br />AAPH, 2,2'-azobis-(amidinopropane) dihydrochloride.<br />AAPHD, American Association of Public Health Dentists.<br />AAPHP, American Association of Public Health Physicians.<br />AAPL, American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law.<br />AAPM&R, Am~rican Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.<br />AAPM, American Association of Physicists in Medicine.<br />AAPMC, antibiotic-associated pseudo-membranous colitis.<br />AAPMR, <a href="http://www.aapmr.org/">American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation</a>.<br />AAPOS, American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus.<br />AAPP, American Academy on Physician and Patient.<br />AAPPO, American Association of Preferred Provider Organizations.<br />AAPS, American Association of Plastic Surgeons.<br />AAPS, Arizona Articulation Proficiency Scale.<br />AAPS, Association of American Physicians and Surgeons.<br />AAPSM, <a href="http://www.clark.net/pub/aapsm/aapsm.html">American Academy of Podiatric Sports Medicine</a>.<br />AAR, active avoidance reaction.<br />AAR, acute articular rheumatism.<br />aar, against all risks.<br />AAR, antigen-antiglobulin reaction.<br />AARDA, <a href="http://www.aarda.org/index.html">American Autoimune Related Diseases Association.</a><br />AARE, automobile accident, rear end.<br />AAROM, active assertive range of motion.<br />AAROM, active assisted range of motion.<br />AARP, American Association of Retired Persons.<br />AART, American Association for Rehabilitation Therapy.<br />AART, American Association for Respiratory Therapy.<br />AAS, Aarskog-Scott (syndrome).<br />AAS, acid aspiration syndrome.<br />AAS, alcoholic abstinence syndrome.<br />AAS, American Academy of Sanitarians.<br />AAS, American Analgesia Society.<br />AAS, aneurysm of atrial septum.<br />AAS, anthrax anti serum.<br />AAS, aortic arch syndrome.<br />AAS, atomic absorption spectrophotometry.<br />AASD, American Academy of Stress Disorders.<br />AASH, adrenal androgen stimulating hormone.<br />AASH, American Association for the Study of Headache.<br />AASK, African American Study of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension Pilot Study.<br />AASP, acute atrophic spinal paralysis.<br />AASP, American Association of Senior Physicians.<br />AASP, ascending aorta synchronized pulsation.<br />AASS, American Association for Social Security.<br />AAST, <a href="http://www.aast.org/">American Association for the Surgery of Trauma</a>.<br />AAT, Aachen Aphasia Test.<br />AAT, academic aptitude test.<br />AAT, alanine aminotransferase.<br />AAT, alkylating agent therapy.<br />AAT, alpha- 1-antitrypsin.<br />AAT, atrial triggered (pacemaker).<br />AAT, auditory apperception test.<br />AAT, automatic atrial tachycardia.<br />AAT, a 1-antitripsin.<br />AATS, American Association for Thoracic Surgery.<br />AAU, acute anterior uveitis.<br />AAU, adenine-adenine-uracil codon for asparagine.<br />AAV, adeno-associated virus.<br />AAVMC, Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges.<br />AAVP, American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists.<br />AAVPT, American Academy of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics.<br />AAW, anterior aortic wall.<br />AAWD, <a href="http://www.womendentists.org/cf-dbm/index.cfm">American Association of Women Dentists</a>.<br />AAWM, <a href="http://members.aol.com/woundnet/index.html">American Academy of Wound Management</a>.<br />AB, Ab, abortion.<br />AB, abdominal.<br />AB, abnormal.<br />ab, abortion.<br />AB, Ace bandage.<br />AB, active bilaterally.<br />AB, aid to the blind.<br />AB, alcian blue.<br />AB, alertness behavior.<br />AB, antibiotic.<br />Ab, antibiotic.<br />ab, antibody.<br />Ab, antibody.<br />AB, antibody.<br />AB, antigen binding.<br />AB, apex beat.<br />AB, asbestos body.<br />AB, asthmatic bronchitis.<br />AB, axiobuccal.<br />aB, azure B.<br />AB, Bachelor of Arts (Lat.Artium Baccalaureus).<br />AB, blood group AB.<br />ABA, abscissic acid.<br />ABA, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.<br />ABA, American Board of Anesthesiologists.<br />ABA, antibacterial activity.<br />ABA, arrest before arrival.<br />ABA, <a href="http://www.belgianorthoweb.be/aba">Arthroscopie Belge - Belgian Arthroscopy Association</a>.<br />ABAT, American Board of Applied Toxicology.<br />Abb, abbreviations.<br />ABB, Albright-Butler-Bloomberg syndrome.<br />ABB, American Board of Bioanalysis.<br />ABB, Asea Brown Boveri.<br />ABBQ, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Beliefs and Behavior Questionnaire.<br />abbr, abbreviation, abbreviated.<br />ABC, absolute basophil count.<br />ABC, absolute bone conduction.<br />ABC, acalculous biliary colic.<br />ABC, acid balance control.<br />ABC, aconite-belladonna-chloroform.<br />ABC, advanced breast cancer.<br />ABC, airway, breathing, and circulation.<br />ABC, alignment, blue, calcium (synovial fluid pearls in gout and pseudogout).<br />ABC, alternative birth center.<br />ABC, alum, blood, and charcoal (purification and deodorizing method).<br />ABC, alum, blood, and clay (sludge deodorizing method).<br />ABC, American Blood Commission.<br />ABC, aneurysmal bone cyst.<br />ABC, antigen-binding capacity.<br />ABC, apnea, bradycardia, cyanosis.<br />ABC, aspiration biopsy cytology.<br />ABC, aspiration needle biopsy.<br />ABC, assessment of basic competency.<br />ABC, atomic, biological, and chemical (warfare).<br />ABC, avidin-biotin complex.<br />ABC, axiobuccocervical.<br />ABCC, Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission.<br />ABCD, airway, breathing, circulation, differential diagnosis (or defibrillate) - in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.<br />ABCD, asymmetry, borders irregular, color variegated, diameter > 6 mm (assessment of melanoma).<br />ABCDE, airway, breathing, circulation, disability, exposure/environmental control - trauma protocol.<br />ABCDE, botulism toxin pentavalent.<br />ABCDEFGH, air ways, bones, cardiac shadow, diaphragm, effusions, fields (pulmonary), gastric, hardware (chest X-ray reading mnemonic).<br />ABCDES, abnormal alignment, bones-periarticular osteoporosis, cartilage joint space loss, deformities, marginal erosions, soft tissue swelling (x-ray features in rheumatoid arthritis).<br />ABCDES, adjust medication, bacterial prophylaxis, cervical spine disease, deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis, evaluate extent and activity of disease, stress-dose steroid coverage.<br />Abd, (abdere) abdomen.<br />Abd, abdominal.<br />Abd, abduction.<br />Abeta, beta-amyloid (component of Alzheimer's disease plaques).<br />ABF, alpha-L-arabinofuranosidases.<br />ABG, arterial blood gases.<br />ABG, autogenous bone graft.<br />ABI, ankle to brachial index.<br />ABJS, Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/specsoc.htm">(AAOS Specialty Societies)</a>.<br />ABMA, anti-basement membrane antibody disease (Goodpasture’s syndrome).<br />ABMS, <a href="http://www.abms.org/">American Board of Medical Specialties</a>.<br />ABMT, autologous bone marrow transplant.<br />ABN, abducens nucleus.<br />AbN, ablation nephropathy.<br />ABN, Abn, abnormal.<br />abn, abnormality of a chromosome (e.g.abn 12p).<br />ABN, active bulimia nervosa (BN).<br />ABN, acute bacterial nephritis.<br />ABN, acute brachial neuropathy/neuritis.<br />ABN, alkali-treated bound niacin.<br />ABN, anterior BNST lesions (BNST, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis).<br />AbN, antibody nitrogen.<br />AbN, antibody to the N terminus (of a protein or peptide).<br />ABN, arched-back nursing (about laboratory rats).<br />ABN, artificial background noise.<br />ABN, aseptic (avascular) bone/bone marrow necrosis.<br />ABN, <a href="http://www.theabn.org/">Association of British Neurologists</a>.<br />ABN, endo-1,5-alpha-L-arabinase.<br />ABN, The Brazilian Academy of Neurology.<br />Abn-cbd, abnormal cannabidiol.<br />ABO, blood grouping system.<br />ABOS, <a href="http://www.abos.org/">American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery</a>.<br />ABP, <a href="http://www.abpath.org/">American Board of Pathology</a>.<br />ABP, <a href="http://www.abp.org/">American Board of Pediatrics</a>.<br />ABP, androgen binding protein.<br />ABPA, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.<br />ABPB, abductor pollicis brevis (also APB).<br />ABPL, abductor pollicis longus (also APL).<br />ABR, auditory brainstem response audiometry.<br />ABS, <a href="http://www.americanbacksoc.org/">American Back Society</a>.<br />ABS, arterial blood pressure.<br />ABTA, <a href="http://www.abta.org/">American Brain Tumor Association</a>.<br />ABVD, adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (regimen used to treat Hodgkin’s disease).<br />ABW, actual body weight.<br />AC, acromioclavicular joint.<br />AC, air conduction.<br />AC, alternating current.<br />ac, ante cenam, before meal/s.<br />AC/SIUG, ambulatory care special-interest user group.<br />ACA, adenine-cytosine-adenine codon for threonine.<br />ACA, <a href="http://www.amerchiro.org/edu/index.html">American Chiropractic Association</a>.<br />ACA, <a href="http://www.amputee-coalition.org/">Amputee Coalition of America</a> (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/relorg.htm">AAOS Related Organizations</a>).<br />AcAAP, N-acetylaminoantipyrine.<br />ACC, adenine-cytosine-cytosine codon for serine.<br />ACC, adenine-cytosine-cytosine codon for threonine.<br />ACC, <a href="http://www.acc.org/">American College of Cardiology</a>.<br />ACC, anodal closure contraction.<br />ACCME, Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education.<br />Accom., accommodation.<br />ACCP, <a href="http://www.chestnet.org/">American College Of Chest Physicians</a>.<br />ACCx, anterior cingulate cortex.<br />ACD, absorbent cover dressing.<br />ACD, acid-citrate-dextrose.<br />ACD, allergic contact dermatitis.<br />ACD, anemia of chronic disease.<br />ACD, anterior cervical discectomy.<br />ACD, asymmetrical cortical degeneration syndromes.<br />ACD, Available Chemical Directory.<br />ACDF, adult children from dysfunctional family.<br />ACDF, anterior cervical discectomy and fusion.<br />ACDM, Association for Clinical Data Management<br />ACE, angiotensin converting enzyme.<br />ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.<br />ACF, anterior cervical fusion.<br />ACFAS, <a href="http://www.acfas.org/">American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons</a>.<br />ACG, adenine-cytosine-guanine codon for threonine.<br />ACG, angiocardiography<br />ACh, acetylcholine.<br />AChR, acetylcholine receptor.<br />ACI, acute coronary insufficiency.<br />ACILS, American Center for International Labor Solidarity.<br />ACIP, Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.<br />ACJ, acromioclavicular joint (also AC joint).<br />ACJT, acromioclavicular joint.<br />ACL, Achievement Check List.<br />ACL, acromegaloid features, cutis verticis gyrata, corneal leukoma (syndrome).<br />ACL, anterior clavicular line.<br />ACL, anterior cruciate ligament.<br />ACL, anterior cruciate ligament.<br />ACL, anticardiolipin (antibody).<br />ACl, aspiryl chloride.<br />ACLA, American Clinical Laboratory Association<br />ACLC, Assessment of Children’s Language Comprehension.<br />ACLD, Association for Children with Learning Disabilities.<br />ACLF, adult congregate living facility.<br />ACLI, American Council on Life Insurance.<br />aCLL, atypical chronic lymphocytic leukemia.<br />ACLM, <a href="http://www.aclm.org/">American College of Legal Medicine</a>.<br />ACLPS, <a href="http://depts.washington.edu/labweb/aclps/">Academy of Clinical Laboratory Physicians and Scientists</a>.<br />ACLR, anterior capsulolabral reconstruction.<br />ACLS, advanced cardiac life support.<br />AcLV, avian acute leukemia virus.<br />ACM, acetaminophen.<br />ACM, acute cerebrospinal meningitis.<br />ACM, Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate.<br />ACM, albumin-calcium-magnesium.<br />ACM, alveolar capillary membrane.<br />ACM, anticardiac myosin.<br />ACM, Arnold-Chiari malformation.<br />ACMA, American Occupational Medical Association.<br />ACMC, Association of Canadian Medical Colleges.<br />ACMD, associate chief medical director.<br />ACME, Advisory Council on Medical Education.<br />ACME, Automated Classification of Medical Entities.<br />ACMF, arachnoid cyst of the middle fossa.<br />ACMI, American College of Medical Informatics.<br />ACML, atypical chronic myeloid leukemia.<br />ACMP, alveolar-capillary membrane permeability.<br />ACMR, Advisory Committee on Medical Research.<br />ACMS, American Chinese Medical Society.<br />ACMSF, <a href="http://www.foodstandards.gov.uk/committees/acmsf/summary.htm">Advisory Committee on the Microbiological Safety of Food (UK)</a>.<br />ACMT, artificial circus movement tachycardia.<br />ACMV, assist-controlled mechanical ventilation.<br />ACN, acute conditioned neurosis ventilation.<br />ACN, Ambulatory Care Network ventilation.<br />ACN, American College of Neuropsychiatrists ventilation.<br />ACN, American College of Nutrition.<br />ACNM, American College of Nuclear Medicine Nutrition.<br />ACNM, American College of Nurse-Midwives.<br />ACNP, acute care nurse practitioner Midwives.<br />ACNP, American College of Nuclear Physicians.<br />ACO, acute coronary occlusion.<br />ACO, alert, cooperative, oriented.<br />ACO, anodal closure odor.<br />ACOA, adult children of alcoholics.<br />ACoA, anterior communicating artery.<br />ACOAs, collegiate adult children of alcoholics.<br />ACOEM, <a href="http://www.acoem.org/">American College of Occupational and Environmental Medicine</a>.<br />ACOEP, <a href="http://www.acoep.org/">American College of Osteopathic Emergency Physicians</a>.<br />ACOG, <a href="http://www.acog.org/">American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists</a>.<br />ACOHA, American College of Osteopathic Hospital Administrators.<br />ACO-HNS, American Council of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.<br />ACOI, <a href="http://www.acoi.org/">American College of Osteopathic Internists</a>.<br />ACOM, <a href="http://www.acoem.org/">American College of Occupational Medicine</a>.<br />ACOM, anterior communicating (artery).<br />AComA, anterior communicating artery.<br />ACOMS, <a href="http://www.acoms.org/">American College of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons</a>.<br />ACOOG, <a href="http://www.acoog.com/">American College of Osteopathic Obstetricians and Gynecologists</a>.<br />ACOP, American College of Osteopathic Pediatricians.<br />ACOP, approved code of practice.<br />ACORDE, A Corsortium on Restorative Dentistry Education.<br />ACOS, American College of Osteopathic Surgeons<br />ACOS, <a href="http://www.facos.org/">American College of Osteopathic Surgeons</a>.<br />ACOS, associate chief of staff.<br />ACOS/AC, associate chief of staff for ambulatory care.<br />Acous, acoustics, acoustic.<br />ACP, accessory conduction pathway.<br />ACP, acid phosphatase.<br />AcP, acid phosphatase.<br />ACP, acyl carrier protein.<br />ACP, American College of Pathologists.<br />ACP, American College of Pharmacists.<br />ACP, American College of Physicians.<br />ACP, American College of Prosthodontists.<br />ACP, American College of Psychiatrists.<br />ACPA, American Cleft Palate Association.<br />ACPC, aminocyclopentane carboxylic (acid).<br />ACPE, American College of Physician Executives.<br />AC-PH, ac phos acid phosphatase.<br />ACPM, American College of Preventive Medicine.<br />ACPOC, Association of Children's Prosthetic-Orthotic Clinics <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/specsoc.htm">(AAOS Specialty Societies)</a>.<br />ACPP, adrenocortical polypeptide.<br />ACPP, prostate-specific acid phosphatase.<br />ACPS, acrocephalopolysyndactyly.<br />ACR, abnormally contracting region.<br />ACR, absolute catabolic rate.<br />ACR, acriflavine.<br />Acr, acrylic.<br />ACR, adenomatosis of colon and rectum.<br />ACR, adjusted community rate.<br />ACR, ambulance call report.<br />ACR, <a href="http://www.acr.org/">American College of Radiology</a>.<br />ACR, <a href="http://www.rheumatology.org/">American College of Rheumatology</a>.<br />ACR, anticonstipation regimen.<br />ACR, axillary count rate.<br />ACRF, ambulatory care research facility.<br />ACRI, Africa Crisis Response Initiative.<br />ACRM, <a href="http://www.acrm.org/">American Congress on Rehabilitation Medicine</a>.<br />ACRPI, Association of Clinical Research for the Pharmaceutical Industry.<br />ACS , acute cervical strain; acute cervical sprain.<br />ACS, acrocallosal syndrome.<br />ACS, acrocephalosyndactyly.<br />ACS, acute chest syndrome.<br />ACS, acute confusional state.<br />ACS, Alcon Closure System.<br />ACS, <a href="http://www.cancer.org/">American Cancer Society</a>.<br />ACS, American Chemical Society.<br />ACS, <a href="http://www.facs.org/">American College of Surgeons</a>.<br />ACS, anodal closure sound.<br />ACS, antireticular cytotoxic serum.<br />ACS, aperture current setting.<br />ACS, Association of Clinical Scientists<br />ACSA, adenylate cyclase-stimulating activity.<br />ACSE, association control service element.<br />ACSF, artificial cerebrospinal fluid.<br />ACSM, <a href="http://www.acsm.org/">American College of Sports Medicine</a>.<br />ACSP, adenylate cyclase-stimulating protein.<br />ACSP, Australian College of Sports Physicians.<br />ACSV, aortocoronary saphenous vein.<br />ACSVBG, aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass graft.<br />AcT, acceleration time.<br />ACT, achievement through counseling and treatment.<br />ACT, actin.<br />ACT, actinomycin.<br />act, actinomycin.<br />ACT, activated clotting time.<br />ACT, active motion.<br />act, activity, active.<br />ACT, advanced coronary treatment.<br />ACT, anterocolic transposition.<br />ACT, antichymotrypsin.<br />ACT, anticoagulant therapy.<br />ACT, anxiety control training.<br />ACT, asthma care training.<br />ACT, atropine coma therapy.<br />ACTA, American Cardiology Technologists Association.<br />ACTA, automatic computerized transverse axial (scanning).<br />Act-C, actinomycin C.<br />Act-D, actinomycin D.<br />ACTe, anodal closure tetanus.<br />ACTG, AIDS Clinical Trial Group.<br />ACTH, adrenocorticotropic hormone, secreted by pituitary gland, which strongly stimulates the release of cortisol from adrenal cortex.<br />ACTH-LI, adrenocorticotropin-like immunoreactivity.<br />ACTHR, adrenocorticotropic hormone receptor.<br />ACTS, acute cervical trauma syndrome.<br />ACTZ, acetazolamide.<br />ACU, adenine-cytosine-uracil codon for threonine.<br />ACVB, aortocoronary venous bypass.<br />ACVD, acute cardiovascular disease.<br />ad lib, at liberty, as desired.<br />AD, Action for Democracy.<br />AD, admission and discharge.<br />AD, admitting diagnosis.<br />AD, adult disease.<br />AD, alternating days.<br />AD, Alzheimer’s disease.<br />AD, atopic dermatitis.<br />AD, auris dextra (right ear).<br />ADA, <a href="http://www.ada.org/">American Dental Association</a>.<br />ADA, <a href="http://www.diabetes.org/">American Diabetes Association</a>.<br />ADA, anterior descending artery.<br />ADADS, Alcohol and Drug Abuse Data System.<br />ADAS-Cog, Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale.<br />ADASP, <a href="http://www.panix.com/~adasp/">Association of Directors of Anatomic and Surgical Pathology</a>.<br />ADC, AIDS dementia complex.<br />ADCC, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.<br />ADD, addiction.<br />ADD, adduct; adduction.<br />ADD, attention deficit disorder.<br />ADD, average daily dose.<br />ADEA, Association for the Development of Education in Africa.<br />ADEM, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis/encephalopathy.<br />adeno-Ca, adenocarcinoma.<br />ADF, acid detergent fiber.<br />ADG, average daily gain.<br />ADH, antidiuretic hormone, called also vasopressin.<br />ADHD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.<br />ADI, acceptable daily intake.<br />ADJ, adjacent.<br />ADJ, adjoining.<br />ADJ, adjunct.<br />ADJ, adjust.<br />ADJ, adjuvant chemotherapy.<br />ADL, activities of daily living.<br />ADM, admission.<br />ADM, adult onset diabetes mellitus.<br />ADP, abductor pollicis.<br />ADP, adenosine diphosphate.<br />ADP, Agricultural Development Program.<br />ADR, adverse drug reaction.<br />Adria, Adriamycin, trade name for doxorubicin.<br />ADS, anterior dynamized system (produced by: <a href="http://www.abbott.com/products/byname.htm">Abbott Labs</a>).<br />ADT, admission-discharge-transfer.<br />ADV, advised.<br />ADV, arterial deep venous.<br />ADV, Aujeszky's Disease Virus.<br />AE, above the elbow.<br />AE, active and equal.<br />AE, adverse event.<br />AEA, <a href="http://www.servitel.es/aeartroscopia/">Asociación Española de Artroscopia (Spanish Arthroscopy Association - only Spanish)</a>.<br />AEA, auricular electroacupuncture.<br />AEB, as evidenced by.<br />AEC, 5-amino 9 ethyl carbazol.<br />AED, automated external defibrillator.<br />AEEC, attaching and effacing Escherichia coli.<br />AEI, acetyleethyleneimine.<br />AER, auditory evoked response.<br />AER, average evoked response.<br />AERC, African Economic Research Consortium.<br />AET, 2-aminoethylisothiouronium bromide hydrobromide.<br />AF, adult female.<br />AF, amniotic fluid.<br />AF, aortic flow.<br />AF, atrial fibrillation.<br />AF, atrial flutter.<br />AFB, acid fast bacillus.<br />AFB1, aflatoxin B1.<br />aFGF, acidic fibroblast growth factor.<br />Afib, atrial fibrillation.<br />AFIP, <a href="http://www.afip.org/">Armed Forces Institute of Pathology</a>.<br />AFL, artificial limb.<br />AFL, atrial flutter.<br />AFLP, acute fatty liver of pregnancy.<br />AFM, atomic force microscope.<br />AFNOR, French Standardisation Institut.<br />AFO, ankle-foot orthoses.<br />AFP, acute flaccid paralysis.<br />AFP, alpha-fetoprotein (expressed by germ cell tumors and other cancers).<br />AFSI , Africa Food Security Initiative .<br />AFTR, atrophy, fasciculation, tremor, rigidity.<br />AFX, atypical fibroxanthoma.<br />AG, anion gap.<br />AGA, adenine-guanine-adenine codon for arginine.<br />AGA, appropriate-for-gestational age.<br />AGF, angle of greatest flexion.<br />AGG , aggravation.<br />AGG, adenine-guanine-guanine codon for arginine.<br />AGI, <a href="http://www.healthy.net/agi/">Academy for Guided Imagery</a>.<br />AGL, acute granulocytic leukemia.<br />AGN, acute glomerulonephritis.<br />AGTT, abnormal glucose tolerance test.<br />AGU, adenine-guanine-uracil codon for serine.<br />AGUS, atypical glands of unknown significance.<br />AH, abdominal hysterectomy.<br />AH, arterial hypertension.<br />AHA, <a href="http://www.americanheart.org/">American Heart Association</a>.<br />AHB, alpha-hydroxybutyric acid.<br />AHC, academic health care.<br />AHC, academic health center.<br />AHC, acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis.<br />AHC, acute hemorrhagic cystitis.<br />AHC, amygdalohippocampal complexes.<br />AHC, antihemophilic factor C.<br />AHCA, Agency for Health Care Administration.<br />AHCA, American Health Care Association.<br />AHCD, acquired hepatocellular degeneration.<br />AHCPR, <a href="http://www.ahcpr.gov/">Agency for Health Care Policy and Research</a>.<br />AHCy, adenosyl homocysteine.<br />AHD, acquired hepatocerebral degeneration.<br />AHD, acute heart disease.<br />AHD, antihyaluronidase.<br />AHD, antihypertensive drug.<br />AHD, arterio-hepatic dysplasia.<br />AHD, atherosclerotic heart disease.<br />AHD, autoimmune hemolytic disease.<br />AHDMS, automated hospital data management system.<br />AHDP, azacycloheptane diphosphonate.<br />AHDS, Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome.<br />AHE, acute hazardous events (database).<br />AHE, acute hemorrhagic encephalomyelitis.<br />AHEA, area health education activity.<br />AHEC, area health education center.<br />AHES, artificial heart energy system.<br />AHF, acute heart failure.<br />AHF, American Health Foundation.<br />AHF, American Hepatic Foundation.<br />AHF, American Hospital Formulary.<br />AHF, antihemophilic factor.<br />AHF, Argentinian hemorrhagic fever.<br />AHF, Associated Health Foundation.<br />AHFS, American Hospital Formulary Service.<br />AHG, aggregated human globulin.<br />AHG, antihemophilic globulin factor.<br />AHG, antihemophilic globulin.<br />AHG, antihuman globulin.<br />AHGG, aggregated human gammaglobulin.<br />AHGG, antihuman gammaglobulin.<br />AHGS, acute herpetic gingival stomatitis.<br />AHH, alpha-hydrazine analog of histidine.<br />AHH, anosmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (syndrome).<br />AHH, arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase.<br />AHH, Association for Holistic Health.<br />AHI, active hostility index.<br />AHI, Animal Health Institute.<br />AHI, apnea-plus-hypopnea index.<br />AHIMA, <a href="http://www.ahima.org/">American Health Information Management Association</a>.<br />AHIP, assisted health insurance plan.<br />AHIS, automated hospital information system.<br />AHJ, artificial hip joint.<br />AHL, acquired hypertrichosis lanuginosa.<br />AHL, acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis.<br />AHL, apparent half-life.<br />AHLE, acute hemorrhagic leukoencephalitis.<br />AHLG, antihuman lymphocyte globulin.<br />AHLS, antihuman lymphocyte serum.<br />AHM, Allied health manpower.<br />AHM, ambulatory Holter monitor.<br />AHMA, American Holistic Medicine Association.<br />AHMA, antiheart muscle autoantibody.<br />AHMC, Association of Hospital Management Committees.<br />AHN, Army Head Nurse.<br />AHN, assistant head nurse.<br />AHNMD, associated clonal hematopoietic non-mast cell lineage disorder.<br />AHO, Albright hereditary osteodystrophy.<br />AHP, accountable health plan or partnership.<br />AHP, acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis.<br />AHP, after hyperpolarization.<br />AHP, air at high pressure.<br />AHP, analytic hierarchy process.<br />AHP, approved health plan.<br />AHP, Assistant House Physician.<br />AHPA, American Health Planning Association.<br />AHPO, anterior hypothalamic preoptic (area).<br />AHR, antihyaluronidase reaction.<br />AHR, Association for Health Records.<br />AHR, atrial heart rate.<br />AHRA, American Hospital Radiology Administration.<br />AHRF, acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.<br />AHRF, American Hearing Research Foundation.<br />AHRQ, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.<br />AHS, Academy of Health Sciences.<br />AHS, African horse sickness.<br />AHS, alveolar hypoventilation syndrome.<br />AHS, American Hearing Society.<br />AHS, American Hospital Society.<br />AHS, area health service.<br />AHS, assistant house surgeon.<br />AHSA, American Health Security Act.<br />AHSDF, area health service development fund.<br />AHSG, alpha-2HS-glycoprotein.<br />AHSN, Assembly of Hospital Schools of Nursing.<br />AHSP, AIDS Health Services Program (of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation).<br />AHSR, Association for Health Services Research.<br />AHT, aggregation half time.<br />AHT, antihyaluronidase titer.<br />AHT, arterial hypertension.<br />AHT, augmented histamine test.<br />AHT, autogenous hamster tumor.<br />AHTG, antihuman thymocyte globulin.<br />AHTP, antihuman thymocyte plasma.<br />AHTS, antihuman thymus serum.<br />AHU, acute hemolytic uremic (syndrome).<br />AHU, arginine, hypoxanthine, and uracil.<br />AHuG, aggregated human IgG.<br />AHV, avian herpes virus.<br />AI, accidental injury.<br />AI, accidentally incurred.<br />aI, active ingredient.<br />AI, adiposity index.<br />AI, aggregation index.<br />AI, allergy and immunology.<br />AI, amylogenesis imperfecta.<br />AI, anaphylatoxin inactivator.<br />AI, angiogenesis inhibitor.<br />AI, angiotensin I.<br />AI, anxiety index.<br />AI, aortic incompetence.<br />AI, aortic insufficiency.<br />AI, apical impulse.<br />AI, articulation index.<br />AI, artificial insemination.<br />AI, artificial intelligence.<br />AI, atherogenic index.<br />AI, atrial insufficiency.<br />AI, autoimmune, autoimmunity.<br />AI, axio-incisal.<br />AI, first meiotic anaphase..<br />AI/COAG, artificial intelligence hemostasis consultant system.<br />AIA, allylisopropylacetamide.<br />AIA, amylase inhibitor activity.<br />AIA, anti-immunoglobulin antibody.<br />AIA, anti-insulin antibody.<br />AIA, aspirin-induced asthma.<br />AIA, automated image analysis.<br />AIB, aminoisobutyrate.<br />AIB, avian infectious bronchitis.<br />AIBA, aminoisobutyric acid.<br />AIBS, American Institute of Biological Sciences.<br />AIC, Akaike’s information criterion (a goodness-of-fit measure).<br />AIC, aminoimidazole carboxamide.<br />AIC, Association des Infirmières Canadiennes.<br />A-IC, average integrated concentration.<br />AICA, anterior inferior cerebellar artery.<br />AICA, anterior inferior communicating artery.<br />AI-CAH, autoimmune-type chronic active hepatitis.<br />AICAR, aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide.<br />AICD, automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator.<br />AICE, angiotensin I converting enzyme.<br />AICF, autoimmune complement fixation.<br />AID, acquired immunodeficiency disease.<br />AID, acute infectious disease.<br />AID, acute ionization detector.<br />AID, Agency for International Development.<br />AID, argon ionization detector.<br />AID, artificial insemination by donor.<br />AID, autoimmune deficiency.<br />AID, autoimmune disease.<br />AID, automatic implantable defibrillator.<br />AID, average interocular difference.<br />AIDP, acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.<br />AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.<br />AIDSDRUGS, clinical trials of acquired immunodeficiency drugs.<br />AIDS-KS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome with Kaposi’s sarcoma.<br />AIDSLINE, on-line information on acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.<br />AIDSTRIALS, clinical trials of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome drugs.<br />AIIS, anterior inferior iliac spine.<br />AIL, angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy.<br />AIMBE, <a href="http://iies.ecn.purdue.edu/bme/societies/aimbe/aimbe.html">American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering</a>.<br />AIN, anterior interosseous nerve.<br />Aind, indicative dosage.<br />AIOD, <a href="http://www.aiod.asso.fr/">Association Internationale pour l'Ostéosynthèse Dynamique</a>.<br />AIOM, <a href="http://sos.unige.it/aiom/index.html">Italian Association for Medical Oncology</a>.<br />AION, anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.<br />AIOSM, <a href="http://www.bonecenter.com/doctor.html">American Institute of Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine</a>.<br />AIP, acute interstitial pneumonia (Hamman-Rich disease).<br />AIRO, Associazione Italiana di Radioterapia Oncologica.<br />AIS, adenocarcinoma in situ.<br />AIS, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.<br />AIT, acute intensive treatment.<br />AJ, ankle jerk.<br />AJAO, <a href="http://www.arthritis.org/ajao/">American Juvenile Arthritis Organization</a>.<br />AJCC, American Joint Committee on Cancer.<br />AJKS, <a href="http://www.slackinc.com/bone/ajks/ajkshome.htm">American Journal of Knee Surgery</a>.<br />AJNR, <a href="http://www.asnr.org/ajnr/">American Journal of Neuroradiology</a>.<br />AJO, American Journal of Orthopaedics.<br />AK, above knee.<br />AK, above the knee (amputation).<br />AKA, above knee amputation.<br />AKA, also known as.<br />AKS, American Knee Society.<br />AL, idiopathic (primary) amyloidosis.<br />AL, left ear.<br />Al, porous alumni.<br />Ala, alanine.<br />ALAT, alanine aminotransferase / alanine transaminase.<br />ALB, albendazole.<br />ALC, anaplastic large cell.<br />ALC, approximate lethal concentration.<br />ALD, alcoholic liver disease.<br />ALIP, atypical localization of immature precursors.<br />alk phos, alkaline phosphatase.<br />ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase.<br />ALK, automated lamellar keratoplasty.<br />ALL , acute lymphoblastic leukemia.<br />ALL, allergy.<br />AlloSCT, allogeneic stem-cell transplantation.<br />ALMI, anterior lateral myocardial infarction.<br />ALP, alkaline phosphatase.<br />alpha 2,6-ST, alpha 2,6 sialyltransferase.<br />alpha-MPT, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine.<br />alpha-T7, transgenic line of mice.<br />ALRI, antero-lateral rotatory instability.<br />ALS , acute lumbar strain.<br />ALS, advanced life support.<br />ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.<br />ALS, anterolateral sclerosis.<br />alt hor, alternate hours/every other hour.<br />ALT, alanine aminotransferase (formerly SGPT).<br />ALT, alternate.<br />ALT, altitude.<br />Alt, aluminum tartrate.<br />ALT, argon laser trabeculoplasty.<br />ALT, autolymphocyte therapy.<br />ALT, avian laryngotracheitis<br />ALTB, acute laryngotracheobronchitis.<br />ALTE, acute life-threatening event.<br />ALTEE, acetyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester.<br />ALTS, acute lumbar trauma syndrome.<br />ALVF, acute left ventricular failure.<br />AM, adult male.<br />AM, aerospace medicine.<br />AM, alveolar macrophages.<br />AM, anteromedial.<br />AM, before noon.<br />AMA, against medical advice.<br />AMA, <a href="http://www.ama-assn.org/">American Medical Association</a>.<br />AMAN, acute motor axonal neuropathy.<br />AMB, ambulate; ambulatory.<br />AMG, acceleromyography.<br />AMG, ά2-macroglobulin.<br />AMI, acute myocardial infarction.<br />AMIA, <a href="http://amia2.amia.org/">American Medical Informatics Association</a>.<br />AML, acute myeloblastic leukemia.<br />AMM&M, agnogenic myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis.<br />AMM, agnogenic myeloid metaplasia.<br />amp, ampere.<br />AMP, amphetamine.<br />AMP, amputation.<br />AMS, American Medical Systems Inc..<br />AMS, Amsterdam.<br />AMS, aseptic meningitis syndrome.<br />AMSAN, acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy.<br />AMSSM, <a href="http://www.sportsmed.upmc.edu/~amssm/index.html">American Medical Society for Sports Medicine</a>.<br />amt, amount.<br />AMV, alfalfa mosaic virus.<br />AMV, anterior medullary velum.<br />AMV, apical membrane vesicles (about lung).<br />AMV-RT, avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase.<br />AN69-S, Biospal.<br />ANA, anesthesia.<br />ANA, antinuclear antibody test (see also FANA).<br />ANAL, analgesic.<br />ANC, absolute neutrophil count.<br />ANCA, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies.<br />AND, algoneurodystrophy.<br />AND, anterior nasal discharge.<br />ANED, alive no evidence of disease.<br />ANES, anesthesia.<br />ANG, angle.<br />ANHE, acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy.<br />ANI, acute nerve irritation.<br />ANLL, acute non-lymphocytic leukemia.<br />ANO, amiodarone neuropathy of the optic nerve.<br />ANOVA, analysis of variance.<br />ANP, atrial natriuretic peptide.<br />ANRF, <a href="http://www.curearthritis.org/">Arthritis National Research Foundation</a>.<br />ANRI, acute nerve root irritation.<br />ANS, autonomic nervous system.<br />ANSI, American National Standards Institute.<br />ANT, anterior.<br />anti-OJ, anti-isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase.<br />ANX, anxiety.<br />AO ASIF, <a href="http://www.ao-asif.ch/index.html">AO (Arbeitsgemeinschaft fuer Osteosynthesefragen) Association of the Study of Internal Fixation</a>.<br />AO, angle of.<br />AO, aorta.<br />AO, <a href="http://www.ao-asif.ch/index.html">Arbeitsgemeinschaft fuer Osteosynthesefragen</a>.<br />AO, inbred strains of rats [AO(RT1u/AgB2)].<br />AOA, <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtm/aoa/aoatoc.htm">American Orthopaedic Association</a> (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/relorg.htm">AAOS Related Organizations</a>).<br />AOA, <a href="http://www.am-osteo-assn.org/">American Osteopathic Association</a>.<br />AOA, Asian Orthopaedic Association.<br />AOA, <a href="http://www.aoa.org.au/">Australian Orthopaedic Association</a>.<br />AOAC, Association of Official Analytical Chemist.<br />AOB, <a href="http://cranium.unibe.ch/">Abteilung für Orthopädische Biomechanik (Orthopaedic Biomechanics Division)</a>.<br />AOB, alcohol on breath.<br />AOD, arteriosclerotic occlusive disease.<br />AODA, alcohol and other drugs of abuse.<br />AODM, adult onset diabetes mellitus.<br />AOFAS, <a href="http://www.aofas.org/">American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society</a> (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/relorg.htm">AAOS Related Organizations</a>).<br />AOI, <a href="http://www.ao-asif.ch/aoi.html">AO (Arbeitsgemeinschaft fuer Osteosynthesefragen) International</a>.<br />AOLF, <a href="http://www.belgianorthoweb.be/sobcot/aolf98.htm">Association des Orthopédistes de Langue Française</a>.<br />AOM, acute otitis media.<br />AOPA, <a href="http://www.theaopa.org/">American Orthotic and Prosthetic Association</a>.<br />AOQ, <a href="http://www.atreide.net/orthopedie.quebec/">l'Association d'Orthopédie du Québec</a>.<br />AORFA, <a href="http://www.sechrest.com/ortho/aorfa/">American Orthopaedic Rugby Football Association</a>.<br />AORN, <a href="http://www.aorn.org/">Association of Perioperative Registered Nurses</a>.<br />AOS, <a href="http://www.a-o-s.org/">Academic Orthopaedic Society</a> (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/specsoc.htm">AAOS Specialty Societies</a>).<br />AOS, <a href="http://www.woa-assn.org/newpage26.htm">Alaska Orthopaedic Society</a>.<br />AOS, <a href="http://www.woa-assn.org/newpage3.htm">Arizona Orthopaedic Society</a>.<br />AOSSM, <a href="http://www.sportsmed.org/">American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine</a> (<a href="http://www.sportsmed.org/j/j.htm">Journal</a>) (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/relorg.htm">AAOS Related Organizations</a>).<br />AOx4, alert and oriented in 4 questions asked in evaluation of metal status.<br />AP & L, anteroposterior and lateral.<br />AP, access permit.<br />AP, accessory pathway.<br />AP, accounts payable.<br />AP, acid phosphatase.<br />AP, acinar parenchyma.<br />AP, action potential.<br />AP, active pepsin.<br />AP, acute pancreatitis.<br />Ap, acute phase.<br />AP, acute pneumonia.<br />AP, acute proliferative.<br />AP, adenomatous polyposis.<br />AP, adolescent psychiatry.<br />AP, aerosol pentamidine.<br />AP, after parturition.<br />AP, alkaline phosphatase.<br />AP, alum precipitated.<br />AP, aminopeptidase.<br />Ap, aminopurine.<br />AP, amyloid p-component.<br />AP, angina pectoris.<br />AP, anterior pituitary.<br />AP, anteroposterior (view in X-rays).<br />AP, antidromic potential.<br />Ap, antipyrine.<br />AP, antral peristalsis.<br />AP, aortic pressure.<br />AP, aortopulmonary.<br />Ap, apex.<br />AP, apical pulse.<br />AP, apothecary.<br />AP, appendectomy.<br />AP, appendicitis; appendix.<br />AP, apurinic acid.<br />AP, area postrema.<br />AP, arithmetic progression.<br />AP, arterial pressure.<br />AP, artificial pneumothorax.<br />AP, aspiration pneumonia.<br />Ap, assessment and plans.<br />AP, association period.<br />AP, atherosclerotic plaque.<br />AP, atrial pacing.<br />AP, atrioventricular pathway.<br />ap, attachment point.<br />AP, Australian pharmacist.<br />AP, axiopulpal.<br />ap, before dinner.<br />AP, (Lat. ante partum) before delivery.<br />AP, BNP, brain natriuretic peptide.<br />APA, Abrus precatorius agglutinin.<br />APA, American Paralysis Association.<br />APA, <a href="http://www.psych.org/">American Psychiatric Association</a>.<br />APAAP, alkaline phosphatase anti-alkaline phosphatase.<br />APACHE, acral pseudolymphomatous angiokeratoma of childhood.<br />APAP, acetaminophen (paracetamol).<br />APB, abductor pollicis brevis (also ABPB).<br />APB, atrial premature beat.<br />APC, activated protein C.<br />APC, allophycocyanin.<br />APC, Ambulatory Patient Classification.<br />APC, anterior polar cataract.<br />APC, antigen presenting cells.<br />APC, Argon Plasma Coagulation.<br />APC, aspirin, phenacetin, caffeine.<br />APF, assigned protection factor.<br />APH, anterior pituitary hormone.<br />APH, aphasia.<br />APHIS, USDA's Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.<br />API, <a href="http://www.pathologyinformatics.org/mission.htm">Association for Pathology Informatics</a>.<br />APL, abductor pollicis longus (also ABPL).<br />APLAR, Asian Pacific League of Association for Rheumatology.<br />APLS, advanced pediatric life support.<br />APMA, <a href="http://www.apma.org/">American Podiatric Medical Association</a>.<br />ApMV, apple mosaic virus.<br />APP, Alzheimer amyloid precursor protein.<br />APP, appears.<br />APP, appendix.<br />APP, appointment.<br />APP, approximate.<br />ApPC, anthrylvinyl-labeled phosphatidylcholine.<br />APPC, aorto-pericardial pouch conduit.<br />APPC, apalcillin.<br />APPC, apoptotic cells.<br />APPc, cytoplasmic tail of the amyloid precursor protein.<br />APPC, knee arthroplasty with polyethylene patellar components.<br />APPC, p-aminophenylphosphorylcholine.<br />APTA, <a href="http://www.apta.org/">American Physical Therapy Association</a>.<br />APTT, automated partial thromboplastin time.<br />APUD, amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation.<br />APVOD, arteriosclerotic peripheral vascular occlusive disease.<br />APX, ascorbate peroxidase.<br />AQ, aq., water.<br />AQL, acceptance quality level.<br />AR, active resistance.<br />AR, admitting room.<br />AR, apical rate.<br />AR, artificial respiration.<br />AR, assessment report.<br />AR, assisted respiration.<br />AR, at risk.<br />ARA-C, cytarabine.<br />ARC, AIDS related complex.<br />ARD, acute respiratory disease.<br />ARD, atheroembolic renal disease.<br />ARDS, acute/adult respiratory distress syndrome.<br />ARE, active-resistance exercise.<br />ARF, acute renal failure.<br />ARF, acute respiratory failure.<br />ARF, acute rheumatic fever.<br />Arg, arginine.<br />ARI, anxiety reaction, intense.<br />ARIC, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities.<br />ARM, anxiety reaction, mild.<br />ARNP, <a href="http://www.nurse.net/consumer/about.nps.shtml">Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner</a>.<br />AROM, active range of motion.<br />AROM, artificial rupture of membranes.<br />ARP, <a href="http://www.afip.org/">American Registry of Pathology</a>.<br />ARP, <a href="http://www.afip.org/">American Registry of Pathology</a>.<br />ARRT, <a href="http://www.arrt.org/">American Registry of Radiologic Technologists</a>.<br />ART, absolute retention time (chromatography).<br />ART, Achilles' tendon reflex test.<br />ART, artery.<br />ART, articulation.<br />ART, artificial.<br />ARTH, arthritic.<br />ARVD, arrythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.<br />AS ankylosing spondylitis.<br />as to, as tolerated.<br />AS, alpha-synuclein.<br />AS, anal sphincter.<br />AS, aortic stenosis.<br />AS, arteriosclerosis.<br />AS, auris sinistra (left ear).<br />ASA, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin).<br />ASA, <a href="http://www.asahq.org/">American Society of Anesthesiologists</a>.<br />ASAMI, <a href="http://www.fixtool.com/asami/">Association for the Study and Application of the Ilizarov Method</a>.<br />ASAP, as soon as possible.<br />ASB, <a href="http://www.orst.edu/dept/HHP/ASB/">American Society of Biomechanics</a>.<br />ASBME, <a href="http://www.usc.edu/dept/engineering/biomed/asbme/">Associated Students of Biomedical Engineering</a>.<br />ASBMR, Austrian Society for Bone and Mineral Research <a href="http://www.effo.org/members/asbmr.html">(EFFO Member Society)</a>.<br />ASC, arteriosclerosis.<br />ASC, ascending.<br />ASCAD, arteriosclerotic coronary artery disease.<br />ASCO, American Society of Clinical Oncology.<br />ASCUS, atypical squamous cells of unknown significance.<br />ASCVD, arteriosclerotic cardiovascular disease.<br />ASD, atrial septal defect.<br />ASD, autosensitization spongiotic dermatitis.<br />ASDP, <a href="http://www.asdp.org/">American Society of Dermatopathology</a>.<br />ASES, <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/ases/homeases.htm">American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons</a> (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/specsoc.htm">AAOS Specialty Societies</a>).<br />ASF, African Swine Fever.<br />ASF, anterior spinal fusion.<br />ASH, <a href="http://www.hematology.org/">American Society of Hematology</a>.<br />ASH, asymmetrical septal hypertrophy.<br />ASHD, arteriosclerotic heart disease.<br />ASHD, atherosclerotic heart disease.<br />ASHNR, <a href="http://www.rad.rpslmc.edu/~ajnr/ashnr.html">American Society of Head and Neck Radiology</a>.<br />ASI, specific immunotherapy.<br />ASIA, American Spinal Injury Association <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/relorg.htm">(AAOS Related Organizations)</a>.<br />ASIC, application specific integrated circuit.<br />ASIS, anterior superior iliac spine.<br />ASM, aggressive systemic mastocytosis.<br />ASM, <a href="http://www.asmusa.org/">American Society for Microbiology</a>.<br />ASMI, <a href="http://www.asmi.org/">American Sports Medicine Institute</a>.<br />Asn, asparagine.<br />ASNR, <a href="http://www.asnr.org/">American Society of Neuroradiology</a>.<br />ASO, Amplatzer septal occluder.<br />ASO, antisense oligonucleotides.<br />ASO, antistreptolysin-O.<br />ASO, arteriosclerosis obliterans.<br />ASOPA, <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/asopa/index.htm">American Society of Orthopaedic Physician's Assistants</a> (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/specsoc.htm">AAOS Specialty Societies</a>).<br />ASOS, <a href="http://www.ozemail.com.au/~asos/">Australian Society of Orthopaedic Surgeons</a>.<br />Asp, aspartic acid.<br />ASPC, aspoxicillin.<br />ASPNR, <a href="http://www.asnr.org/aspnr">American Society of Pediatric Neuroradiology</a>.<br />ASPRS, <a href="http://www.plasticsurgery.org/">American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons</a>.<br />ASPVD, arteriosclerotic peripheral vascular disease<br />ASR, age standardized rate (incidence).<br />ASRT, <a href="http://www.asrt.org/asrt.htm">American Society of Radiologic Technologists</a>.<br />Aß, amyloid beta-peptides.<br />ASS, anterior superior spine.<br />ASSH, <a href="http://www.hand-surg.org/">American Society for Surgery of the Hand</a> (also: <a href="http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/relorg.htm">AAOS Related Organizations</a>).<br />assist., assistive.<br />ASSR, <a href="http://www.asnr.org/assr">American Society of Spine Radiology</a>.<br />AST, all subjects treated.<br />AST, alternate-site-testing.<br />AST, antimicrobial susceptibility testing.<br />AST, aspartate aminotransferase (formerly SGOT).<br />AST, <a href="http://www.ast.org/">Association of Surgical Technologists</a>.<br />AST, astigmatism.<br />Astigm., astigmatism.<br />ASTM, american standard test method.<br />ASTRO, <a href="http://www.astro.org/">American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology</a>.<br />ASU, ambulatory surgery unit.<br />at bed time, hs.<br />AT, achilles tendon.<br />AT, anterior tibial.<br />AT, athletic trainer.<br />AT, atlas.<br />at, vol atomic volume.<br />at, wt atomic weight.<br />AT/NC, atraumatic, normocephalic.<br />ATF, amino-terminal fragment.<br />ATL, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.<br />ATLL, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma.<br />ATLS, advanced trauma life support (training course).<br />ATN, acute tubular necrosis<br />ATP, attending physician.<br />ATP, autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura.<br />ATPS, ambient temperature and pressure, saturated.<br />Atr fib, atrial fibrillation.<br />ATR, Achilles tendon reflex.<br />ATR, alpha-thalassemia-mental retardation (syndrome).<br />ATR, atracurium.<br />ATR, atrazine.<br />atr, atrophy.<br />ATR, atrophy.<br />ATRA, all-trans-retinoic acid (regimen used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia).<br />ATRIP, Africa Trade and Investment Program.<br />ATRX, ATR-X, X-linked alpha-thalassemia mental retardation (syndrome).<br />ATS, Achard-Thiers syndrome.<br />ATS, acid test solution.<br />ATS, alpha-D-tocopherol acid succinate.<br />ATS, <a href="http://www.thoracic.org/default.asp">American Thoracic Society</a>.<br />ATS, <a href="http://www.amtrauma.org/">American Trauma Society</a>.<br />ATS, <a href="http://www.lalung.org/medical/index.htm">American Trudeau Society</a>.<br />ATS, antirat thymocyte serum.<br />ATS, antitetanus serum.<br />ATS, antithymocyte serum.<br />ATS, anxiety tension state.<br />ATS, arteriosclerosis.<br />ATSDR, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.<br />ATT, arginine tolerance test.<br />ATT, aspirin tolerance time.<br />att, attending.<br />ATV, Abelson virus transformed.<br />ATV, avian tumor virus.<br />ATx, adult thymectomy.<br />atyp, atypical.<br />ATZ, atypical transformation zone.<br />Au Ag, Australia antigen.<br />AU, (auris unitas) both ears.<br />AU, according to custom (Lat.ad usum).<br />AU, allergenic unit.<br />AU, Angstrom unit.<br />AU, antitoxin unit.<br />AU, arbitrary unit.<br />Au, Australia (antigen).<br />AU, Australia antigen.<br />Au, authorization.<br />AU, azauridine.<br />Au, gold (Lat.Aurum).<br />AUA, adenine-uracil-adenine codon for isoleucine.<br />AUA, <a href="http://www.auanet.org/index_hi.cfm">American Urological Association</a>.<br />AUA, asymptomatic urinary abnormalities.<br />AUB, abnormal uterine bleeding.<br />AUC, adenine-uracil-cytosine codon for isoleucine.<br />AUC, area under the curve.<br />AUD, arthritis of unknown diagnosis.<br />aud, auditory.<br />AUDIT, alcohol use disorders identification test.<br />aud-vis, audiovisual.<br />AUG, acute ulcerative gingivitis.<br />AUG, adenine-uracil-guanine codon for methionine.<br />AUGH, acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.<br />AuHAA, Australia hepatitis-associated antigen.<br />AUI, Alcohol Use Inventory.<br />AUL, acute undifferentiated leukemia.<br />AUMC, area under the "moment" curve.<br />AUO, amyloid of unknown origin.<br />AuP, Australian antigen protein.<br />AUPHA, Association of University Programs in Health Administration.<br />aur, auric, auricle, auricular.<br />AUS, acute urethral syndrome.<br />AUs, alcohol users.<br />aus, ausc, auscultation.<br />AuS, Australia serum hepatitis.<br />Ausc., auscultation.<br />AuSH, Australia serum hepatitis.<br />Auto-PEEP, self-controlled positive end-expiratory pressure.<br />AUU, adenine-uracil-uracil codon for isoleucine.<br />AUV, anterior urethral valve.<br />AUVIB, autotransfusion of UV-irradiated blood.<br />aux, auxiliary.<br />aV, abvolt.<br />AV, Adriamycin and vincristine.<br />AV, air velocity.<br />av, air velocity.<br />AV, allergic vasculitis.<br />AV, anteroventral.<br />AV, anteversion.<br />AV, anticipatory vomiting.<br />AV, antivirin.<br />AV, aortic valve.<br />AV, arteriovenous.<br />A-V, arteriovenous.<br />AV, artificial ventilation.<br />AV, assisted ventilation.<br />AV, atrioventricular.<br />A-V, atrioventricular.<br />AV, audio-visual.<br />AV, augmented vector.<br />AV, average.<br />av, average.<br />Av, average.<br />AV, aviation medicine.<br />AV, avoirdupois.<br />Av, avoirdupois.<br />av, avulsion.<br />AV, avulsion.<br />AV/AF, anteverted, anteflexed.<br />Av3V, anteroventral third ventricle.<br />AVA, activity vector analysis.<br />AVA, antiviral antibody.<br />AVA, aortic valve area.<br />AVA, aortic valve atresia.<br />AVA, arteriovenous anastomosis.<br />AVB, atrioventricular block.<br />AVC, aberrant ventricular conduction.<br />AVC, Academy of Veterinary Cardiology.<br />AVC, aortic valve closure.<br />AVC, Association of Vitamin Chemists.<br />AVC, associative visual cortex.<br />AVC, associative visual cortex.<br />AVC, atrioventricular canal.<br />AVC, automatic volume control.<br />AVCN, anteroventral cochlear nucleus.<br />AVCS, atrioventricular conduction system.<br />AVCx, atrioventricular circumflex branch.<br />AVD, aortic valvular disease.<br />AVD, apparent volume of distribution.<br />AVD, Army Veterinary Department.<br />AVD, atrioventricular dissociation.<br />AVDO2, arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference.<br />AVDO2B, arteriovenous oxygen saturation difference, basal.<br />AVDP, average diastolic pressure.<br />avdp, avoirdupois.<br />AVE, aortic valve echocardiogram.<br />ave, aver, average.<br />AVF, antiviral factor.<br />AVF, arteriovenous fistula.<br />aVF, automated volt foot.<br />aVF, unipolar limb lead on the left leg in electrocardiography.<br />AVG, ambulatory visit group.<br />avg, average.<br />AVG, average.<br />AVH, acute viral hepatitis.<br />AVHD, acquired valvular heart disease.<br />AVHS, acquired valvular heart syndrome.<br />AVI, air velocity index.<br />AVI, Association of Veterinary Inspectors.<br />AVJ, atrioventricular junction.<br />AVJR, atrioventricular junction rhythm.<br />AVJRe, atrioventricular junctional reentrant.<br />aVL, automated volt left.<br />aVL, unipolar limb lead on the left arm in electrocardiography.<br />AVLINE, Audiovisuals On-Line (database).<br />AVM, arteriovenous malformations.<br />AVM, atrio-ventricular malformations.<br />AVM, aviation medicine.<br />AVMA, American Veterinary Medical Association.<br />AVN, acute vasomotor nephropathy.<br />AVN, atrioventricular nodal (conduction).<br />AVN, atrioventricular node.<br />AVN, avascular necrosis (<a href="http://www.mri.jhu.edu/~dbluemke/Avascular_necrosis.html#anchor335716">MRI evaluation</a>).<br />AVND, atrioventricular node dysfunction.<br />AVNFH, avascular necrosis of the femoral head.<br />AVNFRP, atrioventricular node functional refractory period.<br />AVNR, atrioventricular nodal reentry.<br />AVNRT, atrioventricular node reentry tachycardia.<br />AVO, aortic valve opening.<br />AVO, aortic valve orifice.<br />AVO, atrioventricular opening.<br />AVO2, arteriovenous oxygen ratio.<br />AVP, abnormal vasopressin.<br />AVP, actinomycin-vincristine-Platinol.<br />AVP, ambulatory venous pressure.<br />AVP, antiviral protein.<br />AVP, aqueous vasopressin.<br />AVP, arginine—vasopressin.<br />AVP, arteriovenous passage time.<br />AVP, vasopressin.<br />AVPU, alert, verbal, painful, unresponsive (neurologic test).<br />AVR, accelerated ventricular rhythm.<br />AVR, antiviral regulator.<br />AVR, aortic valve replacement.<br />aVR, automated volt right.<br />aVR, unipolar limb lead on the right arm in electrocardiography.<br />AVRI, acute viral respiratory infection.<br />AVRP, atrioventricular refractory period.<br />AVRR, antiviral repressor regulator.<br />AVRT, atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia; atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia.<br />AVS, aortic valve stenosis.<br />AVS, arteriovenous shunt.<br />AVS, auditory vocal sequencing.<br />AVSD, atrioventricular septal defect.<br />AVSV, aortic valve stroke volume.<br />AVT, Allen vision test.<br />AVT, arginine vasotocin.<br />AVT, Aviation Medicine Technician.<br />AVZ, avascular zone.<br />AW, able to work.<br />AW, above waist.<br />AW, abrupt withdrawal.<br />aw, airway.<br />AW, alcohol withdrawal.<br />AW, alive and well.<br />AW, alveolar wall.<br />AW, anterior wall.<br />AW, atomic warfare.<br />AW, atomic weight.<br />aw, water activity.<br />AWA, as well as.<br />AWAR, anterior wall of aortic root.<br />AWBM, alveolar wall basement membrane.<br />AW-GC, apatite and wollastonite containing glass-ceramic.<br />AX, axial: axillary.<br />AZT, azidothymidine (zidovudine).<br />AZUR, 6-azauridine.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-58902911274629742762010-01-04T06:39:00.000-08:002010-01-04T06:44:51.609-08:00Modifiers Usage- CPT Coding<div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Definition</strong></span>: Modifier is a two character code that indicates a service or a procedure has been altered by some specific circumstance but has not changed in its definition or code.<br /><br /><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Advantages of Modifiers</strong></span>:<br /><br />1. To indicate a procedure performed has both Professional and Technical<br />Component<br />2. To indicate a procedure performed more than one physician or more than in one location<br />3. A service has been increased or reduced or only a part of the procedure was performed.<br />4. A bilateral procedure was performed<br />5. A service or procedure was provide more than once<br />6. Unusual events occurred.<br />7. Modifiers may increase or decrease the reimbursement of a procedure or service.<br />8. Modifiers indicate additional information on a service performed<br /><br />What is Professional and Technical Component:<br /><br />In Professional Component involves the work done by the physician in interpreting the test by supervision.<br /><br />Technical Component involves a procedure performed by the Technician.<br /><br />Eg: 76830—26<br /> 76830---TC <br /><br /><br />Modifier 22: Unusual Procedural Services: <br />Services provide were greater than those usually required<br />Examples:<br />Excessive blood loss for the particular procedure.<br />Extensive well documented adhesions in abdominal surgery.<br />Presence of excessively large surgical specimen<br />Other pathologies, tumors, malformations that directly interfere with the procedure but are not billed separately.<br />Additional face to face primary practitioner obstetrical care performed beyond the usual service for that high-risk condition.<br />The diagnoses must be for a high-risk condition<br />If it is determined, that modifier 22 is valid; up to an additional 25% of the allowance for the procedure will be reimbursed.</div><div align="justify"><br />Modifier 24:<br />Definition: Unrelated Evaluation & Management Service by the same Physician during a Postoperative Period.<br />Modifier 24 is used when an unrelated service is performed during a postoperative period. Normally, evaluation and management services are denied if billed within a postoperative period. By using this modifier, you are indicating a separate, unrelated service was performed during the global period of the surgical procedure.<br />Only use modifier 24 with evaluation and management (E & M) procedure codes. These claims may be reviewed before processing or retrospectively after processing. If the modifier is valid for services performed, reimbursement will be allowed for the E&M code at our usual and customary allowance.<br />EX: A patient presents to clinic with painful foot who had knee surgery two days before the clinic visit.<br />Ex: A patient presents to clinic with abscess of trunk who gone abdominal surgery before two days.</div><div align="justify"><br />Modifier 25:<br />Modifier 25 is used to describe separate, distinctly identifiable services from other services or procedures rendered during the same visit. Always attach the modifier to the evaluation and management code.<br />Ex: Patient presents for six month visit for cardiac problems. Patient mentions that a mole has become irritated and would like provider to look at it and possible remove it, Provider removes mole as well as doing an office visit for cardiac problems.<br />Office visit for the established patient; 99.213 and paring of the lesion 11055<br />Ex: Sally brought her daughter in for her 3-month preventative exam visit. During the visit, Sally mentioned her daughter was pulling at her ear and thought she might have an ear ache. The provider examined the ear and provided the 3- month preventive exam, including immunizations. The claim was coded as:<br />99212-25 (exam of the ear ache)99382 (preventive care)90707 (immunization) </div><div align="justify"><br />Modifier 50:<br />Definition: Bilateral Procedure:<br />If a procedure that was performed at the same operative session.<br />If a bilateral procedure is eligible for bilateral reimbursement, the same procedure code is reported on two lines and modifier 50 is reported on the second line.<br />Ex: Jim had an Endoscope Maxillary antrostomy with removal of sinus contents, right and left. The procedure code should be reported on two lines with modifier 50 on the second procedure or line.<br />The claim would be coded as follows:<br />3126731267-50</div><div align="justify"><br />Modifier 51:<br />Definition: Multiple Procedures:<br />When multiple procedures performed on the same day or at the same session by the same provider.<br />When billing multiple surgeries the primary procedure (the procedure with the highest relative value unit) should be the first code listed on the claim.<br />Modifier 51 should not be applied to add-on codes.<br />Some of the CPT codes are 51 modifier<br />These can be found in Appendix F and are indicated by the CPT code with @ symbol<br />After the first eligible procedure is reimbursed at 100% of our usual and customary allowance, the remaining procedures are reimbursed at 50% up to five procedures. No documentation is required.</div><div align="justify"><br />If you have multiple modifiers, modifier 51 must be in the first position,<br />John had several tumors removed from his left foot. The claim would be coded as follows:28043-51, LT28045-51, LT<br />Modifier 51 represents the multiple surgeries and is reported in the first position, or directly after the procedure code. Modifier LT is informational, reporting that the procedure was done on the left foot, and is in the second position<br />Medicare’s Usage: Medicare’s system will apply modifier 51 in the first position on all procedures. Documentation is required for services over five procedures on the same day. Medicare will reimburse up to 100% of the highest RVU procedure. All other procedures will be reimbursed at 50%</div><div align="justify"><br />Modifier 52:<br />Definition: Reduced Services:<br />1. Under certain circumstances a service or procedure is partially reduced or eliminated at the physician’s discretion. Under these circumstances the service provided can be identified by its usual procedure number and the addition of modifier 52, signifying that the service is reduced.<br />A service or procedure may be partially reduced or eliminated at the MD’s discretion. If a procedure is not completed in its entirety, the procedure is to be billed with modifier 52<br />1. Uses: To report when services were not completed in its entirety.<br />EX: A previously scheduled procedure that is partially reduced or cancelled as a result of extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the wellbeing of the patient prior to or after administration of anesthesia.<br />Do not use this code to report the elective cancellation of the procedure prior to administration of anesthesia and/or surgical preparation of the patient in the operating room suite.<br /><br />Modifier 53:<br />Definition: Discontinued Procedure:<br />If the intended procedure is started but terminated due to extenuating circumstances or those that threaten the well being of the member, attach modifier 53 to the code.<br />Do not use this code to report the elective cancellation of the procedure prior to administration of anesthesia and/or surgical preparation of the patient in the operating room suite.</div><div align="justify"><br />Modifiers 54, 55 and 56:<br />Definition: (54) Surgical Care only, (55) Postoperative Management Only, (56) Preoperative Management only.<br />Modifier 54 is used when reporting intra-operative services.<br />Modifier 55 is used when reporting post-operative management.<br />Modifier 56 is used when performing the pre-operative care and evaluation only.<br /><br />Modifier-54: Surgical Care Only: When one physician performs a surgical procedure and another provides preoperative and or postoperative management, Surgical services may be identified by adding modifier 54.</div><div align="justify"><br />Modifier-55: Postoperative Management Only: When one physician performed the postoperative management and another physician performed the surgical procedure, the postoperative component may be identified by adding modifier 55.</div><div align="justify"><br />Modifier-56: Preoperative Management only: When one physician performed the preoperative care and evaluation and another physician performed the surgical procedure, the preoperative component may be identified by adding modifier 56. </div><div align="justify"><br />Modifier-57:<br />Definition: Decision for Surgery<br />Use Modifier 57 when an evaluation and management (E&M) service resulted in the initial decision to perform surgery.<br />Modifier 57 is not eligible when used with the E&M code when the E&M visits is for the preoperative history and physical prior to the surgical procedure.</div><div align="justify"><br />Modifier 59<br />Definition: Distinct Procedural Service<br />· Modifier 59 is used to clearly designate when distinct, independent and separate multiple procedures are provided. The procedure must not be a component of another procedure.<br />Examples of when to use modifier 59:<br />Different procedures or surgeries<br />Surgery on different sites or organ systems<br />Separate incision/excision<br />Separate lesions<br />Treatment to separate injuriesDocumentation may be required to support the use of modifier 59.<br />Do not use modifier 59 on all procedures on the claim. This will negate the purpose of the modifier.<br />Ex: The practitioner did a cyst removal on the left knee. The second procedure is for an aspiration on the right knee. This claim would require additional consideration.The claim should be coded as follows:<br />27345-LT20610-59-RT<br />The first line is the primary procedure performed on the left knee. Modifier 59 on the second procedure indicates a distinctly different procedure was performed on the right knee.</div><div align="justify"> </div><div align="justify">Modifier-62: Two Surgeons:<br />When two surgeons work together as primary surgeons performing a distinct parts of a operative work by adding modifier 62 for that procedure as along as both surgeons continue to work together as primary surgeons. Each surgeon should report the co surgery once using the same procedure code.<br />If Additional procedure are performed during the same surgical session separate codes may also reported with modifier 62, added.<br />Ex: If a co-surgeon act as as an assistant in the performance of an second procedure during the same surgical session, those services may be reported using separate procedure codes with the modifier 80 or modifier 82 added, as appropriate.</div><div align="justify"><br />Modifier 66:<br />Definition: Surgical Team<br />Team surgery is the coordinated efforts of several surgeons often of different specialties performing highly complex procedures in the same surgical setting.<br />Team surgery may also refer to distinct, unrelated procedures on different body areas or organ systems using distinctly different CPT codes.<br />Each surgeon will bill using the procedure code describing their portion of the total treatment; using modifier 66 attached to the procedure code.<br />For qualified procedures, each surgeon will be reimbursed for the procedure he/she performed at 100% of the allowable.<br />The team surgeon may assist each other on their respective surgeries. If that is the case, use modifier 80 in the first position and modifier 66 in the second position on the appropriate procedure code.<br />If more than one surgical procedure is performed per surgeon, multiple surgery guidelines will apply.</div><div align="justify"><br />Modifier 78:<br />Definition: Return to the operating room for a related procedure during the postoperative period.<br />Use this modifier when the subsequent procedure is related to the first and requires the use of the operating room during the post-operative global period. Report the proper CPT® code for the procedure performed at the operative session. Do not use the procedure code for the original surgery unless the identical procedure is repeated.<br />If allowable, procedures billed with modifier 78 will be allowed at the Medicare intra-operative percent of the standard allowable. Procedures not billed with modifier 78 during the global period will be denied as provider write off.<br />If more than one procedure is performed in the global period, the Medicare percent is applied after the multiple procedure reductions are applied. Documentation is required if billing an unlisted or by report procedure. Modifier 78 should be applied to each related code that is billed post-operatively.<br /><br />Modifier 80:<br />Definition: (80) Assistant Surgeon, (81) Minimum Assistant Surgery, (82) Assistant Surgeon when qualified resident surgeon not available, (AS), Non- MD surgical assistant.<br />A physician acting as an assistant at surgery should bill modifier 80, 81, or 82 and is eligible for 20% reimbursement of the primary surgeons allowable, if procedures are eligible for assistance as determined by CMS.<br />Non-MD practitioners acting as an assistant at surgery should bill with modifier AS and are eligible for a 15% reimbursement of the primary surgeons allowable, if procedures are eligible for assistance as determined by CMS.<br />Exception: Non-MD practitioners submitting claims for our Healthy Option members, should use modifier 80.<br />The assistants claim must be billed with the same CPT code and in the same manner as the primary surgeon. If the surgeons claim must be reviewed, the same determinations will apply to the assistants claim.<br />Exception: For OB care and delivery services (when using procedure code 59510). If the primary surgeon bills with 59510, the assistant should bill with procedure code 59414, with appropriate modifier (80, 81,82 or AS).</div><div align="justify"><br />Modifier SG:<br />Definition: Ambulatory Surgical Center (ASC) facility service or Surgical Suite service.<br />This modifier indicates or denotes the use of the facility and the equipment used in the surgery. Eligible services are reimbursed per provider contracted amount or billed changes, whichever is less.<br />When billing multiple modifiers, enter modifier SG in the first position.</div><div align="justify"><br /><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong>Summary</strong></span><br />Modifiers are used to communicate services that are in addition to the services described for the CPT® procedure or HCPCS code.<br />Assign modifiers that have payment impact in the first position.<br />Assign modifiers for anatomical designation in the second position.<br />Assign modifiers for specific specialties if appropriate.<br />For MD surgical assistants, use modifier 80, 81 or 82.<br />For Non- MD surgical assistants, use modifier AS.<br />Assign modifier 50 ONLY for bilateral procedures<br />Report the procedure code on both lines with modifier 50 on the second line.<br />Assign modifier 59 ONLY when distinct, independent and separate multiple procedures are provided. </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-10261078587860175032009-12-24T20:51:00.000-08:002009-12-24T20:54:55.674-08:00Infusion Coding – Always Confusion<div align="justify"><br />Injections and Infusions coding is always confusing. Through this post will try to make the things clear in infusion coding and give a quality infusion coding. The basic rule while coding hydration, intravenous push, and IVPB is that there should be only one initial service code per encounter, unless there is a mention of two different IV routes. Selection of the initial code depends on the record and also the sequencing as per CPT. Will discuss in detail throughout this post.<br /><br />Infusing normal saline only or with electrolytes is considered to be hydration. As per CPT, we have two hydration codes<br /><br /><span style="color:#ff0000;"><strong><em>Hydration<br /></em></strong></span> </div><div align="justify">96360: This is an initial code. This is a first hour hydration code, which needs to be given more than 30 minutes and up to one hour. Hydration less than 30 minutes is ignored and not coded.<br /><br />96361: This code is used for each additional hour of hydration more than 30 minutes.<br /><br />For Ex: <br />Normal saline given for 55 minutes is coded to only 96360.<br />Normal saline given for 90 minutes is coded to only 96360 because the next hour is only for 30 minutes and cannot be coded for the extra hour.<br />Normal given for 93 minutes can be coded to 96360 and 96361 as there is an additional 33 minutes, which can be taken as additional hour.<br /><br /><strong><em><span style="color:#ff0000;">Intravenous Push (IVP)</span></em></strong><br /> Intravenous push is an administration of therapeutic substance through IV route for less than or for 15 minutes. Even for IVPs, we have initial IVP and each additional IVP codes.<br /><br />96374: This is an initial IVP given<br />96375: This is coded for each additional IVP of different drug or substance.<br />96376: This is coded for the IVP of the same substance given after the 30 minutes after the same substance administration. If the same substance is given within the 30 minutes of the same substance given, it is not coded.<br /><br />For Ex:<br />Morphine IVP is coded to 96374<br />Morphine IVP and Pepcid IVP is coded to 96374 and 96375<br />Morphine IVP is given at 12.00 and next morphine is given at 12.10 and Pepcid is given at 12.15, then only 96374 and 96375 (for Pepcid) is coded. The second morphine is not coded, as there is only 10 minutes difference.<br /><br /><strong><em><span style="color:#ff0000;">IVPB</span></em></strong><br />Infusions of therapeutic substance through IV for more than 15 minutes are coded to IVPB. There are initial, subsequent, concurrent codes for coding these. <br /><br />96365: This is coded to initial hour of infusion<br />96366: This is coded to each additional hour of infusion.<br />96367: This is coded to additional subsequent infusion.<br />96368: This is coded to concurrent infusion. This is coded only once per encounter.<br /><br />For Ex:<br /><br />· Zofran IVPB given for one hour coded to 96365.<br />· Zofran IVPB given for two hours is coded to 96365 and 96366. The second hour infusion should be more than 30 minutes to be coded as additional hour code.<br />· Zofran IVPB given from 12.00 to 1.00 and Pepcid from 2.00 to 3.00, the initial hour 96365 is coded and also 96367 is coded for subsequent infusion.<br />· Both Zofran IVPB and Pepcid given from 12.00 to 1.00. The initial 96365 and 96368 are coded showing both are running concurrently.<br /><br /><strong><em><span style="color:#ff0000;">IM/SQ Injections:</span></em></strong><br />We have only one code for IM/SQ injection.<br /><br />96372 is coded to IM/SQ injection and can be used for each injection.<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> </div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-34639448332604389762009-12-23T07:31:00.000-08:002009-12-24T19:59:02.878-08:00Medical Coding Scenerios with answers<div align="justify"><br />Case 1<br />Chief complaint: Multiple dog bites to face.<br />HPI: 4 year old female who was over at a friend's house when she went to pet their dog and was accidentally bitten. She sustained a 2.5cm laceration to the left upper eyelid and eyebrow, a smaller, more superficial puncture wound to the right cheek measuring approximately 1 cm and an additional puncture wound of the lower cheek measuring 5mm.<br />PMH: Non-contributory.<br />Allergies: None<br />Medications: None<br />PE: Well-developed white female, alert and oriented. HEENT: Multiple abrasions and scratches to left cheek with lacerations as described above. The left upper eyelid, eyebrow laceration will require primary repair. The puncture wounds are best left cleaned and allowed to close secondarily and these will be revised at a later date if nece3ssary. There is no injury to the orbit itself and extraocular muscles are intact.<br />Procedure note: The wound was prepped and draped in the usual sterile fashion and infiltrated with 1% lidocaine with epinephrine. The wounds were thoroughly irrigated. Next, the lid laceration was debrided and closed with 6-0 Vicryl and 6-0 Prolene sutures. All wounds were dressed with Polysporin ointment.<br />Disposition: The patient will be discharged on Augmentin 250 mg po tid and she will be seen back in follow-up in five days for suture removal and reassessment of remaining wounds.<br />Codes: _________________________________________________________________<br /><br />Case 2<br />Chief Complaint: Smashed left thumb<br />HPI: Patient complains of an injury to the right thumb a few hours ago. The patient states that he got his finger smashed in a machine at work. Last tetanus over 5 years ago.<br />Allergies: None<br />Medications: None<br />ROS: The review of systems is otherwise unremarkable for major signs and symptoms of acute illness or injury for constitutional, HEENT and other significant systems reviewed, except as noted above.<br />PMH: Generally well.<br />Social History: The patient smokes 1 ½ packs a day, non-drinker.<br />Family History: None pertinent to the present complaint.<br />PE: Vital signs: Review Nurse's notes.<br />Finger: Left thumb. There is a laceration vertically through the 1/3 or the lateral nail involving a small portion of the tip of the finger. Nonswollen. Range of motion: full. No deformity. Neurovascular status: normal.<br />Treatment section:<br />X-ray: Left thumb: tuft fracture.<br />The affected area was prepped with Betadine. 0.25% Sensorcaine without epi digital block. Nail was removed. The laceration was explored to its base. There was no foreign body in the wound. Irrigated and scrubbed with normal saline and Betadine. Wound repaired with 4-0 nylon and 4-0 Vicryl. Vaseline gauze applied. Sterile dressing and aluminum finger splint applied. Ancef 1 gram IM given.<br />Codes: _________________________________________________________________<br /><br />Case 3<br />Preop Dx: Basal cell carcinoma of the nasal tip.<br />Postop Dx: Basal cell carcinoma of the nasal tip.<br />Procedure performed: Wide excision of basal cell carcinoma, frozen section control of the margins and dorsal nasal flap coverage.<br />Anesthesia: General<br />Description of Procedure: Following suitable general anesthesia Lacri-Lube was placed in both eyes. The area was marked for excision, prepped with Betadine and draped sterilely. Infiltrated with Marcaine and epinephrine. After suitable waiting period, this was incised circumferentially of the 12 and 3 o'clock position marked and sent for frozen section. Frozen section revealed the margins to be clear. Following this, the dorsal nasal flap based on the right nasal labial crease vessels was marked, extended into the glabella in a V type fashion, carried down to the nasal periosteum and elevated in a left to right fashion with bleeding points being grasped and elevated. It was rotated into position and then temporarily closed. The defect was then closed with buried interrupted 4-0 undyed Vicryl followed by interrupted 5-0 Prolene. After the frozen section revealed the areas to be clear, it was then inset with 4-0 Vicryl. The margins were then trimmed and closed with 5-0 Prolene. All layers were cleansed with saline and dried. The patient tolerated the procedure well.<br />Codes: _________________________________________________________________<br /><br />Case 4<br />Preoperative diagnosis: Pyloric stenosis<br />Postoperative diagnosis: Same with esophageal stenosis<br />Operative procedure: Video EGD and balloon dilation of the pylorus and esophageal dilatation to 46 with straight dilator.<br />Procedure: The patient was given Demerol, 50; Phenergan, 12 ½ and Versed, 2mg and Cetacaine spray. The scope was passed down with little difficulty. The GE junction was at 42 cm. The scope was advanced and had difficulty getting through the pylorus. I thought it was strictured. I was able to finally get through it and get around to the second portion of the duodenum. I then passed the 54 French balloon into the pylorus and dilated it for 30 seconds. After I removed the balloon, I could then easily pass through the pylorus. I felt there might be a slight stricture at the distal part of the esophagus. A picture was taken of it and dilated the esophagus to 54 over a guidewire. Pictures were then taken of the GE junction, also retroflexed. No other lesions were seen. The patient tolerated the procedure well and went to recovery in satisfactory condition.<br />Note: The French scale is not identical to the metric system of measurement. Each French unit is equal to 1/3mm; for example, a 24 French sound is equal to 8mm in diameter.<br />Codes: _________________________________________________________________<br /><br />Case 5<br />Preop Dx: Right knee torn medial meniscus and proximal tibial lesion.<br />Postop Dx: Torn medial and lateral menisci; chondcromalacias, grad 3 of medial femoral condyle, lateral femoral condyle, and patella; proximal tibial lesion; loose body.<br />Procedure Performed: Diagnostic arthroscopy with debridement of partial torn lateral and partial torn medial menisci; chondroplasty of medial and lateral femoral condyles of patella; removal of loose body and fluoroscopically controlled biopsy of proximal tibia.<br />Anesthesia: General<br />Description of Procedure: The arthroscope was introduced with the scope in the anterolateral portal and the probe in the anteromedial portal. The joint was investigated, and she was found to have synovitis throughout the knee. She had grade 2 and 3 chondromalacia over most of the surface of the patella. The medial and lateral femoral condyles ahd grade 3 lesions with some delamination. There was a parrot beak type tear in the posterior horn of the medial meniscus and a degenerative type tear in the lateral meniscus. There was also a loose body in the lateral compartment which was removed with a pituitary rongeur. The motorized cutter and the Arthrocare wand were then used to take the chondral defects on the medial and lateral femoral condyles down to stable cartilage base and rim. Excess carbonization was removed with the motorized cutter. Medial and lateral menisci were then trimmed back to a stable cartilage base and rim. The opening for the lesion on the position tibia near the posterior cruciate ligament insertion was not visible from inside the joint. Chondroplasty was also performed on the patella and was taken down to stable cartilage base and rim.<br />The arthroscopic portion was then terminated and through an open incision, a guide pin was placed into the tibia, and under fluoroscopic control, was angled into the cystic lesion. A 6.5mm drill was then drilled just short of this, and a Craig needle was used to take a biopsy of the lesion. This was sent to pathology. The knee was instilled with 27 cc of 0.25% Marcaine with epinephrine, and she was placed in a bulky bandage. She was awakened and returned to the recovery room in satisfactory condition. Estimated blood loss was none. There were no complications.<br />Codes: _________________________________________________________________<br /><br />Case 6<br />Procedure: ECCE<br />After routine prep and drape, a small fornix-based conjunctival flap was raised superiorly. Bleeding points were cauterized. A 7mm step incision was made above. The anterior chamber was entered under the flap with a 5531 blade. The anterior capsule was removed under Healon with a cystotome. The nucleus was emulsified in the posterior capsule. Cortex was removed with the I&A tip. The posterior capsule was vacuumed. Healon was placed in the anterior chamber and capsular bag. The wound was extended to 7mm. A 23.5 diopter, 3161B lens was positioned in the bag horizontally. The wound was closed with a shoelace 9-0 nylon suture. After the Healon was removed from the anterior chamber with I&A tip, intracameral Miostat was injected. The wound was tested for water tightness. Superior rectus suture was removed. Vasocidin ointment was applied along the lid margins. An eye shield was applied. The patient tolerated the procedure well and was taken to the recovery room in good condition. </div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">_________________________________________________________________</div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify">Answers:</div><div align="justify"><br />Case 1<br />870.0; 873.42?; 873.41; 910.0; E906.0-not CCS; E849.0-not CCS; 86.59; 12011<br />Case 2<br />927.3; 816.02; E919.9—not CCS; 86.23; 11730; 86.59?; 12001?<br />Case 3<br />173.3; 11640; 21.32; 14060?; 86.70?<br />Case 4<br />537.0; 530.3; 42.92; 44.22; 43245; 43248<br />Case 5<br />836.0; 836.1; 717.7; 717.6; 733.90; 29883; 29877-51; 20225-51; 76003; 81.47; 80.86; 80.16; 77.47<br />Case 6<br />366.9 but no pre and pst dx given!; 13.41; 13.71; 66984<br /></div><div align="justify"></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-76814735625128728582009-12-23T07:24:00.000-08:002009-12-23T07:25:40.929-08:00Evaluation and Management Template<a title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7022887545799854107#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1">Ó</a> GENERAL MULTI-SYSTEM<br /><br /><br />PT TYPE: OFC/NEW_____ OFC/EST _______<br />Hosp Obs____ Hosp Obs w/ Adm & DC ______ ER ________ CONSULT OFC/OP _________Consult Initial IP______<br />Consult FU IP______ Consult Confirm_______<br />Nursing facility Initial Comprehensive Assessment_____<br />Nursing facility Subsequent______<br /><br />CC_____________<br /><br /> HISTORY<br /><br />HISTORY of Present Illness:<br />____Location diffuse/localized, unilateral/bilateral, fixed/migratory<br />____Duration How long? 20 min, onset 3 yrs ago, since last Friday, for approx 2 months, since yesterday<br />____Quality sharp, dull, burning, gnawing, fullness, aching, throbbing, stabbing, radiating, color of sputum, non-productive, asymptomatic etc. Laceration jagged/straight. Sore throat scratchy<br />____Context What was going on at time symptoms occurred, exercise, big meals, dairy products, spicy foods, etc. What were they doing when it occurred, MVA, running down steps, sitting in chair, playing sports.<br />____Severity Rank of pain on pain scale 0-10, severe, slightly, worst I’ve ever had, mild, moderate, 0 pain, increase, decrease, progressive, well, major, poor, significant, complicated (must be ranked; can’t just say “pain in my leg”<br />____Modifying Factors What makes better or worse, any meds helping, rest or eating, affected by spicy foods, ice pack or quiet room for MHA, coughing irritates the pain, OTC or prescribed meds have been attempted, etc What were the results?<br />____Timing Onset, night, day, continuous, occasional, episodic, AM, PM, constant, recurrent, seldom, frequently, off and on, morning, evening, intermittent, transient.<br />____Signs/Symps Associated with…, Negative Responses will count<br /><br />Document of at least 3 chronic/inactive conditions_____<br /><br />REVIEW OF SYSTEMS:<br />Negative, Normal, WNL can count in any/all systems<br />_____Constitutional – Activity, appearance, appetite, exercise, fatigue, fevers, mood, sweats, weakness, wt change, chills<br />_____Eyes - Blurred vision, drainage, dryness, flashing, pain, photophobia, redness, tearing, vision change<br />_____ENT & Mouth - Airway, balance, bleeding, discharge, hearing, pain, ringing, smell, swallowing, taste, voice<br />_____CV - Chest pain, diaphoresis, dizziness, exertional pain, irregular beats, leg cramps, orthopnea, palpitations, peripheral edema, radiation, SOB<br />_____Respiratory - Allergies, cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, pain, SOB, sputum, wheezing<br />_____GI - Appetite, Change in bowel habits, constipation, diarrhea, heartburn, hemetemesis, indigestion, nausea, pain, rectal bleed, swallowing, thirst, vomiting<br />_____GU – Burning, discharge, dribbling, frequency, hematuria, incontinence, menopause, nocturia, odor, pain, pregnancies, starting, stopping, urgency, dyuria<br />_____All/Imm – Allergies to meds, chemo, hay fever, HIV/AIDS, hives, immune suppression, immunizations, sweating<br />_____MS - Limitation of activity, pain, redness, stiffness, swelling, weakness<br />_____Skin – bleeding, color change, cyanosis, dryness, growths, jaundice, rash<br />_____Neuro – blackout, HA, memory loss, numbness, seizure, syncope, tingling, tremors<br />_____Psych – Anxiety, delusion, depression, hallucination, insomnia, nervous, panic, personality, phobia, suicidal<br />_____Endocr – Change hair pattern, heat/cold intolerance, polydiipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, sweating<br />_____Hem/Lym – bleeding, bruising, gland swelling, menses, nodes<br />_____Documentation of adequate ROS & all others negative<br /><br /><br />PFSH<br />_____Past Medical History<br /> Surgeries<br /> Any item labeled as PMH may only be used for that. This is true for even chronic problems. Don’t try to count them for HPI or ROS elements<br /> Diagnostic tests, even when they appear in the HPI area, can only be used as PMH. Don’t try to count them as something else<br />_____Family History<br />_____Social History<br /> Smoking, Alcohol, Marital status<br />____Unable to do comprehensive history due to patient condition<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> PHYSICAL EXAM<br /><br />CONSTITUTIONAL (2) –<br />____BP, Pulse, Respiration, Temp, Ht, Wt Measurement of any 3 of<br /> the above VS. (May be measured/recorded by staff person)<br />____GENERAL APPEARANCE – Development, Nutrition,<br /> Body habitus, Deformities, Grooming<br />EYES (3)–<br />____ Conjunctivae, Lids<br />____ Pupils and Irises PERRLA<br />____ SCOPE EXAM, Optic discs, C/D ratio (Cup to Disk<br /> Ratio), Size, Appearance<br /> Posterior segments,Vessel changes, Exudates,<br /> hemorrhages<br />EARS, NOSE, MOUTH, THROAT (6)<br />____External auditory canals, TM’s<br />____EARS & NOSE – Appearance, Scars, Lesions, Masses<br />____Hearing, Whispered voice, Finger rub, Tuning Fork<br />____NOSE - Mucosa, Septum, Turbinates<br />____MOUTH – Lips, Teeth, Gums<br />____THROAT/OROPHARYNX – Oral mucosa, Salivary glands,<br /> Hard and soft palates, Tongue, Tonsils, Posterior pharynx<br />NECK (2)<br />____NECK – Masses, Appearance, Symmetry, Tracheal<br /> position, Crepitus<br />____THYROID – Enlargement, Tenderness, Mass<br />RESPIRATORY (4) –<br />____Effort, Retractions, Muscles, Movement<br />____Percussion, Dullness, Flatness, Hyperresonance<br />____Palpation, Fremitus,<br />____Auscultation, Breath sounds, Rubs<br />CARDIOVASCULAR (7) –<br />____Palpation, Location, Size, Thrills<br />____Auscultation, Abnormal sounds, Murmurs<br /> ARTERIES –<br />____Carotid, Pulse, Bruits<br />____Abdominal Aorta,Size, Bruits<br />____Femoral, Pulse, Bruits<br />____Pedal Pulse<br />____Extremities, Edema, Varicosities<br />CHEST/BREASTS (2)–<br />____Breasts, Symmetry, Nipple discharge<br />____Breasts and axillae, Mass, Lump, Tenderness<br />GI/ABDOMEN (5) –<br />____Abdomen, Mass, Tenderness<br />____Liver, Spleen<br />____Hernia<br />____Anus, Perineum, Rectum, Sphincter tone, Hemorrhoids,<br /> Rectal mass<br />____Occult blood<br /><br /><br />GU, FEMALE (6)–<br />____External genitalia, Appearance, Hair distribution, Lesions,<br />____Vagina, Appearance, Estrogen effect, Discharge,<br /> Lesions, Pelvic support, Cystocele, Rectocele<br />____Urethra, Mass, Tenderness, Scarring<br />____Bladder, Fullness, Mass, Tenderness<br />____Cervix, Appearance, Lesions, Discharge<br />____Uterus, Contour, Position, Mobility, Tenderness,<br /> Consistency, Descent or Support<br />____Adnexa/Parametria, Mass, Tenderness, Organomegaly,<br /> Nodules<br />GU, MALE (3)–<br />____Scrotum, Hydrocele, Spermatocele, Tenderness of cord,<br /> Testicular mass<br />____Penis, phallus<br />____DRE of prostate for Size, Symmetry, Nodules, Tenderness<br />LYMPHATIC (4) - Nodes, ____Neck, ____Axillae<br /> ____Groin, ____Other<br />MS (26) –<br />____Gait, Station, Romberg, Ambulatory?? <br />____Nails/Digits, Clubbing, Cyanosis, Inflammation,<br /> Petechiae, Ischemia, Infection, Nodes<br />HEAD AND NECK<br />____Misalignment, Asymmetry, Crepitation, Defects,<br /> Tenderness, Mass, Effusion, EOMI<br />____ROM, Pain, Crepitation, Contracture<br />____Stability, Dislocation, Subluxation, Laxity<br />____Muscle strength, Tone, Atrophy, Abnormal movements<br />SPINE, RIBS, AND PELVIS<br />____Misalignment, Asymmetry, Crepitation, Defects,<br /> Tenderness, Mass, Effusion<br />____ROM, Pain, Crepitation, Contracture<br />____Stability, Dislocation, Subluxation, Laxity<br />____Muscle strength, Tone, Atrophy, Abnormal movements<br />EXTREMITIES,<br />RUE<br />____Misalignment, Asymmetry, Crepitation, Defects,<br /> Tenderness, Mass, Effusion<br />____ROM, Pain, Crepitation, Contracture<br />____Stability, Dislocation, Subluxation, Laxity<br />____Muscle strength, Tone, Atrophy, Abnormal movements<br />LUE<br />____Misalignment, Asymmetry, Crepitation, Defects,<br /> Tenderness, Mass, Effusion<br />____ROM, Pain, Crepitation, Contracture<br />____Stability, Dislocation, Subluxation, Laxity<br />____Muscle strength, Tone, Atrophy, Abnormal movements<br />RLE<br />____Misalignment, Asymmetry, Crepitation, Defects,<br /> Tenderness, Mass, Effusion<br />____ROM, Pain, Crepitation, Contracture<br />____Stability, Dislocation, Subluxation, Laxity<br />____Muscle strength, Tone, Atrophy, Abnormal movements<br />LLE<br />____Misalignment, Asymmetry, Crepitation, Defects,<br /> Tenderness, Mass, Effusion<br />____ROM, Pain, Crepitation, Contracture<br />____Stability, Dislocation, Subluxation, Laxity<br />____Muscle strength, Tone, Atrophy, Abnormal movements<br /><br />SKIN (2) –<br />____Inspection, Rash, Lesion, Ulcer<br />____Palpation, Induration, Nodule, Tightening<br /><br />NEURO (3) –<br />____Cranial deficits<br />____DTR, Babinski<br />____Sensation, Touch, Pin, Vibration, Proprioception<br /><br />PSYCH (4) –<br />____Judgement, Insight<br />____AO x 3<br />____Memory, recent and remote<br />____Mood and affect, Depression, Anxiety, Agitation<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /> MEDICAL DECISION MAKING:<br /><br />Dx: Types of problem:<br />_____Self-limited or minor<br />_____Established same/improving ____ Established, worsening<br />_____New, no additional workup ____New, with additional workup<br /><br />_____Are any of the above illnesses a severe exacerbation, progression or side effect of treatment?<br /><br />Management Options:<br />_____OTC Meds ____Phys/Occ Therapy<br />_____Prescrip/IM meds ____Closed Fx/dislocation w/o<br />_____IV meds manipulation<br />_____IV meds w/ additives ____Minor surg w/o risk factors<br />_____High Risk meds ____Minor surg w/ risk factors<br />_____Telemetry ____Major surg w/o risk factors<br />_____Respiratory treatments ____Major surg w/ risk factors<br />_____Nuclear Medicine ____Major emergency surger<br /> ____Decision not to resuscitate<br /> ----------------------------<br />_____Decision to obtain old medical records and/or obtain Hx from someone other than patient<br />_____Review and summ of old records and/or obtain Hx<br />from someone other than patient<br />_____Discussion of case with another health care provider<br /><br />Time spent in minutes w/ patient or family_____________<br /><br /><br />Labs:<br />_____CBC/UA ____Cardiac enzymes<br />_____Flu/Strep/Monospot ____ABG<br />_____PG test _____PT/PTT<br />_____Amylase _____T&C<br />_____BUN/Creat _____Superficial Bx<br />_____Electrolytes _____Deep/incisional Bx<br />_____ETOH/Drug screen ____Other labs 0-9<br />_____Chem profile <br /> ----------------------<br />_____Independent visualization of test<br />_____Discussion w/ performing<br />physician<br /><br />X-ray/Radiology<br />_____Chest ____GI/Gallbladder series<br />_____Extremities ____IVP<br />_____Abdomen ____CAT scan<br />_____Hip/Pelvis ____MRI<br />_____C-spine ____Vascular studies w/o risk<br />_____Diagnostic US ____Vascular studies w/ risk<br />_____Discography ____Other X-ray 0-9<br />_____T/L spine<br /> --------------------------<br />_____Independent visualization of test<br />_____Discussion w/ performing physician<br /><br />Other diagnostic tests:<br />_____EKG ____Nuclear scan<br />_____Holter ____Lumbar puncture<br />_____Treadmill/stress ____Thoracentesis<br />_____EEG/EMG ____Culdocentesis<br />_____Vectorcardiogram ____Endoscope w/o risk<br />_____Doppler flow ____Endoscope w/ risk<br />_____Pulmonary<br /> ---------------------<br />_____Independent visualization of test<br />_____Discussion w/ performing<br />physician<br /><br /><br /><a title="" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=7022887545799854107#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1">Ó</a>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-20590216212201565812009-12-16T20:05:00.000-08:002009-12-24T19:58:00.608-08:00Medical Coding Quiz CCS/ CCS-P<div align="justify">CPC OR CCS-P CODING PREP QUIZ<br /><br />1. Complete the following statement, “Medically necessary services are . . . “<br /><br />a. Consistent with the symptoms or diagnosis of the illness or injury being treated.<br />b. Reasonable. That is, in line with mainstream medical practice.<br />c. Reasonable and necessary for the patient’s condition and not performed primarily for the convenience of the patient, the attending physician, or the supplier.<br />d. All of the above.<br /><br />2. In the SOAP format of medical record documentation, what term describes the section of the medical record that contains the notes for the physician’s examination of the key components of the E/M codes (what the physician observes)?<br /><br />a. Subjective<br />b. Objective<br />c. Assessment<br />d. Plan<br /><br />3. Referring to the SOAP format, the following statement would be found in what section of the medical record: “The patient is a 10-year-old female who has experienced right ear pain starting last night after dinner.”<br /><br />a. Subjective<br />b. Objective<br />c. Assessment<br />d. Plan<br /><br />4. In what portion of the medical record would you find the following statement: “Patient to apply ice pack around ankle three times a day to prevent further swelling; Tylenol as needed to relieve pain.”<br /><br />a. Subjective<br />b. Objective<br />c. Assessment<br />d. Plan<br /><br /><br /><br />5. The intentional misrepresentation by either providers or beneficiaries to obtain or receive payment for services is referred to as:<br /><br />a. Unbundling<br />b. Fraud<br />c. Limiting Charges<br />d. All of the above<br /><br />6. The prefix “path-“ means:<br /><br />a. System<br />b. Organ<br />c. Disease<br />d. Cell<br /><br />7. One of the three bones that constitutes the pelvic girdle is called:<br /><br />a. Ileum<br />b. Lunette<br />c. Coccyx<br />d. Ilium<br /><br />8. A laryngoscopy is:<br /><br />a. A visual examination of the larynx<br />b. The inflammation of the larynx<br />c. The defective development of the larynx<br />d. An instrument used to examine the membrane of the larynx<br /><br />9. The term “carcinoma in situ” refers to:<br /><br />a. A malignant neoplasm found at the original site<br />b. A secondary or metastasized neoplasm<br />c. Malignancies that are confined or noninvasive<br />d. Tissue that is beginning to exhibit neoplastic behavior<br /><br />10. A 6-year-old girl fell on the playground at school. An x-ray revealed a distal radial fracture. Where is this located?<br /><br />a. Thumb side of lower forearm<br />b. Outside lower leg<br />c. Just below elbow on the thumb side<br />d. Lower part of the upper arm<br /><br /><br /><br />11. Which term describes the most important reason for the care provided to the patient; that is, the first diagnosis code listed on the insurance form?<br /><br />a. Complications<br />b. Adverse effect<br />c. Primary diagnosis<br />d. Symptoms<br /><br />12. The term “adverse effect” means:<br /><br />a. Secondary diagnosis code used to identify the external cause for a condition for which the patient is being seen<br />b. A morbid phenomenon or departure from the normal structure, function, or sensation experienced by the patient and indicative of the disease<br />c. The term denoting name of the disease or syndrome a person has or is believed to have<br />d. None of the above<br /><br />13. Which of the following is a FALSE statement?<br /><br />a. When only ancillary services are provided, list the appropriate V code first and the problem or condition second.<br />b. Code the primary diagnosis code first followed by the secondary, tertiary, and so on. Code any co-existing conditions that affect the treatment of the patient for the visit or procedure as supplementary information.<br />c. Only code a chronic diagnosis once, as it is not applicable to the patient’s current treatment.<br />d. Identify the service(s) or visit(s) for circumstances other than the disease or injury such as follow-up care<br /><br />14. The symbol [ ] indicates:<br /><br />a. Synonyms, alternate wording, or explanatory phrases<br />b. Supplementary words that may be present or absent without affecting the code assignment<br />c. A series of terms, each of which is modified by the statement appearing to the right<br />d. The code is specified<br /><br /><br />15. Which reference manual contains a listing of “V” and “E” codes as well as a numerical listing that classifies groups of disease and injury codes according to etiology and organ system?<br /><br />a. CPT<br />b. HCPCS<br />c. ICD-9-CM VOL I<br />d. ICD-9-CM VOL II<br /><br /><br />16. A 16-year-old female was admitted to the ER for abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, and diarrhea. Upon discharge, she was diagnosed with a ruptured ovarian cyst.<br /><br />a. 789.0<br />b. 620.2<br />c. 789.03<br />d. 620.2, 789.03<br /><br />17. A superficial burn to the right shoulder.<br /><br />a. 942.04<br />b. 943.40<br />c. 943.15<br />d. 692.71<br /><br />18. A four-week-old infant who is admitted for pyloric stenosis.<br /><br />a. 750.5<br />b. 537.0<br />c. 779.3<br />d. 536.2<br /><br />19. HCPCS is the acronym for:<br /><br />a. Health Care Procedure Coding System<br />b. Health Coding Procedural Counting System<br />c. HCFA Common Procedure Coding System<br />d. Hospital Coding Procedural Care Services<br /><br /><br />20. Chose the appropriate HCPCS code for a semi-rigid, thermoplastic foam, two-piece cervical collar.<br /><br />a. L0120<br />b. E0943<br />c. E0942<br />d. L0172<br /><br />21. What is the HCPCS code for 1 cc of Testosterone Cypionate 50 mg?<br /><br />a. J1090<br />b. J1060<br />c. J0900<br />d. J3140<br /><br />22. Which modifier indicates diagnostic mammogram converted from screening mammogram on the same day?<br /><br />a. –59<br />b. –58<br />c. –AT<br />d. –GH<br /><br />23. What is the HCPCS code for wound closure using tissue adhesive(s) only?<br /><br />a. A6250<br />b. G0168<br />c. A6265<br />d. G0170<br /><br />24. Which of the following is the correct HCPCS code for 250 mg of Cyclosporin, parenteral?<br /><br />a. J7502<br />b. J7516<br />c. K0121<br />d. J7515<br /><br />25. Which modifier is used to describe a CLIA waived test?<br /><br />a. QP<br />b. QW<br />c. GA<br />d. SG<br /><br /><br />26. In the CPT-4 text, what does the bullet symbol (•) represent?<br /><br />a. Revised codes<br />b. New codes<br />c. Add-on codes<br />d. Service includes surgical procedure only<br /><br />27. When two surgeons work together as primary surgeons performing distinct part(s) of a single reportable procedure, each surgeon should report his/her distinct operative work by adding which of the following modifiers?<br /><br />a. –54<br />b. –66<br />c. –59<br />d. –62<br /><br />28. When a patient is in a postoperative period and returns to the operating room for an unrelated procedure by the same physician, which of the following modifiers would you attach to the procedure being performed?<br /><br />a. –59<br />b. –24<br />c. –78<br />d. –79<br /><br />29. Evaluation and Management services were performed on an established patient in which the decision to perform a major surgery scheduled for the following morning was made. The patient was counseled for 15 minutes regarding treatment options, risks, and projected outcome. Which of the following modifiers would be appended to the service performed?<br /><br />a. –56<br />b. –52<br />c. –50<br />d. –57<br /><br />30. In the CPT-4 text, what does the following symbol represent (+)?<br /><br />a. Revised codes<br />b. New codes<br />c. Add-on codes<br />d. Service includes surgical procedure only<br /><br /><br />31. The index in the CPT-4 text is arranged with main term entries. These main term entries will fall into one or more of four categories. Identify the four categories.<br /><br />a. The procedure or service performed; the anatomical site involved; the condition; the modifying term.<br />b. The procedure or service performed; the organ or anatomical site; the code range; the synonym, eponym, or abbreviation.<br />c. The procedure or service performed; the organ or other anatomical site; the condition; the synonym, eponym, or abbreviation.<br />d. The modifying terms; the anatomical site; the disease; the synonyms, eponyms, or abbreviations.<br /><br />32. A three-year-old established patient presents to her pediatrician for an earache and abdominal pain. The physician documented the chief complaint, a brief HPI, and problem pertinent system review. An examination of the respiratory system and the abdomen was performed. The physician prescribed an antibiotic and clear liquids for gastroenteritis. Select the E/M service code for this visit.<br /><br />a. 99212<br />b. 99202<br />c. 99213<br />d. 99203<br /><br />33. An out-of-state patient came to visit a Nephrologist to establish temporary care. The patient filled out a detailed history form, which was reviewed by the MD and his documentation recorded in the patient’s chart. The Nephrologist performed a detailed exam and made arrangements for local dialysis care. This history, exam, and medical decision-making took approximately thirty minutes. In addition, the physician spent 40 minutes with the patient and a family member discussing the new treatment options available for Chronic Renal Failure by addressing the patient concerns regarding the medical treatment he is receiving from his own Nephrologist. Code this encounter.<br /><br />a. 99244<br />b. 99203-21<br />c. 99203, 99354<br />d. 99291<br /><br />34. A routine E/M visit to stabilize a patient in ICU/CCU utilizes what code range?<br /><br />a. 99234-99236<br />b. 99231-99233<br />c. 99291-99292<br />d. 99271-99275<br />35. The descriptors for the levels of E/M services recognize seven components in defining the levels of E/M services. Which components are considered the key components in selecting an E/M level of service?<br /><br />a. Counseling, Time, and Examination<br />b. History, Examination, and Medical Decision Making<br />c. History, Time, and Medical Decision Making<br />d. Time, Examination, and Medical Decision Making<br /><br />36. In the case where a patient is held in observation for more than two calendar dates, the physician must bill subsequent services furnished prior to the discharge utilizing which code range?<br /><br />a. 99211-99215<br />b. 99201-99205<br />c. 99234-99236<br />d. 99231-99233<br /><br />37. A physician is requested to stand by during a high-risk delivery of a newborn. The physician was on standby for forty-five minutes. Which code would be billed for this standby service?<br /><br />a. 99436<br />b. 99360<br />c. 99360 x 2<br />d. 99431<br /><br />38. What code would be reported for the delivery and discharge of a newborn on the same day?<br /><br />a. 99431<br />b. 99432<br />c. 99435<br />d. 99238<br /><br />39. Spinal anesthesia is defined as:<br /><br />a. An injection of a local anesthetic solution into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar region to block the roots of the spinal nerves<br />b. The spinal nerves are blocked with injected local anesthetic agent into the epidural space of the spinal cord<br />c. When muscular relaxation occurs throughout the body, the muscles lose their tone; ocular movements cease; the pupils are centrally fixed.<br />d. None of the above<br /><br /><br />40. Continuous epidural analgesia for labor and a cesarean delivery<br /><br />a. 00857-P1<br />b. 00955-P1<br />c. 59514-47<br />d. 88050-P1<br /><br />41. Which of the following is not needed when billing for Monitored Anesthesiology Care (MAC)?<br /><br />a. Modifier –QS<br />b. Total minutes of anesthesia service<br />c. Modifier –66<br />d. Documentation<br /><br />42. A patient required an epidural in place for four days. The anesthesiologist checked it every day. How would daily visits be coded for an anesthesiologist when the patient’s primary physician also saw the patient?<br /><br />a. 00700<br />b. 00850<br />c. 01996<br />d. 11760<br /><br />43. When an anesthesiologist is utilized to provide services to a patient with a broken fibula requiring cast repair, the anesthesia services are reported with code(s):<br /><br />a. 01462<br />b. 27780-47<br />c. 01490<br />d. 01999<br /><br />44. Anesthesia complicated by emergency conditions would require the use of what modifier or CPT code?<br /><br />a. –23<br />b. P5<br />c. 99100<br />d. 99140<br /><br />45. Code the cryosurgery of a 1.5 cm pre-malignant lesion on the left forearm:<br /><br />a. 17000<br />b. 17250<br />c. 17304<br />d. 17262<br /><br />46. What would define the removal of an entire lesion for pathological review:<br /><br />a. Destruction<br />b. Biopsy, incisional<br />c. Biopsy, excisional<br />d. Shaving<br /><br />47. A patient, suffering from a hypertrophic breast condition, presents to the surgeon’s office surgical suite to have breast tissue removed due to her back pain this condition has caused. The physician removes 221 grams of tissue from the right breast and 284 grams of tissue from the left breast. Select the appropriate code(s) for this procedure.<br /><br />a. 19316 x 2<br />b. 19324-50<br />c. 19324<br />d. 19318-50<br /><br />48. Debridement is the process of removing dead tissue, eschar, dirt, foreign material, or debris from all except:<br /><br />a. Burns<br />b. Wounds<br />c. Orifices<br />d. Infected skin<br /><br />49. Code the excision of a 2.5 cm malignant lip lesion and two malignant lesions of the chest, each 1.5 cm in diameter.<br /><br />a. 11643, 11602-51 x 2<br />b. 11403, 11402-51 x 2<br />c. 11643, 11602 x 2<br />d. 11200<br /><br />50. Code the destruction of three benign facial lesions.<br />a. 17000, 17003 x 2<br />b. 17000 x 3<br />c. 17260 x 3<br />d. 11305 x 3<br />51. “No man’s land” is:<br /><br />a. the palm of the hand<br />b. the middle bone of the fingers to the wrist<br />c. the crease in the palm closest to the fingers and the middle bone of the fingers<br />d. the crease in the palm closest to the fingers and the wrist<br /><br />52. Code the closed treatment of a carpal bone fracture (not scaphoid), with manipulation.<br /><br />a. 25635<br />b. 25624<br />c. 25645<br />d. 25628<br /><br />53. Code a repeat closed treatment of a femoral shaft fracture with manipulation by the same physician who performed the initial treatment.<br /><br />a. 27502-77<br />b. 27506-76<br />c. 27507-77<br />d. 27502-76<br /><br />54. Code a knee amputation of the right leg just above the knee.<br /><br />a. 27598<br />b. 27590<br />c. 27290<br />d. 28825<br /><br />55. Code an arthocentesis into the acromioclavicular joint of the left shoulder.<br /><br />a. 20550<br />b. 20610<br />c. 20605<br />d. 20600<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-35378567668223824562009-12-12T18:39:00.001-08:002009-12-24T19:56:17.529-08:00Medical Coding Test 2<div align="justify"><strong>Answer using both 1997 and 1995 guidelines assign all codes and modifiers that apply</strong></div><div align="justify"><br />On Dec 5, patient fell from a ladder while at work. He was taken to the ER where x-rays were taken noting a comminuted fracture of the distal fibula. Orthopedist, was called in by the ER doctor in consultation to evaluate the patient & discuss treatment options The Orthopedist obtained an expanded problem focused history and performed a detailed examination. His decision making was of moderate complexity identifying the need for immediate surgery. The patient was admitted and taken to the OR where a closed treatment (without manipulation) was performed. Patient is in the postoperative period of an arthroscopy of the shoulder performed 2 weeks ago. The Orthopedist performed both the surgeries. Assign the appropriate ICD-9-CM and CPT codes for the December 5 case by the orthopedist and the ER doctor.<br /><br /><br /><br />12. Patient presents to her psychiatrist’s office for a 45-minute supportive psychotherapy service that included review of recent lab work and adjustment of her medication. Her diagnosis was noted as: severe bipolar disorder in depressed state displaying psychotic behavior. Assign the appropriate ICD-9-CM and CPT codes for this case.<br /><br /><br /><br />Patient presents to Outpatient Surgery Department with a suspicious skin lesion involving the upper trunk. Lesion measures 2.8 cm and the margin required to adequately excise the lesion includes 0.2 cm from both sides. Pathology is negative for cancer noting actinic keratosis. Assign the appropriate ICD-9-CM diagnosis code(s) and CPT procedure code(s) for the surgeon.<br /><br /><br /><br />A six-year old boy fell while riding his bike in his backyard. He had numerous cuts and was brought to the ER by his mother. The ER physician obtained a brief HPI, pertinent ROS and pertinent past medical, social & family history. He performed an expanded problem focused examination. Medical decision making was of low complexity. Physician performed a layered closure of a 5.0 cm laceration of the forehead, a 1.5 cm layered closure of the left external ear and a simple repair of a 2.5 cm laceration of the lip. Assign the appropriate ICD-9-CM diagnosis code(s) and CPT procedure code(s).<br /><br /><br /><br />An established patient with known diagnosis of hypertension returns to the office for a blood pressure check by the nurse. The physician did not see the patient during this visit. Assign the appropriate ICD-9-CM diagnosis and CPT procedure codes.<br /><br /><br /><br />A doctor is requested by another doctor to evaluate his patient that is hospitalized. He. sees the patient on 1/5 . He obtains a detailed history, performs a comprehensive examination and medical decision making was of moderate complexity. He has ordered several tests to be performed and will schedule a follow-up appointment with the patient in his office to go over the results. The patient was discharged home on 1/7. The patient sees the. doctor in his office on 1/12 to discuss the results of the tests. He obtains an expanded problem focused history, performs an expanded problem focused examination and provides medical decision making of moderate complexity.<br /><br />Identify the E&M code for the 1/5 visit in the hospital<br /><br />Identify the E&M code for the 1/12 visit in the office<br /><br /><br />Patient presents to OP surgery for insertion of a dual chamber pacemaker into the right atrium and ventricle including transvenous placement of electrodes. A subcutaneous pocket for the pulse generator was also created. Patient has long-standing atrial fibrillation with minimal improvement from medications. Assign the appropriate ICD-9-CM diagnosis and CPT procedure codes.<br /><br /><br /><br />Patient has recently moved to the area and presents to Dr. Peters office to establish care and for evaluation of long-standing diabetes and hypertension, currently doing well per patient. A detailed history was obtained and a detailed exam was performed. Medical decision making was of moderate complexity, including renewal of medications. Doctor ordered a baseline EKG, which was performed by the nurse. The results were interpreted by Dr. Peters as normal. The patient requested evaluation of several skin tags that were rubbing against his shirt collar. Following examination, patient agreed to have them removed. Eight skin tags were successfully removed. Assign the appropriate ICD-9-CM diagnosis and CPT procedure codes.<br /><br /><br /><br />A patient had a biopsy of skin lesion performed on 10/2/05. Results were positive for malignant melanoma and patient was taken back to the operating room on 10/5/05 for a wide excision with adjacent tissue transfer to ensure no further tumor is present. What two-digit modifier should be appended to the surgical procedure?<br /><br /><br />CT scan of the cervical spine without contrast material followed by contrast material with additional sections taken. You are the biller for the radiologist who supervised, interpreted & dictated the report for this test. Assign only the appropriate CPT procedure code.<br /><br /><br />Via femoral approach, an arch aortogram and bilateral selective common carotid arteriogram were performed. Assign the CPT codes for both the surgery and the radiologic (professional component only) portions of the procedure.<br /><br /><br /><br />Patient was taken to the Operating Room for a repeat excision of Baker’s cyst from the popliteal space of the right knee. Assign the appropriate ICD-9-CM diagnosis and CPT procedure code for the second procedure.<br /><br /><br />Anesthesiologist personally provided anesthesia service for patient undergoing spinal surgery including laminectomy and insertion of Harrington rods. The patient is relatively healthy other than the spinal condition. Assign only the CPT code along with the appropriate physical status modifier and modifier identifying the provider.<br /><br /><br />Patient was admitted on January 10 for planned surgical repair of left carotid artery stenosis. He was taken to the OR where Dr Peters performed a thromboendarterectomy of the left carotid artery with patch graft. He was stable while in recovery and was transferred to the surgical ward when a bed was available Dr Peters stopped by to see the patient later in the evening on the 10th. He stopped by the morning of the 1/11 and noted that the patient was doing well and could be discharged later in the day. The patient was discharged home on the 11th with instructions to follow-up with Dr. Peters on the 18th. Assign the appropriate ICD-9-CM and CPT codes for the following:<br /><br />January 10:<br /><br />January 11:<br /><br /><br />Dr. Peters sees an established patient in his office for evaluation of end-stage renal disease due to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. In addition to a problem focused history, he performs an expanded problem focused exam that includes a limited exam of the genitourinary, immunologic, skin and musculoskeletal systems and documents all positive and negative findings. The patient’s status does not seem to have changed and medical decision making is of a low complexity. Dr. Hawthorne discusses with the patient his insulin dosage, diet, exercise and will see patient again in 6 months. Assign the appropriate ICD-9-CM and CPT codes.<br /><br /><br /><br />Patient was brought to the ER following a car accident yesterday evening in which she was a passenger. The accident was minor and she and her husband drove home with no complaints noted at the time of the accident. When she woke up this morning, she complained of neck pain especially with movement. She tried a heating pad for an hour with no relief. She has no complaints of dizziness or headache, abdominal or other musculoskeletal pain or nausea. The patient has no known allergies and takes Zocor for her hypercholesterolemia. Doctor performed an expanded problem focused examination. The ER doctor, Dr. Smith, ordered complete cervical spine x-rays including oblique & flexion views. Radiologist, Dr. Jones completed the x-ray report noting cervical sprain. Dr. Smith instructed the patient to apply heat to alleviate the cervical sprain. Assign the appropriate ICD-9-CM and CPT codes for both Dr. Smith & Dr. Jones (professional component only).<br /><br />Dr. Smith:<br /><br />Dr. Jones:<br />Patient presents to her doctor’s office with complaint of dizziness and headache for the past week. Her regular doctor is on vacation and she is seen by his partner, Dr. Sullivan. Doctor obtains a problem focused history and performs an expanded problem focused exam noting tachycardia. Patient has a history of atrial fibrillation and has been on Digoxin for the past year. Venipuncture is done to assess the quantity of Digoxin in the blood. Results showed elevated Digoxin. Patient was called and dosage was adjusted. Patient will return to the office in one week for follow-up. Final diagnosis: Digoxin toxicity and atrial fibrillation. Assign the appropriate ICD-9-CM and CPT codes.<br /><br /><br /><br />Patient presents to the lab department for the following blood tests: serum potassium, calcium, carbon dioxide, chloride, creatinine, serum sodium, BUN & glucose. Assign the appropriate CPT code(s) for these tests.<br /><br /><br /><br />Patient is status post right hip replacement and presents to the outpatient physical therapy department for rehab as per the treatment plan approved by the physician. The following services were provided by the PT assistant under the direction of the physical therapist: 15 minutes of whirlpool therapy, 8 minutes of ice packs and 10 minutes of therapeutic massage. The patient is doing very well and able to complete 5 minutes more therapeutic exercises compared to last week. Patient is instructed to continue with home exercises until next visit. Assign the appropriate ICD-9-CM and CPT codes.<br /><br /><br /><br />Patient presents with spinal stenosis. He was taken to the OR where a laminectomy with exploration and decompression of spinal cord at L1, L2 and L3. Assign the appropriate CPT code(s) only.</div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7022887545799854107.post-78992725919126427592009-12-12T06:21:00.000-08:002009-12-12T20:40:29.225-08:00Medical Coding Resources<div align="justify">A medical coder always needs to have his knowledge updated and need to continue his education throughout the career. As we know, every year on Oct 1, the ICD-9 CM gets updated and on Jan 1 of every year CPT and HCPCS gets updated.<br /><br />All Medical coders need to follow Coding Clinics and CPT Assistants where you can have your knowledge updated.<br /><br />The coding edge magazine from AAPC is also a very good magazine to follow. The journals from both the AHIMA and AAPC are valuable and knowledge gaining.<br /><br />There are many blogs and forums over net where you can be part of them and share your knowledge with them. Keep reading articles on coding whenever you have time.<br /><br />Some of the coding resources:<br /><br /><a href="http://health-information.advanceweb.com/">http://health-information.advanceweb.com/</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.justcoding.com/">http://www.justcoding.com/</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.hcpro.com/">http://www.hcpro.com/</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.ahima.org/coding/coding_resources.asp">http://www.ahima.org/coding/coding_resources.asp</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.cms.hhs.gov/">http://www.cms.hhs.gov/</a><br /><br /><a href="http://www.aapc.com/">http://www.aapc.com/</a></div><div align="justify"> </div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"><a href="http://www.pharma-lexicon.com/">http://www.pharma-lexicon.com/</a></div><div align="justify"> </div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"><a href="http://www.coderyte.com/">http://www.coderyte.com/</a></div><div align="justify"><br /><a href="http://www.zhealthpublishing.com/">http://www.zhealthpublishing.com/</a></div><div align="justify"><br /><a href="http://www.stedmans.com/">http://www.stedmans.com/</a></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div><div align="justify"></div>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0